An Improbable Friendship: The Remarkable Lives of Israeli Ruth Dayan and Palestinian Raymonda Tawil and Their Forty-Year Peace Mission
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47 Based on an interview with Raymonda Tawil.
48 Set up in the sixties, the aim of the organization, to quote one of its presidents, Sir Paul Reilly, was “to support the aspiration of the world’s craftspeople, whether in maintaining honorable inherited traditions or in extending frontiers by experiment and innovation.”
49 Based on an interview with Raymonda Tawil.
50 The official invitation came from the “Committee on New Alternatives for the Middle East.” Its members included the likes of Noam Chomsky, I. F. Stone, and Moshe Menuhin, the father of the violinist who had gone to school with Ruth’s parents at the Herzliya Gymnasium.
51 “I was released thanks to the intervention of a decent military man named Amnon Cohen, a professor and scholar.” Interview with Raymonda Tawil.
52 See Freda Guttman, “Imwas 1967, 1968, 1978, and 1988 Canada Park: Two Family Albums,” in Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique 13, no. 1 (Spring 2005): 49–54.
53 Interview with Raymonda Tawil.
54 See Tom Segev, “When a shy but stubborn Israel first went to the Olympics,” Haaretz, July 7, 2012.
55 Marshall J. Breger, Yitzhak Reiter, and Leonard Hammer (eds.), Sacred Space in Israel and Palestine: Religion and Politics, (Routledge, 2013), p. 184.
56 Issam Sartawi, My Friend, the Enemy (1986).
57 Interview with Raymonda Tawil.
58 Avishay Braverman
59 Lilly Rivlin, journalist, writer, and filmmaker, introduced Raymonda to Letty Pogrebin. Rivlin is the first cousin of the president of Israel. The Israeli human rights lawyer Leah Tsemel defended Raymonda during the event.
60 Pogrebin credits Raymonda’s belief in dialogue, negotiation, and compromise in helping her go “from anger to activism, from silence to dialogue, from passivity to protest.”
61 In a letter to the Hebrew poet Haim Gouri in the 1960s, Ben-Gurion accused Begin of being a “racist along the lines of a Hitler” and, even worse, a man willing to exterminate all the Arabs “for the sake of a Greater Israel.” See Yehiam quoted in Weitz’s article “Begin’s Sharp Points, Blunted,” in Haaretz, June 27, 2003.
62 Begin was a leader in the Irgun attack on the village of Deir Yassin in April 1948.
63 Interview with Raymonda Tawil.
64 Yael’s transformation in her attitude toward Ruth was hastened by the reading of Dayan’s will. His archeological treasures and his various properties ended up with the new wife who announced that Assi was a “worthless playboy, Udi a corrupt, lazy no-good,” and Yael a “cunning, dominating bitch.”
65 In 1981 Raymonda won the Bruno Kreisky award for advocating “dialogue and reconciliation.”
66 Anthony H. Cordesman and Jennifer Moravitz, The Israeli-Palestinian War: Escalating to Nowhere (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005), p. 130.
67 “P.L.O. Aide Killed in Paris Bombing,” New York Times, July 24, 1982. Fadl was assassinated in retaliation for the PLO’s killing of Yacov Barsimantov, an Israeli diplomat in the Paris embassy.
68 Begin ordered the invasion after Abu Nidal’s group attempted to assassinate Israel’s ambassador to the UK, Shlomo Argov.
69 Interview with Raymonda Tawil.
70 The Arab League’s Ambassador to the UN told Raymonda that the “Zionists use your name in all their attacks against us and our Arab mentality.” Um Jihad, the wife of Arafat’s right-hand man Abu Jihad and the head of the PLO women’s organization, ordered her to “stop doing propaganda against the Palestinian people.”
71 This story is based on an interview with Raymonda Tawil. Henry Kissinger noted the way “sentences poured forth from him in mellifluous constructions complicated enough to test the listener’s intelligence and simultaneously leave him transfixed by the speaker’s virtuosity.”
72 Based on an interview with Raymonda Tawil.
73 Based on the interview with Raymonda Tawil.
74 Interview with Raymonda.
75 Joining them was an Arab-Israeli doctor and secret PLO member named Ahmed Tibi. He and Weizman had become friends when as an intern Tibi took care of Reumah and Ezer’s son Saul following the Egyptian sniper attack.
76 The note said, “Raymonda, if you do not leave within three days, you will end up like Aziz Shahadeh.” Aziz, the father of the writer Raja Shahadeh, was killed by an unknown assassin, probably a member of a rogue Palestinian faction.
