by Farley Mowat
Operation Jonah, 341
orca (killer whale), 5, 331n, 352, 363, 364, 365
Oregon buffalo, 167, 174
Orion, 458
Orkney Islands, 77, 326, 380
osprey, 104, 105, 223, 515
otter, 152–54, 162, 516
Ouelle River, 350–53
overfishing, 215, 243, 252, 517–19
and seabirds, 50–51, 57–58, 515
owls, 104–5
oystercatchers, 79–80
oysters, 246–48, 378, 389
Pacific coast, 220, 245, 378
Pacific Ocean, 243–44, 277–79. See also North Pacific Ocean; South Pacific Ocean
Palmer, William, 32
Parkhurst, Anthony, 30, 117, 153, 169, 188–89, 195, 248–49
parks
national, 101, 144, 147, 149, 492
provincial, 134
Parliamentary Comittee on Seals and Sealing, 431
Parmenius, Stephen, 117–18
Passamaquoddy Bay, 347n
passenger pigeon, 8, 63, 71, 101–2
Peace River district, 147, 197–98
Peary, Robert, 130–31
peeps, 86–87, 90
pekan (fisher), 155, 157, 160, 162
Penguin Islands, 23, 24, 26, 334, 335
penguins, 25. See also great auk
Penobscot Bay, 100
Pentecost River, 410
People’s Trust for Endangered Species, 495
peregrine falcon, 105
pest control. See also pesticides, by birds, 69, 71
pesticides, 56–57, 72, 105, 106
effects of, 156–58, 230, 515
petrels, 48–49, 54
phalaropes, 4
Philip II of Spain, 168
pie duck. See Labrador duck
pilot whale, 339, 349, 363, 366–73
Pimlott, Douglas, 474–75
piping plover, 87, 90, 515
Pippard, Leone, 356–57
Placentia Bay, 26, 119, 320
plaice, 215–16
Plains buffalo, 8, 167, 174–75
Plancius, Petrus, 366, 368
plankton, 96, 245, 254, 263–64, 284, 290, 291, 518. See also krill
Pleasure, 393
plovers, 84, 86, 88–90, 515
poaching, 231, 405–6
punishment for, 274–75, 338, 482
of seals, 429, 482, 520
of whales, 275, 277, 338, 519
poison. See pesticides; trapping
polar bear. See white bear
Polar Bear Project, 133
Polar Bear Wilderness Park, 134
polar whale. See bowhead whale
pollock, 517
pollution, 92, 98, 227, 229, 236. See also habitat destruction; pesticides
and acid rain, 230
and birds, 50, 52, 56–57, 515
and fish, 227, 229, 236, 239, 242, 244
and marine animals, 277, 349, 355, 519
from mercury, 242, 244, 355
in New England, 239, 248
from petroleum, 50, 56, 306
from toxic chemicals, 50, 52, 57, 98, 349
Polynia, 459
Pond Inlet, 288, 289, 302
Poole, Jonas, 384–86
porbeagle (mackerel shark), 215
porcupine, 154, 157
porpoises, 3–4, 35, 262, 342, 345–49. See also dolphins
Port au Choix Peninsula, 20–21, 396, 436
Port au Port Bay, 26
Portuguese, 35, 135, 241, 255
and buffalo, 166–68
and groundfish, 207, 213
and walrus, 382, 386, 390–92
pothead. See pilot whale
Potomac River, 168, 171–72, 219
pound nets, 238, 442
powdaree. See grey whale (otta sotta)
prairie chicken, 103
Pré-Ravillon, La Court de, 393
Pribilof Islands, 190
Prince Edward Island
birds in, 65, 101
fish in, 5, 242–43, 247
fur-bearing animals in, 151, 154, 155, 159, 183, 195
seals in, 414, 492
walrus in, 392, 396
The Principal Navigations... of the English Nation (Hakluyt), 23, 116, 171, 393
Pringle, James A., 84
Project Jonah, 356
protection of species, 37, 39, 51
