Respect Yourself
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Black, Kay Pittman. “Stax Probe Began After Cash Seized.” Press Scimitar, June 20, 1973.
Black, Kay Pittman. “New Wage-Hike Plan for City Is Studied.” Press Scimitar, June 16, 1969.
“Black, White Leaders Press Efforts to Curb Violence Across City.” Commercial Appeal, October 22, 1971.
“Blacks May Form Antibusing Group.” Press Scimitar, May 27, 1971.
Beifuss, John. “T.O. Jones.” Commercial Appeal, April 13, 1989.
Bowman, Rob. Liner notes from The Complete Stax/Volt Soul Singles: Volume 1, 1959–1968. Atlantic, Inc., 1991.
Bowman, Rob. Liner notes from The Complete Stax/Volt Soul Singles: Volume 2, 1968–1971. Fantasy, Inc., 1993.
Bowman, Rob. Liner notes from The Complete Stax/Volt Soul Singles: Volume 3, 1972–1975. Fantasy, Inc., 1994.
“Boycotts: A Mistake.” Commercial Appeal, April 27, 1972.
Brody, W.W. “Sisson Warns of ‘Agitation.’” Commercial Appeal, January 9, 1964.
Burch, Peggy. “Federal Jurors Hear 2 Sides in Stax Case.” Press Scimitar, October 24, 1978.
Burch, Peggy. “Record Producer Takes Credit for Stax’ Success.” Press Scimitar, October 20, 1978.
Burk, Bill E. “Hollywood Company Acquires Stax-Volt.” Press Scimitar, May 13, 1968.
“Busing to Be O.K.’d by Memphis Board.” Press Scimitar, June 21, 1971.
“CAB asks Widening of School Boycott.” Press Scimitar, April 28, 1972.
“CAB Calls for Boycott of Schools for 2 Days.” Commercial Appeal, April 26, 1972.
CBS Memorandum from Bernard Di Matteo to CRI and CRU Personnel, April 3, 1974.
CBS Memorandum from Bruce Lundvall (CRU) to CRU Organization, November 15, 1971.
“Chancellor Issues Injunction Ordering Municipal Workers Not to Proceed with Strike.” Commercial Appeal, August 22, 1966.
Chisum, James. “CAB Displays Political Impact Potential.” Commercial Appeal, June 28, 1971.
Chisum, James. “East Memphis to Feel Misery of Negotiations.” Commercial Appeal, May 30, 1969.
Chisum, James. “Series of Compromises Gives City and Union 3-Year Work Agreement.” Commercial Appeal, June 26, 1969.
“City Asked to Employ Negroes in All Depts.” Tri-State Defender, December 12, 1964.
“City Faces ‘Halt’ Threat from Epps.” Commercial Appeal, May 6, 1969.
“Commissioner Sisson Requests Social Security Coverage for All ‘Unclassified’ City Employees.” Tri-State Defender, March 7, 1967.
“Confidential T.O. Jones Background Check.” September 29, 1969. Henry Loeb Papers, Series III, Box 147, Folder 17. Memphis-Shelby Country Public Library and Information Center, Special Collections, Memphis, TN.
“Contract Ratified with a Big Cheer.” Press Scimitar, June 25, 1969.
Cornelius, Lucinda. “Memphis’ Stax Records Closes Its Doors, Again.” Press Scimitar. April 24, 1979.
Cortese, James “Stax Brass Expects Sale to Open Many New Doors.” Commercial Appeal, May 19, 1968.
Court ruling: A. J. Calhoun, Successor Trustee of Stax Records, Inc., Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Johnny Baylor and Koko Records, Inc., Defendants-Appellants., 646 F.2d 1158 (6th Cir. 1981) Federal Circuits (April 1981).
Covington, Jimmie. “Private Schools Gear for Rise in Fall Enrollment of Students.” Commercial Appeal, April 29, 1974.
“‘Crisis-Weary’ Organizations Urge Equitable Settlements.” Commercial Appeal, November 11, 1969.
Dawson, Diana. “Last Vestiges of Stax Empire Auctioned.” Press Scimitar, October 15, 1981.
“Don Nix.” Stax Records press release. September 12, 1973.
Doughty, Roger. “Isaac Hayes Spreads Memphis Sound in N.Y.” Press Scimitar, July 24, 1970.
Epps, Jesse. Statement by the Special Assistant to the International President, American “Ex-Banker’s Files Subject of Inquiry.” Commercial Appeal, February 22, 1975.
Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees. January 13, 1970.
“Evers, Farris Lock Horns on Union/Sanitation Men Want More Pay.” Tri-State Defender, February 6, 1960.
“Farris Denies That Sanitation Workers Were Dismissed Because of Attempt to Form Union.” Press Scimitar, July 6, 1963.
“Feelings Run Strong—And So Do the Words.” Commercial Appeal, October 22, 1971.
Flynn, Brown Alan. “Busing Foes Get Support from Loeb and Chandler.” Press Scimitar, May 18, 1971.
Flynn, Brown Alan. “Hire Top Lawyer to Fight Busing, Says Kuykendall.” Press Scimitar, June 8, 1971.
“Foes of Busing March, Then Ride Buses Home.” Commercial Appeal, March 29, 1972.
“Former Record Producer Defends Role with Stax.” Commercial Appeal, October 20, 1978.
