56.Armstrong, William, quoted in ibid. (62)
57.Armstrong, William, quoted in ibid. (77)
58.“Monster Gun.” William Armstrong website. iTough Ltd. Sept. 2, 2016. http://www .williamarmstrong.info/monster-gun.
59.Padua, Sydney. Interview, Aug. 27, 2016.
60.Collier, Bruce. The Little Engines That Could’ve. New York: Garland, 1990. C4, ebook. (NP)
61.Lord Moulton, quoted in ibid. (NP)
62.“Address of Sir W. Armstrong, Before the Mechanical Science Section,” The Electrical Review, Vol. 9 (Sept. 15, 1881). (349)
63.Ibid. (350–351)
SIX: HE WHO POWERS THE FUTURE
1.Barth, Linda. A History of Inventing in New Jersey: From Thomas Edison to the Ice Cream Cone. Mt. Pleasant, S.C.: Arcadia Press. 2013.
2.Jonnes, Jill. Empires of Light. New York: Random House. 2003. (52)
3.Edison, quoted in ibid. (52)
4.New York Daily Graphic, quoted in ibid. (54)
5.Morison, George Shattuck. The New Epoch and the University, (Oration, delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society in Sanders Theatre, Cambridge, Mass., June 25, 1896. (17)
6.Jonnes, Jill. Empires of Light. New York: Random House. 2003. (54)
7.Ibid. (56)
8.Edison, quoted in ibid. (56)
9.New York Daily Graphic, quoted in ibid. (54)
10.Ibid. (57)
11.New York Sun, quoted in ibid. (57)
12.Tesla, Nikola, quoted in ibid. (105)
13.Ibid. (10)
14.Seifer, Marc J. Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla: Biography of a Genius. Secaucus, N.J.: Citadel Press, 1998. (11)
15.Tesla, Nikola. My Inventions and Other Writings. Courier Dover Publications. (25)
16.Tesla, Nikola, quoted in Seifer, Marc J. Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla: Biography of a Genius. Secaucus, N.J.: Citadel Press, 1998. (71)
17.O’Neill, James. Prodigal Genius: The Life of Nikola Tesla. New material and revisions, New York: Cosimo Classics. 2007. (3)
18.Tesla, Nikola, quoted in Seifer, Marc J. Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla: Biography of a Genius. Secaucus, N.J.: Citadel Press, 1998. (71)
19.Ibid. (85)
20.Winter, Alison. Mesmerism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. (1)
21.Crookes, William. Researches in the Phenomena of Spiritualism. London: J. Burns, 1874. (4)
22.Hughes, Jeff. “A Crookes Charter.” Review of William Crookes (1832–1919) and the commercialization of science by W. H. Brock. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 64, No. 1 (March 20, 2010). (91–93)
23.Crookes, William. Researches in the Phenomena of Spiritualism. London: J. Burns. 1874.
24.Quoted in Morus, Iwan Rhys. Shocking Bodies: Life, Death, and Electricity in Victorian England. Stroud, England: The History Press, 2011. (113–114)
25.Quoted in ibid. (114).
26.Bulwer-Lytton, Edward. Vril, the Power of the Coming Race (Kindle locations 119–121). Chasma Press. Kindle Edition.
27.Ibid.
28.Ibid.
29.Quoted in Seifer, Marc J. Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla: Biography of a Genius. Secaucus, N.J.: Citadel Press, 1998. (63)
30.Ibid. (64)
31.“New IOM Members,” Science, Vol. 214, No. 4520 (1981). http://www.jstor.org/stable/1687288. (524)
32.Quoted in Seifer, Marc J. Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla: Biography of a Genius. Secaucus, N.J.: Citadel Press, 1998. (196)
33.Bulwer-Lytton, Edward. Vril, the Power of the Coming Race (Kindle location 447). Chasma Press. Kindle Edition.