for beluga whales, 356–57
for big game, 133–34, 516
for birds, 37, 39, 51, 89–90, 95
for fur-bearing animals, 152, 185
for seals, 428, 465–66, 470, 475–76, 478–81
for walrus, 406
for whales, 279, 306, 339–42, 364, 374, 518
protests. See also conservationists
boycotts as, 188, 433, 492–96, 500–506, 508–9, 512, 520
punishment for, 499–500, 509
against seal slaughter, 429, 431–32, 471–74, 480, 482–83, 487, 505
ptarmigan, 103–4
Puerto Rico, 85
puffins, 15, 18, 30, 31, 32, 34, 52, 54–58
pulp and paper industry, 155–57, 355
puma. See cougar
Puma, 320
Quebec
fish in, 231, 235, 237
fur-bearing animals in, 148, 152, 157, 159–60, 181
marine animals in, 233, 353, 403, 471
Ungava District of, 60, 139–45, 148
Quebec Provincial Police, 231, 506, 507
quotas
for ice seals, 473, 475, 478–82, 489, 490, 493, 520–21
for whales, 340
raggedy-jackets, 439, 508
railroads, 71, 83, 175–77, 309
Ramea Islands, 26, 392
rat-tail (grenadier fish), 216
razorbill, 32, 46, 53–54, 58
red-backed sandpiper. See dunlin
Red Bay, 258, 294n
red-breast. See knot
redfish, 214–15, 517
red fox, 188, 191
reduction plants, 220–22
Reinal, Pedro, 382
Renews, 103
resource development, 145, 252–53
Restigouche River, 218, 231
Rieber, Christian, 495–96
right whale. See black right whale (sarda); bowhead whale
ring-billed gull, 52
ring seal, 128
Roberval, Jean-Fransçois de La Roque, Sieur de, 116, 168, 345
Robichaud, H.R., 472, 473, 474, 476–77
rock ptarmigan, 104
rookeries, 28–30, 57
of birds, 22–34, 36–39, 50, 53, 54, 99–100
destruction of, 28–34, 39, 45–46, 48–52
of seals, 414–17, 421–23
of walrus, 392, 396
Roosevelt, Robert, 88
rorquals, 307–9, 312
killing of, 312–29
survival of, 336–37, 343
Rose, John, 188
roseate spoonbill, 99
roseate tern, 52
Rose Blanche, 134–35
Røst Island, 57
rough-legged hawk, 111
Rowan, John, 151, 210, 228, 237–38, 250, 352
Royal Canadian Air Force, 143, 213
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), 485, 498–99, 507
Royal Northwest Mounted Police, 303
Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 495
Russia. See Soviet Union
sable. See marten
Sable Island, 5, 188, 382–84
seals on, 414–15, 421–23
walrus on, 378–79, 382–89, 392, 396
Sagard, Gabriel, 82, 120, 172
Sag Harbor, 282
Saguenay River, 117, 265, 267, 343, 350, 356
St. George’s Bay, 396
St. John River, 146, 169, 237–38
St. John’s, 232, 368, 445, 451
St. John’s Bay, 26
St. John’s Islands, 232
St. Lawrence River, 82, 117
fish in, 205, 209, 233, 234
marine animals in, 233, 346
seals in, 411, 413
walrus processing on, 396
whales in, 233, 265, 343
St. Lawrence Whaling Company, 315
St. Margarets Bay, 243
St. Paul Island, 27
St-Pierre et Miquelon, 26
fish at, 207, 246
marine animals in, 347–48, 392, 414, 429
Sakhalin Island, 128
salmon, 119, 121–23, 517. See also Atlantic salmon
salt fish, 208, 210–11, 215, 217–19, 226–27, 234–37
Sambro Island, 45
sanctuaries, wildlife, 54, 80, 100–101, 144, 521
Sandeman, E.J., 214
sanderling, 87
sandhill crane, 100
