Red Famine: Stalin's War on Ukraine
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Vasyl’ev, Valerii. ‘Osoblyvosti polityky kerivnytstva VKP(b) u sil’s’komu hospodarstvi URSR (Kinets’ 1933–1934 rr.)’, Ukraïns’kyi selianyn: pratsi Naukovo-doslidnoho Instytutu Selianstva 10 (2006), 342–8.
——. Politychne kerivnytstvo URSR i SRSR: Dynamika vidnosyn tsentr-subtsentr vlady 1917–1938. Kyiv: Instytut Istoriï Ukraïny NAN Ukraïny, 2014.
——, and Iurii I. Shapoval. Komandyry velykoho holodu: Poïzdky V. Molotova i L. Kahanovycha v Ukraïnu ta Pivnichnyi Kavkaz, 1932–1933 rr. Kyiv: Heneza, 2001.
Viola, Lynne. Peasant Rebels Under Stalin: Collectivization and the Culture of Peasant Resistance. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
——. The Best Sons of the Fatherland: Workers in the Vanguard of Soviet Collectivization. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
——, and V. P. Danilov, eds. The War Against the Peasantry, 1927–1930: The Tragedy of the Soviet Countryside, trans. Steven Shabad. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005.
Wolowyna, Oleh, Serhii Plokhy, Nataliia Levchuk, Omelian Rudnytskyi, Pavlo Shevchuk and Alla Kovbasiuk. ‘Regional Variations of 1932–34 Famine Losses in Ukraine’, Canadian Studies in Population 43, nos. 3/4 (2016), 175–202.
Yevsieieva, Tetiana. ‘The Activities of Ukraine’s Union of Militant Atheists during the Period of All-Out Collectivization, 1929–1933’, trans. Marta Olynyk. Key Articles on the Holodomor Translated from Ukrainian into English, Holodomor Research and Education Consortium. http://holodomor.ca/translated-articles-on-the-holodomor.
Image Credits
Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders. The publishers will be pleased to make good in future editions any errors or omissions brought to their attention. Numbers refer to plates.
TsDKFFA Ukraïny im. H. S. Pshenychnoho: 12, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21.
TsDKFFA Ukraïny im. H. S. Pshenychnoho: 13, 14, 15, 24, 25. Previously published in Ukraïns’kyi Instytut Natsional’noï Pam’iati, and V. Yushchenko, eds. Natsional’na knyha pam’iati zhertv Holodomoru 1932–1933 rokiv v Ukraïni. Kyiv: Vydavnytstvo im. Oleny Telihy, 2008.
TsDKFFA Ukraïny im. H. S. Pshenychnoho: 22, 23. Previously published in Serhii Kokin, Valerii Vasyl’ev, and Nicolas Werth, eds. ‘Dokumenty orhaniv VKP(b) ta DPU USRR pro nastroï i modeli povedinky partiino-radians’kykh pratsivnykiv u respublitsi, 1932–33 rr.,’ Z arkhiviv VUChK GPU NKVD KGB 1–2, nos. 40–1 (2013).
Diözesanarchive, Vienna: 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 35, 36, 37, 38, 45. By permission of Samara Pearce, family of Alexander Weinerberger.
HDA SBU: 39, 40. Previously published in Valentyna Borysenko, ed. Rozsekrechena pam’iat’: Holodomor 1932–1933 rokiv v Ukraïni v dokumentakh GPU-NKVD. Kyiv: Stylos, 2007.
British Library, London: 42. © British Library Board / Bridgeman Images. As with 44, the columns of the original have been aligned for presentation on the page.
Map 4 was adapted from the MAPA: Digital Atlas of Ukraine program at the Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University.
Acknowledgements
Without the encouragement, advice and support of Professor Serhii Plokhii and his colleagues at the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, this book would not have been written. The scholars at HURI understood a decade ago that new archival discoveries merited a new approach to the history of the Holodomor – and they were right. Different members of staff helped at different times, but I owe special thanks to Oleh Wolowyna and Kostyantyn Bondarenko of the MAPA project at Harvard, who have done extraordinary work on statistics, demographics, numbers and maps.
I also owe an enormous debt to Marta Baziuk of the Holodomor Research and Education Consortium in Toronto, as well as her Kyiv-based counterpart, Lyudmyla Hrynevych of the Holodomor Ukrainian Research Centre, both of whom shared their profound knowledge of the subject with great generosity. Many thanks to the documentary filmmaker Andrew Tkach and Vladyslav Berkovsky of the TsDKFFA photographic archive for assistance with photographs. Professor Andrea Graziosi at the University of Naples helped shape the original outline and acted as a sounding board all the way through the project. Two extraordinary young historians, Daria Mattingly and Tetiana Boriak, provided research assistance from Kyiv and other cities in Ukraine. Ian Crookston and Professor Oksana Mykhed, two brilliant former Harvard graduate students, read the text for accuracy of sourcing and transliteration. A host of other Ukrainian historians offered suggestions and let me borrow their books or unpublished articles. They are all listed in the preface, but I’d like especially to thank Iurii Shapoval and Hennadii Boriak here again. I am grateful to the colleagues who read early versions of the manuscript, including Geoffrey Hosking, Bogdan Klid, Lubomyr Luciuk and Frank Sysyn. Many thanks to Nigel Colley and Russ Chelak for help with the story of Gareth Jones. I am also indebted to Roman Procyk of the Ukrainian Studies Fund and to its benefactors, especially Luba Kladko, Dr Maria Fischer Slysh, Arkadi Mulak-Yatzkivsky and Ivan and Helena Panczak, as well as the Semenenko Fund of the W. K. Lypynsky East European Research Institute.
As in the past, Stuart Proffitt at Penguin in London and Kris Puopolo in New York made a brilliant, transatlantic publishing team, and George Borchardt was a superb agent. This is now the third book I’ve been able to write with the help of this same trio. I will always be grateful to them. Richard Duguid managed the production of this book from London with customary efficiency, while Richard Mason was an excellent and meticulous copyeditor.
My final thanks go to Radek, Tadziu and Alexander – with love.
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First published 2017
Copyright © Anne Applebaum, 2017
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Front cover: Linocut by Mykola Bondarenko from the book Ukraine 1933: A Cookbook
ISBN: 978-0-141-97827-7