34.Tesla, Nikola. My Inventions and Other Writings. Courier Dover Publications. (23)
35.Seifer, Marc J. Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla: Biography of a Genius. Secaucus, N.J.: Citadel Press, 1998. (16)
36.Quoted in ibid. (16)
37.Tesla, Nikola. My Inventions and Other Writings. Courier Dover Publications. (27)
38.Prichard, James Cowles. “Forms of Insanity.” Excerpted. Embodied Selves: An Anthology of Psychological Texts 1830–1890. Eds. Taylor, Jenny Bourne, and Sally Shuttleworth. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 2003. (252)
39.Esquirol, Etienne. Mental Maladies; a Treatise on Insanity. Trans. E. K. Hunt. Philadelphia: Lea and Blanchard, 1845. (200)
40.Tesla, Nikola. My Inventions and Other Writings. Courier Dover Publications. (26)
41.Ibid. (28)
42.Seifer, Marc J. Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla: Biography of a Genius. Secaucus, N.J.: Citadel Press, 1998. (23)
43.Tesla, Nikola, quoted in Jonnes, Jill. Empires of Light. New York: Random House. 2003. (93)
44.Macomber, William. The Fixed Law of Patents: As Established by the Supreme Court of the United States and the Nine Circuit Courts of Appeals. New York: Little, Brown, 1913. (671)
45.Seifer, Marc J. Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla: Biography of a Genius. Secaucus, N.J.: Citadel Press, 1998. (54)
46.Ibid. (56)
47.Quoted in ibid. (58)
48.Seifer, Marc J. Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla: Biography of a Genius. Secaucus, N.J.: Citadel Press, 1998. (78)
49.Ibid. (79)
50.Tesla, Nikola. Inventions, Researches, and Writings of Nikola Tesla. Ed. Martin, T. C. 1894. (318)
51.Ibid. (319)
52.Childress, David Hatcher. The Tesla Papers, 162.
53.Jonnes, Jill. Empires of Light. New York: Random House. 2003. (316)
54.Tesla, Nikola. “The Age of Electricity,” Cassier’s Magazine: An Engineering Monthly. Vol. 11, 1897. Ebook, Google. (385)
55.Tesla, Nikola. “Nikola Tesla and His Wonderful Discoveries.” Electrical World, April 29, 1893. (324)
56.Steltzner, Adam. “The Great Math Mystery,” Nova (2015).
57.Nolan, Christopher. The Prestige. 2006.
58.Ibid.
59.Letter by Nikola Tesla, quoted in Seifer, Marc J. Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla: Biography of a Genius. Secaucus, N.J.: Citadel Press, 1998. (328)
60.Morison, Elting. Men, Machines, and Modern Times. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1966. (119)
SEVEN: A WRENCH IN THE AGE OF MACHINERY
1.Heald, Henrietta. William Armstrong: Magician of the North. Carmarthen, Wales: McNidder and Grace, 2012. (45)
2.Martineau, Harriet. Harriet Martineau’s Autobiography, Abridged. Big Byte Books. Google ebooks. (358)
3.Carlyle, Thomas. “Meeting of the British Association at Manchester,” Fraser’s Magazine, Vol. 26 (Sept. 1842). (366)
4.“Inundation of Heaton Colliery,” History of Mining in Durham and Northumberland. Newcastle University. http://www.ncl.ac.uk/library/services/education-outreach/outreach/mining/heaton.php.
5.Sources compiled for “Child Labor during the British Industrial Revolution.” EH.net. Economic History Association. (NP). https://eh.net/encyclopedia/child-labor-during-the-british-industrial-revolution/.
6.Carlyle, Thomas. Sartor Resartus: The life and opinions of Herr Teufelsdröckh in three books. Chapman and Hall, 1831. (46)
7.Carlyle, Thomas. “A Mechanical Age” (1829), first published in the Edinburgh Review.