sand lance, 308
sandpipers, 82, 87. See also dunlin
Sandwich Bay, 64, 73, 121, 123, 190
San Juan, 257–58
sarda. See black right whale (sarda)
The Sargasso Sea (Teal and Teal), 243
Savage Harbour, 497
scallops, 153, 246, 248, 389
Schreyer, Edward, 355–56
scientists. See also specimen collectors
and birds, 39, 73
and commercial fishery, 216, 222, 246–48, 252–54, 517–18
and seal hunt, 438, 450, 454–55, 470, 477–80, 487, 490, 493–94, 503
and seals, 422–25, 500n
and whales, 356, 369, 373
and whaling industry, 279–80, 305, 333, 340–42, 364
Scotch Bonnet, 5
scoter duck, 4
Scotland, 17, 302, 304, 361–63, 458
scrag whale. See grey whale (otta sotta)
seabirds, 4, 15, 45–59, 515
extermination of, 30–37, 50, 51
overfishing and, 50–51, 57–59, 222, 515
predators of, 54–55, 119, 190–91
protection of, 37, 39
seal hunt, 410–17, 440–49, 472. See also net fishing
aircraft used in, 466–69, 473, 474, 477–80
competition in, 467–69
criticism of, 471–73, 475–78
French in, 413, 440–41
international nature of, 458, 464–65, 470, 483
media and, 471–72, 473, 489–93, 502, 503
New Englanders in, 415
Norwegians in, 338–39, 463–66
public reaction to, 493, 494, 507–10
regulation of, 472–73, 474, 476–77, 479–80, 488–89, 494
Royal Commission on, 511
subsidies for, 489, 496, 500–501, 504–5
vessels used in, 446–47, 451, 453
wastage in, 449–51, 453, 468–69
and white bear, 128–30, 134–35
“The Seal Hunt: A Morality Play” (Cameron), 482–85
Seal Protection Group, 502
Seal Protection Regulations, 480, 482, 485, 499, 502, 509
seals, 5, 375–76, 408, 430. See also ice seals; specific species
extermination of, 427–31
as hide source, 411, 451, 455–57, 468–69
killing of, 304, 411–12, 421
as oil source, 35, 256, 451, 455–57, 461
overfishing and, 222, 418–19
as scapegoats, 418–33, 486–88, 493, 503, 512, 519–20
tagging of, 422, 427
sea mink (fisher), 160–64
Sea of Okhotsk, 128, 293, 300, 304, 306
Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, 497, 502
Sea Shepherd II, 497–99
sea snail, 246, 379
sea sturgeon, 234–36
sea turtles, 233–34
Sea Wolf Island, 27
seiners, 229, 241, 335
and baitfish, 220–22, 335
sei whale, 308, 325, 330, 337
extermination of, 338–43
semi-palmated plover, 87
semi-palmated sandpiper, 86–87
Sergeant, David E., 465, 490, 503
Seton, Ernest Thompson, 113, 130, 173–76
Seven Islands Bay, 396
shad, 206, 218–20
Shag Island, 26
sharks, 216, 244–45, 424, 431, 517
Shaw, Robert, 478
shearwater, 15, 47
shellfish, 246–48, 382, 389
Sheridan, Philip Henry, 174
Shetland Islands, 327, 380
Shippegan Island, 391
ships. See also fishing boats; specific vessels
barquentines, 456
barques, 21–24, 29, 451
brigantines, 447, 451
bully-boats, 446
caravels, 264, 268, 390
carracks (sack ships), 257, 268
schooners, 446–47, 451, 456
steam sealers, 453, 460–61
steam whalers, 303–4, 319
tankers, 268, 306, 328
shorebirds, 75–76, 515–16
lesser, 81–90
migration of, 81–82, 85, 89–90
shore stations, 314, 324, 396, 415. See also tryworks
