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Index
Abelson, Philip, 67
Abingdon, England, 160–161
Adams, Arthur, 311
Age (Melbourne), on Bruno’s disappearance, 188
Ageno, Mario, 173
Agip oil company, 115
Akers, Wallace, 80, 314
Alexander, Serge. See Scherbatskoy, Serge Alexandrovich
Allegrini, R., 177
Allier, Jacques, 51–52
Alpha radiation, defined, 12
Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS), 264
Alvarez, Luis, 252
Amaldi, Edoardo Amaldi-Fermi (AF) curves, plotting of, 74
CERN, witness to construction of, 250
contact by MI5 about Bruno’s disappearance, 185–186
induced radioactivity, experiments with, 18–22
at International Conference on High Energy Physics in Kiev (1959), 252
seventieth birthday celebration, 285–286
as signer of greeting card for Bruno, 288
slow neutron phenomenon, patent of, 22
Via Panisperna Boys, inclusion in, 15–16, 22 (photo)
Amaldi, Ugo, 188, 286–287, 289, 300
Amaldi-Fermi (AF) curves, 74
Amendola, Giorgio, 64
Amiredzhibi, Rodam, 278, 282
Anderson, Herbert, 97, 101, 103
Andrew, Christopher, 130
Andropov, Yuri, 284
Angelov, Pavel, 135–136
Anglo-Canadian project
access to uranium deposits by, 89
Cockcroft’s appointment as director, 96
Halban, as director of, 80
members of, 88
origin of, 80
relocation to Chalk River, 96
sharing of data in, 91–94, 96–98
tension between US and UK in, 93, 95
travel, restrictions on non-British members, 118–119
Angus, John, 114
Anti-K-zero, 255
Anti-Semitism, 6, 29
Antielectrons, 110
Antifascism, 4, 6
Antimatter, 110
Antineutrinos, 107, 109, 250, 255, 293
Appleton, Edward, 88
Argon, 106, 254
Arneson, Gordon, 194
Arnold, Henry, 151–154, 185
Arnold, Lorna, 151, 210
Artsimovich, Lev, 229
Arzamas-16, 219, 229
Associated production, 236
Atmospheric neutrinos, 260
Atom smasher, 26
Atomic bomb, 10, 77, 79, 87, 93, 128
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 149, 198–199
Atomic Energy Research Establishment. See Harwell
Atomic nuclei, composition of, 9–10
Attlee, Clement, 120, 192
Auger, Pierre, 84, 88, 93, 99, 133 (photo), 288
Badham, R., 158–159
Barker, Royd “Doggie,” 162–164
Benedetto, Sergio de, 149
Beria, Lavrenti, 79, 135, 137, 141, 209, 226
Beta decay, 12–13
Beta radiation, defined, 12
Bethe, Hans, 11, 118, 121
Bideault, Georges, 157
Bilenky, Samoil, 228
Blokhintsev, Dmitri, 287
Blokhintseva, Tania, 287, 292
Blum, Léon, 30, 31
Bohm, David, 281
Bohr, Aage, 97
Bohr, Niels, 9, 24–25, 37, 41, 51, 184
Bretscher, Egon, 67, 161, 181, 185
Bretscher, Mark, 161–162, 184
Brezhnev, Leonid, 283
Britain. See United Kingdom
Brod
a, Paul, 136
Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York, 108, 226, 264
Burgess, Guy, 201–204, 210, 239
Caldirola, Piero, 167, 184
Cambridge Five spy ring, 201–202
Canada, radium and uranium deposits in, 83–84, 89
Candy, John, 183
Carbon tetrachloride, 106
CERN (European Council for Nuclear Research), 250
Chadwick, James, 9, 26, 79–80, 118–120, 139
Chain reaction, 46, 66, 68, 81, 92
Chalk River experimental facility, 89, 96–104, 107–109, 113–115, 133 (photo), 142
Chevalier, Haakon, 129
Chicago, Fermi’s laboratory in, 81–83, 94, 97, 98–101, 103, 112, 129
Chlorine, as target for neutron bombardment, 106, 254, 267
Churchill, Winston, 80, 87, 95, 118
Clermont-Ferrand, France, emergency laboratory at, 53, 56, 59–60
Cloud chamber, 266
Cobban, James, 160, 163
Cockcroft, John, 26, 96, 101, 117, 151, 185
Cohen, Lona (aka Helen Kroger), 140–143, 203, 245, 302, 304