8.Heald, Henrietta. William Armstrong: Magician of the North. Carmarthen, Wales: McNidder and Grace, 2012. (214)
9.Engels, Friedrich. The Condition of the Working Class in Great Britain. Oxford, England: Oxford World’s Classics. (9)
10.Ibid. (9)
11.Ibid. (10)
12.Ibid. (17)
13.Morison, George Shattuck. The New Epoch and the University (Oration, delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society in Sanders Theatre, Cambridge, Mass., June 25, 1896. (2)
14.White, T. W., quoted in Franklin, H. Bruce, ed. Future Perfect: American Science Fiction of the Nineteenth Century: An Anthology. Expanded and revised ed. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1995. (132)
15.Engels, Friedrich. The Condition of the Working Class in Great Britain. Oxford World’s Classics. (
36)
16.Mayhew, Henry. London Labour and the London Poor. New York: Penguin Classics, 1985. (35)
17.Engels, Friedrich. The Condition of the Working Class in Great Britain. Oxford, England: Oxford World Classics. (40)
18.Sharps, Francis, MRCS, quoted in ibid. (162)
19.Ibid. (149)
20.Illustrated London Times. Quoted in Heald, Henrietta. William Armstrong: Magician of the North. Carmarthen, Wales: McNidder and Grace, 2012. (60)
21.Ibid. (60–61)
22.Leach, Michelle. “5 Disasters that Led to Greater Workplace Safety,” Listosaur: History. September 2, 2013. (NP)
23.Engels, Friedrich. The Condition of the Working Class in Great Britain. Oxford, England: Oxford World’s Classics. (245)
24.Ibid. (302)
25.Heald, Henrietta. William Armstrong: Magician of the North. Carmarthen, Wales: McNidder and Grace, 2012. (214)
26.Ibid. (215)
27.Ibid. (216)
28.Ibid. (216)
29.Ibid. (217)
30.Quoted in ibid. (219)
31.Quoted in ibid. (220)
32.Ibid. (221)
33.Ibid. (224)
34.Quoted in ibid. (228)
35.Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. The Communist Manifesto. The Floating Press, 2008 (from 1888 edition). (5)
36.Ibid. (10)
37.Ibid. (10)
38.Butterworth, Alex. The World that Never Was: Dreamers, Schemers, Anarchists and Secret Agents. New York: Vintage Books, 2011. (11)
39.Ibid. (12)
40.Verne, Jules. Paris in the 20th Century. Trans. Howard, Richard. New York: Ballantine Books. 1996. (55)
41.Ibid. (55)
42.Ibid. (11)
43.Ibid.
44.Ibid. (30)
45.Ibid. (32)
46.Ibid. (41)
47.Bernstein, Richard. “The New Jules Verne, Like ‘1984’ but Older.” New York Times Book Review. Dec. 27, 1996.
48.Butterworth, Alex. The World that Never Was: Dreamers, Schemers, Anarchists and Secret Agents. New York: Vintage Books, 2011. (189)
49.Ibid. (192)
50.Ibid. (195)
51.Verne, Jules. Paris in the 20th Century. Trans. Howard, Richard. New York: Ballantine Books, 1996. (157)
52.Simmons, James R., Jr. Factory Lives: Four Nineteenth-Century Working Class Autobiographies. Peterborough, Ont.: Broadview Press, 2007. (24)
53.Ibid. (136)
54.Ibid. (124)
55.Butterworth, Alex. The World that Never Was: Dreamers, Schemers, Anarchists and Secret Agents. New York: Vintage Books, 2011. (196)
56.Morris, quoted in ibid. (197)
57.Verne, Jules. Paris in the 20th Century. Trans. Howard, Richard. New York: Ballantine Books, 1996. (157)
58.Ibid. (58)
59.Déjacque, Joseph, quoted in Non-Market Socialism in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Eds. Maximilien Rubel and John Crump. New York: Springer, 1987. (65)
60.Butterworth, Alex. The World that Never Was: Dreamers, Schemers, Anarchists and Secret Agents. New York: Vintage Books, 2011. (199)
61.Spies, August, quoted in Butterworth, Alex. The World that Never Was: Dreamers, Schemers, Anarchists and Secret Agents. New York: Vintage Books, 2011. (212)
62.Verne, Jules. Paris in the 20th Century. Trans. Howard, Richard. New York: Ballantine Books, 1996. (163)
63.Ibid. (164)
64.Ibid. (194)
65.Ibid. (195)
66.Butterworth, Alex. The World that Never Was: Dreamers, Schemers, Anarchists and Secret Agents. New York: Vintage Books, 2011. (15)
67.Ibid. (15)
68.Ibid. (27)
69.George, Henry. “The American Republic.” Henry George: Collected Journalistic Writings, Volume 1. Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 2003. (113)
70.Butterworth, Alex. The World that Never Was: Dreamers, Schemers, Anarchists and Secret Agents. New York: Vintage Books, 2011. (205)
71.Ibid. (209)
EIGHT: OF ACID AND ACCIDENT
1.Virilio, Paul. Pure War (Interview with Sylvère Lotringer). Trans. Mark Polizzotti. New York: Semiotext(e), 1997.