77 As reported by Raymonda.
78 Abu Nidal was eventually shot to death in Baghdad on orders of Saddam Hussein.
79 Interview with Raymonda Tawil.
80 Her decision to have the child in Paris was criticized as anti-nationalistic. She struck back: “Our child was conceived in Gaza, but sanitary conditions there are terrible. I don’t want to be a hero and risk my baby.”
81 Edward Said, America’s most influential Palestinian, lampooned Arafat to Christopher Hitchens as the Palestinian “Papa Doc.”
82 The other architects of Oslo were the Israelis Ron Pundak and Uri Shavir.
83 Based on an interview with Raymonda Tawil.
84 See also Dafna Linzer, “Netanyahu Rejects Call by Weizman for Early Elections,” Associated Press, June 30, 1998.
85 Weizman was cleared and returned to office. He later retired.
Index
A
African National Congress (ANC), 95
Al Awda newspaper, 183
Al Fajr newspaper, 148
Al Hamshari, Mahmoud, 140
al-Husseini, Abdel Kader, 233
Alice in Wonderland, 88
Al Jazeera, 241
Altermann, Nathan, 51, 53
Anti-war movement, 135
Arafat’s Fatah movement, 116, 134, 161
Arafat, Yasser, 119, 120, 134, 181, 183, 184, 186, 211, 215, 221, 223, 226, 231, 235, 242, 255
Ave Maria, 40–42
Avnery, Uri, 53, 54, 55, 85, 110, 118, 122, 123, 129, 138, 160, 162, 171, 172, 199, 252
B
Bakri, Mohammed, 203
Balaban, Barney, 83
Bedouin el-Mazarib tribe, 3
Bedouin violence, 12
Begin-Dayan-Weizman-Sharon-Shamir government, 167
Beyond the Walls, 203–204
Ben-Eliezer, Fuad, 163, 165, 199
Ben-Gurion, 30, 33, 35, 38, 43, 44, 51, 53, 54
Bialik, Hayim, 79
Bonjour Tristesse, 62, 73, 84
Borderline Case, 197–202
Bosch, Hieronymus, 131
Botha, Pik, 213
British Royal Navy, 22
Bulgarians, 44
C
Cacoyannis, Michael, 86, 90, 145
“Canada Forest”, 156
Carter, Jimmy, 177
Catholicism, 157
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, 194
“Children’s revolution”, 218
Civil war, 7, 25–29
Comedians, 166–170
Cosmopolitan humanism, 140
Cosmopolitan magazine, 184
Crockett, Davy, 6
Crossing boundaries, 171–175
D
Daily Telegraph, 108
Damascus Gate, 180, 229
damnés de la terre, 169
Daoud, 118, 180, 229–231, 236
Darkness at Noon, 189
Darwish, Mahmoud, 214, 224
Dassin, Jules, 115
David Frost Show, 110
Dayan, Moshe, 3–6, 28, 33, 35, 39, 52, 54, 56, 66, 82, 90, 91, 106–108, 116, 131, 134, 142, 144, 159, 178, 193–195, 203, 228
Ben-Gurion, 44
Fall of Haifa, 30
Jewish Auxiliary Force, 13
military brilliance, 110
Ruth and, 12–17, 20
Wingate’s Special Night Squad, 14
Zorik and, 29
Dayan, Ruth
civil war, 25–29
desert camp, 43
First World War, 4
Good Witch, 176–179
in London, 12
maskiteers, 51–55
&
nbsp; and Moshe, 12–17, 20
Moshe’s war, 64–67
Nahalal in 1934, 6
reverence for life, 86–89
Villa Lea, 35–37
and Zvi, 13–14
Dayan, Uzi, 240
Death Had Two Sons, 90
De Maria, Michel, 57–59, 61, 76, 78, 121, 149, 157, 214, 226
The Diary of Anne Frank, 49
A Doll’s House, 91, 92
“Don Quixote”, 227
Douglas, William O., 39
Dunkelman, Ben, 34
Dust, 95, 111, 114
Dvora, 49
E
Ed Sullivan Show, 91
Electra, 86
An Electric Blanket named Moshe, 233
Elpeleg, Zvi, 108
Emperor, 115–117
Erez Yisrael, 3, 13
Eros and Civilization, 138
Ezeh chatichot!, 102
F
The Failure, 203
Falasteen, 242
Fallaci, Oriana, 222
Fall of Haifa, 30–32