Cohen, Morris, 140–142, 203, 245
Collard, John, 153, 155, 185
Communists
in France, 30–32
in Italy, 3, 6, 283
persecution of in US, 148–149, 203
UK as refuge for, 281
anticommunist hysteria in West, xii, xiv, 121, 150, 203, 311
Compton scattering, 229
Corbino, Orso, 15, 20–21, 24
Cosmic radiation, 109–112
Cosmotron, 226, 237
Cowan, Clyde, 107, 250, 254, 261
Curie, Marie, 13, 29, 31, 35
Curie, Pierre, 31, 35
Curran, Samuel, 114
Cyclotron, 26, 131
Czechoslovakia, invasion of by Soviet Union, 279
D’Agostino, Oscar, 17, 22 (photo), 23
Daily Mirror, on scientists’ concerns about nuclear weapons, 244
Dautry, Raoul, 53
Davis, Ray, xvii, 108–109, 250, 255–256, 267–269, 272, 293–294
Deuterium, 118, 141, 229
Deuterons, 10–11, 131
Doctors’ Plot, 240–241
Dozza, Giuseppe, 32
Dubczek, Alexander, 279
Dubna, USSR, particle accelerator in, 225–226
Dzhelepov, Venedict, 227
Eightfold Way, 237
Electromagnetic force, 258
Electron-neutrinos, 259–260, 264, 293, 294
Electrons, 7, 9, 12–13, 16–17, 36–37, 42–43, 106, 111–114, 229–230, 233, 251, 254–269, 272–273, 300
Electrostatic accelerator, 42
Eltenton, George, 128
Enrichment of uranium, 51, 67–68
Escher, M. C., 269
European Council for Nuclear Research (CERN), 250
Fakirov, Docho, 261
Fascism, 29
FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), 86, 118, 149–150, 172, 190–192, 197, 205–208
Feather, Norman, 67
Feinberg, Gerald, 258
Fermi, Enrico at University of Chicago, 81–83
at Columbia University, 69
control of British-American collaboration by, 93
hydrogen bomb, interest in, 141
neutron bombardment, use of in inducing radioactivity, 17–18
nuclear reactor, construction of, 81
slow-neutron phenomenon, discovery of, 19–22
slow-neutron phenomenon, patent of, 22
theory about neutrinos, 105–106
theory of beta decay, 13
theory on behavior of spectra of gases, 16
University of Rome, professorship at, 7–8
Via Panisperna Boys and, 15–16, 22 (photo)
Fermi, Laura, xv, 8, 20–21, 70, 121–122
Fidecaro, Giuseppe, 173
Fission, 10, 43–46, 50–51
Fission, spontaneous, 68, 128
Fitin, Pavel, 138
Flavored neutrinos, 257–265
Flerov, Georgii, 68–69, 77–79
France, 30–32, 53, 59–60, 288
Franks, Oliver, 194
Frisch, Otto, 66, 69, 107, 119, 300
Fuchs, Klaus
arrest of, xii, xiv, 148, 150, 202–203
Bruno’s opinion of, 281, 310
communist affiliation, failure of MI5 to identify, 134
confession, consequences of, 308, 314
as “deadliest spy” in US history, 228
effect of Fuchs’ arrest on Bruno, 281
fear of execution in US, 221
at Harwell, 139
at Los Alamos, 87
mentioned, 157, 158, 162, 172, 190, 244, 285, 305, 311, 312
Peierls, friendship with, xvi
Philby’s alert of Soviets about MI5 suspicion of, 202
post-prison life, 281–282, 304
reason for spying, 241
as spy for Soviet Union, xiii, 78, 87, 127, 132, 135, 141
Furnival Jones, Martin, 155
Galanin, A. D., 219
Gamma radiation, 12, 42
Gardner, Anthony, 161–162, 164–165, 182–183, 187–188
Gardner, John, 161, 164
Gardner, Meredith, 202
Gardner, Paul, 161–162, 167, 183, 186–187
Gardner family, 183–184
Gaseous diffusion, 132
Geiger counters, 101
Gell Mann, Murray, 237
Germany, 53, 59–60, 80
Gershtein, Semen, 249, 280–282, 300
Giannini, Gabriello, 197–199
Gold, Harry, xiv, 203
Goldhaber, Maurice, 25
Goldschmidt, Bertrand, 84, 94, 133 (photo)
Gordievsky, Oleg, 117, 130, 134, 309
Gouzenko, Igor, 103, 135, 137, 314
Gramsci, Antonio, 31
Graphite, 23, 81, 131
Greenglass, David, xiv, 172
Gribov, Vladimir, 268–269, 272, 281
Groshev, L. V., 229