2.Wright, A. S., and P. J. Maxwell. “Robert Liston, M.D. (October 28, 1794–December 7, 1847): The Fastest Knife in the West End,” American Surgeon, Jan. 2014; 80 (1): 1–2.
3.Gordon, Richard. Great Medical Disasters. Looe, England: House of Stratus, 2001. (3)
4.Ibid.
5.Liston, Robert. “Spontaneous Mortification—Case occurring in the upper extremity.” Lecture. The Lancet London. Vol. 1. 1835. Google ebook. (848)
6.Lister, Joseph. “On the Antiseptic Principles in the Practice of Surgery,” The British Medical Journal, Vol. 2, No. 351 (Sept. 21, 1867). (246–248)
7.Ibid. (246)
8.“Medico-Parliamentary,” The British Medical Journal, Vol. 1, No. 374 (Feb. 29, 1868). (210)
9.Ogston, Alexander. “Case of Carbolic Acid Poisoning,” The British Medical Journal, Vol. 1, No. 527 (Feb. 4, 1871). (116)
10.“Antiseptic Surgery,” The British Medical Journal, Vol. 2., No. 990 (Dec. 20, 1879). (1000–1005, 1004)
11.“Antiseptic Ovariotomy,” The British Medical Journal, Vol. 2, No. 1075 (Aug. 6, 1881). (232)
12.Jenkins, Henry. “Foreword,” Vintage Tomorrows. Eds. Carrott, James, and Brian David Johnson. Sebastopol, Calif.: O’Reilly, 2013. (xii)
13.Personal interview: Andrew Elis. April 27, 2015. From “Arcanum Inspired Steampunk Acid Gun,” Seller page, TheGOAD. https://www.etsy.com/listing/101905632/arcanum-inspired-steampunk-acid-gun. Accessed April 25, 2015.
14.Schwarcz, Joe. “Vitriolic Attacks,” Office for Science and Society, McGill Blogs. Accessed April 24, 2015.
15.Karpenko, Vladimír, and John A. Norris. Vitriol in the History of Chemistry. Chem. Listy, Vol. 96, 2001. (997–1005, 998)
16.Gaskell, P. The Manufacturing Population of England: Its Moral, Social, and Physical Conditions. London: Baldwin and Cradock, 1833. (300)
17.“Execution of Hugh Kennedy.” Loyal Reformer’s Gazette 3-4. Glasgow: Muir, Gowans and Company, 1831. (332)
18.Quoted in Morison, Elting E. Men, Machines, and Modern Times. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1966. (14)
19.Gaskell, P. Artisans and machinery: the moral and physical condition of the manufacturing population. considered, with reference to mechanical substitutes for human labour, London: John W Parker, 1836, A2.
20.Ibid. (v–vi)
21.Tarde, Gabrielle, quoted in Holmes, Joseph. “Crime and the Press,” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 20, No. 1 (May 1929). (10)
22.Ibid.
23.Harris, Ruth. “Melodrama, Hysteria, and Feminine Crimes of Passion in the Fin-de-Siècle,” History Workshop, Vol. 25 (Spring 1988). (38)
24.Ibid. (54)
25.Shapiro, Ann-Louise. Breaking the Codes: Female Criminality in Fin-de-Siècle Paris. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1996.