Fanon, Frantz, 111
Fatah revolution, 120
Feast for the Eyes, 166
Fellini’s La Dolce Vita, 214
Feminism, 184, 206
Fiddler on the Roof, 134
First World War, 4
Flapan, Simha, 197
Franco-Anglo-Israeli attack, 65
Frank, Anne, 49
“Free fire policy”, 44
Freire, Paulo, 190
French-Arab Friendships Association, 209
French-Arabic translator, 221
French colonialism, 111
G
Gaza Strip, 66, 133, 235
Geffen, Aviv, 238
Geffin, Yonathan, 203
German-Jewish Marxist Herbert Marcuse, 138
Givoli, 124, 130
Glaser, Paul Michael, 134
Glenn, John, 12
Goldstein, Baruch, 234
The Guardian, 227
“Guns and Olive Branches” speech, 153–155
Günther, Hans F. K., 12
H
Haemek, Migdal, 71
Halfon Hill Doesn’t Answer, 145
HaOlam HaZeh, 54, 123, 129
Hawa, Habib, 8, 9, 40, 41
Hayl, Eshet, 44
Hazan, Ruth, 199
Honor killing, 133–136
Husseini, Faisal, 233
Huston, John, 115
I
Ibsen, Henrik, 91
IDF. See Israel Defense Forces (IDF)
Inter-American Development Bank, 168
Invitation to Murder, 146
Israel-Austria Friendship League, 198
Israel Defense Forces (IDF), 40, 52, 61, 65, 74, 84, 101, 108, 116, 117, 119, 138, 142, 145, 146, 148, 151, 160, 171, 178, 198, 200
Israeli security services, 180
J
Jean de la Fontinelle’s Alphabet, 112
Jerusalem Star newspaper, 92
“Jewish Bedouin”, 4
Jewish community, 64
Jewish forces, 30
Jewish girls, 61, 62
Jewish immigrants, 44
Jewish National Fund (JNF), 3, 5, 6
Jewish Observer, 65
Jewish terrorists, 180
Jew, Moroccan, 187
Jihad, Abu, 214, 215, 218, 219, 228, 248
JNF. See Jewish National Fund
Jordanian frontier, 52
K
Kanafani, Ghassan, 141
Kashi, George, 64, 78
Kenan, Amos, 129, 217
Khalifeh, Sahar, 97
King Hussein, 135
King Lear, 194
Koestler, Arthur, 3, 189
Kollek, Teddy, 83
L
La Dolce Vita, 214
Lang, Jacques, 217
Laski, Harold, 7
“La Tristesse d’Olympio”, 41
Lebanon War, 199
Lennon, John, 147
Letter to a Jewish Friend, 221
Levi-Eshkol, 99
Life According to Agfa, 232–233
Life magazine, 43, 84
Los Angeles Times, 205
L’pozez Akol, 143–146
M
Madame Bovary, 92
Ma maison me regarde et ne me connaît plus, 41, 48
Mandela, Nelson, 197
Mandelbaum Gate, 38, 40, 74–77, 92, 93, 106, 111
Marcus, Stanley, 83
Marxist group PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine), 138
Maskiteers, 51–55
“Mavet le-Aravim”, 200
Mazen, Abu, 161, 162, 220
Mein Kampf, 64, 220
Meir, Golda, 53, 140
Mengele, Josef, 46
Mikreh Gvul, 199
Militants for peace, 180–182
Ministry of Defense, 159, 164, 167, 257
Mitterrand, François, 221
Moshe Dayan: Story of My Life, 193
Moshe’s war, 64–67
Ms. magazine, 184, 216
Munich, 197
Muslim zealots, 79
My Home, My Prison, 199
N
Nahalal, 3, 6, 12–14, 28, 29, 38
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 61, 98
Nasser, Kamal, 141, 143, 149, 154
Nathan, Abie, 122, 135, 147, 169, 203, 226, 227, 232
Nazism, 16, 26
Netanyahu, Benjamin, 230
Neve Shalom, 156–158
New Face in the Mirror (1959), 82–85, 114, 131
New Outlook magazine, 167
New York Daily Post, 173
New York Times, 154, 164, 251, 252
Nidal, Abu, 142, 156, 160, 180, 198, 205, 219
Night Squad, 12–15
Noriega, Manuel, 168
Nubians, 23
O
Ogowe River, 168
“Open Bridges”, 107–108
“Operation Kadesh”, 66
“Operation Musketeer”, 66
“Operation Shredder”, 97
“Operation Volcano”, 61
“Operation Wooden Leg”, 215