Groves, Leslie, 87, 91, 93, 103, 118, 119, 131
GRU (Soviet military intelligence agency), 134–137, 139, 141
Guéron, Jules, 107, 115, 133 (photo), 300
Guidi, Guido Buffarini, 4
Hahn, Otto, 41, 43–44
Halban, Hans von
at Chalk River, 133 (photo)
detection of liberated neutrons by, 45
as director of Anglo-Canadian project, 80
experiments with chain reactions, 66, 92
hiring of Bruno for Anglo-Canadian project, 84–85, 88
personality, 38–39, 94–95
resignation as director of Anglo-Canadian project, 96
splitting uranium atoms, experiments with, 46
transfer of heavy water to Canada, 52, 53, 59–61
visit to Joliot-Curie, 118–119
visit with Bruno and Fermi, 82–83
Hall, Joan, 142, 221–222
Hall, Ted, xiv, 135, 139–142, 207, 221, 314
Harwell, xii, 117, 147–148
Hassler, Berger, 49
Hatton, Joe, 183, 184
Heavy water, 11, 23, 51–52, 56, 59–61, 94–95, 273
Helium-3, 266
Hennessy, Peter, 308
Henrietta. See Pontecorvo, Henrietta
Hideki Yukawa, 110
Higgs boson, 270
Hincks, Ted, 97, 112, 122–123
Hiroshima, Japan, US bombing of, 116
Hitler, Adolf, 49
Hollis, Roger, 155, 159, 194, 200, 207
Hoover, J. Edgar, 194, 207–208
House Un-American Activities Committee, 121
Hydrogen, isotopes of, 11
Hydrogen bomb, xii, 141, 142, 218, 229–231, 312
Independent (London), interview with Bruno, 290, 313
Inverse beta process, 266
Ioffe, Boris, 218–219, 228–229
Ion pairs, 114
Io
nization chambers, 101–102
Isomerism, 36–38, 42–43
Isotopes, defined, 10
Isvestia, on nuclear nonproliferation campaign, 243
Italy, 4, 6–7, 28, 29
Ivanov, Peter, 128
Ivry-sur-Seine, laboratory at, 38, 42–43, 50–51
Jackson, J. David, 276
Jackson, Maureen, 277 (photo)
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), 250, 262
Joliot-Curie, Frédéric
as active communist, 29
alpha particles, use of to induce radioactivity, 13–14
background of, 35–36
chain reaction, patents on, 46
Clermont-Ferrand, France, emergency laboratory in, 53, 59–60
dismissal as head of French atomic energy commission, 157
fiftieth birthday celebration, 157
in French Resistance, 52
heavy water, acquisition of, 51
inverse beta process, experiments with, 265
laboratory at Ivry-sur-Seine, work at, 38, 42–43, 50–51
Nobel Prize, award to, 14, 27
nuclear fission, experiments with, 44–45
nuclear weapons, opposition to, 157
as professor at Collège de France, 38
Joliot-Curie, Hélène, 45, 289
Joliot-Curie, Irène
alpha particles, use of to induce radioactivity, 13–14
communist sympathies of, 29
Nobel Prize, award to, 14, 27
secondary neutrons in fission process, detection of, 44
Jones, Evan, 157
K-zero or neutral kaons, 255
Kaons or K-mesons, 235–236
Kendall, James, 121
KGB
Bruno’s defection and, 176–177
Beria as head of, 135
cross-examination of Bruno, 209, 220–221
interest in Patterson letter, 221
knowledge of communists at Chalk River, 134
Lona Cohen and, 141–142
possible association with Bruno, 309–310
spy network of, 137, 139–140
surveillance of Bruno and family, 214–216
Khariton, Yulii, 69
Khrushchev, Nikita, 245, 248, 284
Kowarski, Lew, 38–39, 45–46, 52, 53, 56, 59–60, 66, 80, 102–103
Krasnikov, V. N., 142
Kroger, Helen. See Cohen, Lona
Kurchatov, Igor
agents in North America, importance of, 100, 127–129, 132, 134, 309
atomic bomb, quest for, 79
attempt to gain access to reactor for Bruno, 249
chain reaction, quest for, 44, 68–69
cyclotron, construction of, 131
as father of atomic bomb, 26
isomerism, interest in, 36
need for uranium, 142
personality, 25
provision of helium-3 for Bruno, 266