26.Verne, Jules. 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. Project Gutenberg. Release date: May 24, 2008 [Ebook #164]. Accessed Aug. 8, 2015. (NP)
27.“Electricity: A Powerful Agent,” Undersea Warfare, Winter 2004. (NP) Accessed online. July 24, 2015. http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/usw/issue_21/verne 2.htm.
28.Ibid.
29.Verne, Jules. 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. (NP)
30.Morus, Iwan Rhys, “Batteries, Bodies, and Belts: Making Careers in Victorian Medical Electricity.” (217)
31.Ibid.
32.Morus, Iwan Rhys. Shocking Bodies: Life, Death and Electricity in Victorian England. Stroud, England: The History Press, 2011. (103)
33.Maines, Rachel. Technology of Orgasm: “Hysteria,” the Vibrator, and Women’s Sexual Satisfaction. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. (82)
34.Ibid. (85)
35.Morus, Iwan Rhys. Shocking Bodies: Life, Death and Electricity in Victorian England. Stroud, England: The History Press, 2011. (107)
36.Lobb, Harry William. On the Curative Treatment of Paralysis and Neuralgia. In ser
ies Electrotherapeutics, London 1859. (13)
37.Ibid. (14)
38.Ibid. (17)
39.Morus, Shocking Bodies: Life, Death, and Electricity in Victorian England. Stroud, England: The History Press, 2011. (110)
40.Pye-Smith, Charlie. “The Palace of a Modern Magician,” newspaper article cited from: “Cragside Northumberland.” Heritage Group Website for the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers.
41.Ibid.
42.Peterson, J. K. The Telecommunications Illustrated Dictionary, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, 2002. (732)
43.Fryer, Tim. “Let There Be Light: Early Electricity and the Birth of Modern Luxury Living,” New Electronics. Sept. 9, 2014. http://www.newelectronics.co.uk/electronics-technology/let-there-be-light-early-electricity-and-the-birth-of-modern-luxury-living/64101/.
44.Larson, Erik. The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic, and Madness at the Fair that Changed America. New York: Vintage Books, 2003.
45.Loyson, Peter. “Chemistry in the Time of the Pharaohs,” J. Chem. Edu., Vol. 88, No. 2 (2011). (146)
46.“Justus von Liebig and Friederich Wöhler,” Chemical Heritage Foundation. ChemicalHeritage.org. Accessed May 4, 2015. http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history/themes/molecular-synthesis-structure-and-bonding/.liebig-and-wohler.aspx.
47.Cansler, Clay. “Where’s the Beef?” Chemical Heritage Magazine. Chemical Heritage Foundation. Fall 2013/Winter 2014. Accessed May 4, 2015.
48.Ibid.
49.Ibid.
50.Finlay, Mark. “Quackery and Cookery: Justus von Liebig’s Extract of Meat and the Theory of Nutrition in the Victorian Age,” Bulletin of Medical History, Vol. 66, No. 3, (Fall 1992). (404–418)
51.Larson, Erik. The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic, and Madness at the Fair that Changed America. New York: Vintage Books, 2003. (35–36)
52.Tremeear, Janice. Illinois’ Haunted Route 66. Stroud, England: History Press, 2013. (56)
53.Ibid.
54.Ibid. (57)
55.Larson, Erik. The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic, and Madness at the Fair that Changed America. New York: Vintage Books, 2003. (150)
56.Mansfield, Laura, and Elisa Oliver, eds. “A History of Meat.” Feast Journal. Issue 2. http://feastjournal.tumblr.com/post/103825804347.
57.Ibid. (364)
58.Haigh, J. G. “To Mr. and Mrs. J. R. Haigh.” PCOM 8/818 of the National Archives.
59.“John Haigh: The Acid Bath Murderer,” Crime and Investigation. Web accessed May 8, 2015. http://www.crimeandinvestigation.co.uk/crime-files/john-haigh-the-acid-bath-murderer.
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