in whaling industry, 326, 330, 334, 353, 363
Shuldan, Molineux, 401
Sierra, 275–76
Silent Spring (Carson), 105
silver fox. See red fox
Silver Mink, 241
Simpson, Elizabeth, 475
sirenians, 232–33
Sir James Clark Ross, 329
Sir William Alexander, 498
skate, 206, 216, 517
Skraelings, 434–35, 437, 442
skua, 15
smelt, 206, 218, 219
Smith, John, 205, 225, 234, 237, 246
snipe, 82, 84–85
snow goose, 5, 92
Social Credit Party, 200
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 471, 474, 495
So Remorseless a Havoc (McNally), 275, 333
Sorlle, Peter, 327–28
South America, 68, 78. See also Argentina
South Atlantic Ocean, 273–74, 277, 325–29
southern right whale. See black right whale (sarda)
South Georgia, 327
South Orkney Islands, 326
South Pacific Ocean, 274
South Shetland Islands, 327
Soviet Union, 406
and commercial fishing, 254, 487
and sealing, 463, 470
and whaling, 279, 306, 332, 365
and white bear, 132–33, 134
Spanish, 35, 213, 255, 411n
Spanish Armada, 269, 295
spearbill. See great auk
specimen collectors, 111
and bears, 133, 138
and birds, 40–41, 42, 61, 73, 80, 93
and seals, 422, 450
and whales, 279, 341
sperm whale, 4, 270–71, 309–10, 311, 330, 337
extermination of, 338–40
spiny dogfish, 216
Spitzbergen
walrus in, 395, 404
whales at, 269, 295–96
white bear in, 128, 132
sport fishing, 237–38, 250
and birds, 99–100, 515
of salmon, 223–24, 228–29
and tuna, 240, 242–43
sport hunting, 186–87, 197–202, 405
of bears, 132, 134, 145, 146
of big game, 197–99, 201, 516
of birds, 66–68, 76–77, 92–95, 96–102
of seals, 418–19, 426–28, 432
of whales, 354, 356, 512
spruce budworm, 106, 156
spruce grouse, 102
squid, 36, 218, 219
as whale food, 270, 358, 366–67, 372
starvation, 404
of animals, 57–58, 144, 517
Stearing Islands, 26
Steenstrup, J., 41
Stellar’s sea cow, 233
Stinking Island, 23, 38
Stobo, Wayne, 431
storm petrel, 15, 49
striped bass, 236–39
Striper (Cole), 238–39
sturgeon, 234–36
swans, 91–95
Swenk, Myron, 70
swordfish, 244
Symington, James, 67
Taiyo Gyogyo Company, 339
teal, 94–95
Teal, John and Mildred, 243
Technoventure, 497–98
terns, 18, 32, 51–52
Tesco, 502
Thevet, André, 117
thick-billed murre, 53–54
Thomas, Aaron, 32, 35, 38, 249
Thorarinn, 337–38
Thorfinn Karlsefni, 115, 434–35
thorny skate, 216
timber wolf, 193
Tocque, Philip, 37, 151, 195, 460
Topaz, 447–49
Toronto Humane Society, 496
Toronto Star, 492–94
Torrey Canyon, 306
tourism, 146, 355, 471. See also whale-watching
Townsend, Charles, 73, 86, 96
trade. See also fur trade; leather; markets
in skins, 160, 168, 174–75, 177
in walrus ivory, 379, 381
“Tragedy on the Whelping Ice” (Horwood), 465
train oil, 255–56, 330, 410
from fish, 220, 245
market for, 400–401, 404–5, 461, 463–64
from seabirds, 34–36
from seals, 415–18, 443, 461, 464
from sirenians, 233
from walrus, 384, 392, 400, 401
from whales, 262, 263, 268, 294–96, 300–301
from white bears, 128, 130
trapping, 151, 189–91. See also fur trade
poison use in, 151, 159, 189
Trinity Bay, 364, 370–72, 445, 451