“Operation Wrath of God”, 140
Oslo, 227–231, 248
agreement, 235
peace process, 240
P
Palestinian disaster, 129
“Peace Forest”, 156
Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 190
Peres, Shimon, 215, 231
PLO, 188, 198, 201, 203, 214, 216, 218, 219, 223, 228, 233, 242
“PLO terrorist threats”, 160
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), 256
Promise at Dawn, 115
Q
Quinn, Anthony, 90, 218
R
Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver, 84
Rabin, Yitzhak, 207, 217, 227, 229, 234
Rachel, 3, 5, 7
Redgrave, Vanessa, 184
Reumah, 25, 29
Rimbaud, Arthur, 84, 90
Ring of Fire, 225–226
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 90
Rose Garden ceremony, 232
Ruppin, Arthur, 3–5, 12
S
Saadawi, Nawal El, 222
Sadat, Anwar, 168
Sagan, Françoise, 62, 73, 84
Salah al-Din press office, 205
Sartawi, Issam, 171, 172, 205
Sartre, 90, 96, 111
Saturday Night Live, 184
Scandal-mongering journalists, 133
Schwarz-Dayan wedding, 8
Schwarz, Rachel, 7
Schwarz, Ruth, 3
Schweitzer, Albert, 86–89, 168
The Second Sex, 92
Selassie, Haile, 148
Shakhshir, Miriam, 121
Shamir, Yitzhak, 167, 225
Sharabi, Hisham, 176, 178
Sharar, Abu, 198
Sharett, Moshe, 55
Sharif, Abu, 140, 161, 172
Sharon, Ariel, 56, 230, 240
Sharon, Arik
, 255
Sheetrit, Shalom, 40
Shehadeh, Aziz, 160, 205
The Sheik, 28
Shekhina’s wing, 78–81
Shimoni, 191
Shin Bet, 46, 161, 190, 191
Six Day War, 84, 90, 134, 144, 172
Souss, Ibrahim, 210, 214, 221
Spielberg, Steven, 197
SS Mariette Pasha, 7
St. Luke’s Hospital, 129–133
The Story of Jacob and Joseph, 145
Strange Lands (Douglas), 39
A Streetcar Named Desire, 118
Suha, 225, 250–254
Sylvie, Aunt, 10, 23, 24, 31, 32
Syrian Prince, 8–11
T
Tawil, Raymonda
Christmas, 21–24, 46–48
and Dvora, 49
“Guns and Olive Branches” speech, 153–155
house arrest, 163–165
Mandelbaum Gate, 74–77
Michel De Maria, 57–59, 61
militants for peace, 180–182
Moskobiya Prison, 22
and Nicolas, 32
Shekhina’s Wing, 78–81
Six Days war, 98–103
Tristesse, 60–63
Tel Aviv museum, 55
Time magazine, 124
The Tomb of God, 187–192
Torgerson, Dial, 205, 206
Tristesse, 60–63
U
Umm al-Mu’in, 137–139
UNESCO-backed organization, 148
UNRWA, 42
V
Vasseli, Mandel, 82–83
Villa Lea, 35–37
W
A Walk with Love and Death, 115, 118
Washington Post, 176
Weizman, Ezer, 25, 37, 99, 134, 167, 171, 174, 177, 190, 216, 220, 229, 232, 239, 243, 248
Weizmann, Chaim, 7, 37
WIZO, 41, 42, 45
Women and Sex, 222
Women of valor, 43–45
Women’s strike, 95–97
World Council of Churches, 171
World Craft Council, 148
The Wretched of the Earth, 111
Y
Yael, Lieutenant, 38, 39, 43, 55, 84, 91, 109, 115, 195, 210–212, 233, 240, 248
Yassif, Kfar, 226
Yisrael, Erez, 13, 39, 115
Yoffi, Ezeh, 113
Yossi, 187–189
Z
Zionism, 162
Zionist, 7, 12, 13, 22, 26, 95, 167, 184
Zionist women’s organization WIZO, 41
Zorba the Greek, 90, 145
Zorik, 29, 33, 104
Zvi, 13, 14, 19
Zwaiter, Wael, 140
Ruth in London, 1921.
1927, London, Ruth with her parents, Rachel and Zvi, and her one-year-old sister, Reumah.
Ruth and Moshe, 1936, Nahalal.
Raymonda’s parents, Habib and Christmas, and her two brothers, George and Yussuf, 1944.
Raymonda’s first communion, April 1948, in Haifa. The photo was taken shortly before the family fled Haifa.