George, Nelson. “Al Bell, Stax Mover and Shaker, Is Starting Over.” Billboard, August 2, 1986.
Gordon, Robert. “Soul Man: Booker T. Jones.” Playboy, June 2009.
Gordon, Robert. Liner notes from Hi Times: The Hi Records R&B Years. The Right Stuff/Capitol Records, 1995.
Green, Earl Jr. “Labor in the South: A Case Study of Memphis—The 1968 Sanitation Strike and Its Effect on An Urban Community.” PhD dissertation, New York University, 1980.
“Hard, Dramatic Bargainer Acts Tough Role for City” Commercial Appeal, February 13, 1968.
Higgins, Chester. “Ex-Con Dancer Finds Savior in ‘Black Moses.’” Ebony, May 1972.
Higgins, Chester. “Eyewitness Tells of Redding’s Violent Death: ‘I Guess God Was with Me,’ Says Lone Survivor of Plane Crash.” Sepia, December 28, 1967.
“High Court’s Backing of Busing Denounced by Sen. Person.” Press Scimitar, May 19, 1971.
“Hijack Gang Takes Over Southern Jet, Demands Ransom of 10 Million.” Commercial Appeal, November 11, 1972.
“Hijacking Increases Airport Security.” Commercial Appeal, November 12, 1972.
“Hospital Statement Is Firm Against Union Recognition.” Press Scimitar, November 14, 1969.
“IRS Says Al Bell Owes $527,391.” Press Scimitar, September 29, 1976.
Jaynes, Gregory. “Epps Rallies 800 with ‘War’ Talk.” Commercial Appeal, April 15, 1969.
“Jim Stewart.” Stax Records press release. July 1972.
Jimi Plays Monterey/Shake! Otis at Monterey. DVD. The Criterion Collection, 1986.
Johnson, Robert. “Beatles to Record Here,” Press Scimitar, March 31, 1966.
“Judge Calls for Stax Financial Records.” Press Scimitar, November 29, 1973.
“Judge Extends Order in Stax-CBS Dispute.” Press Scimitar, October 30, 1974.
“Judge Orders Stax Evidence.” Commercial Appeal, August 23, 1973.
Kellet, Robert. “Bishop, Board Still Seem Split on Procedure in Hospital Strike.” Commercial Appeal, October 30, 1969.
Kellet, Robert. “Top ‘Soul’ Singer Otis Redding Jr., 5 Memphis Musicians Die in Crash.” Commercial Appeal, December 11, 1967.
Kingsley, James. “Fate, Luck, Stewart Combined for Memphis Sound.” Commercial Appeal, July 26, 1970.
Kingsley, James. “Stax Expands with Pop, C&W, Gospel Records.” Commercial Appeal, January 13, 1974.
Knott, John. “M-G-M Sues Hayes, Stax for Breach of Contract.” Press Scimitar, February 7, 1973.
Koch, Stephen. “Al Bell Takes Us There: An Interview.” Arkansas Review: A Journal of Delta Studies 32, no. 1 (April 2001): 49.
Lee, Mary Ann. “Ardent Hitches Its Wagon to Stax.” Press Scimitar, March 31, 1972.
Lee, Mary Ann. “How Halftime Became Showtime for ‘Shaft.’” Press Scimitar, December 10, 1971.
Lee, Mary Ann. “Putting the Memphis Sound on Paper.” Press Scimitar, May 24, 1968.
Lee, Mary Ann. “Singers of ‘Soul’ Sound Off on Lack of TV Exposure.” Press Scimitar. May 26, 1969.
Lichtenstein Grace. “Stax Is Accused of Covering Up in Payola Case.” Commercial Appeal, August 22, 1973.
Lee, Mary Ann. “Stax Is Major Investor in Broadway Production.” Press Scimitar, Februar
y 15, 1972.
Lisle, Andria. “Memphis Sunset: The Mysterious Death of Stax Heartbeat Al Jackson, Jr.” Grand Royal Magazine no. 6.
Lollar, Michael. “Bell Didn’t Participate in Fraud, Witness Says.” Commercial Appeal, July 19, 1976.
Lollar, Michael. “Bell, Harwell Plead Innocent to Charges.” Commercial Appeal, September 25, 1975.
Lollar, Michael. “IRS Investigation of Stax Case Results in $1.8 Million Action Against Executive.” Commercial Appeal, June 20, 1973.
Lollar, Michael. “Stax Records’ Owner, Ex-Banker Are Indicted.” Commercial Appeal, September 10, 1975.
Lollar, Michael. “Stax Tapes Net $1.3 Million; Buyer May ‘Resurrect’ Firm.” Commercial Appeal, January 27, 1977.
Lollar, Michael. “Trustee Asks Court to Seize $541,834 to Pay Stax Bills.” Commercial Appeal, October 21, 1976.
Lollar, Michael. “U.S. Grand Jury plans broadened Stax inquiry.” Commercial Appeal, November 29, 1973.
“Lunch Boycott Hits 44 Schools.” Press Scimitar, March 27, 1972.
Maycock, James. “A Black Woodstock: Wattstax.” The Guardian, July 20, 2002.
McGarvey, Seamus. “The Five Royales, Part 1.” Juke Blues magazine, issue 31.
McGarvey, Seamus. “The Five Royales, Part 2.” Juke Blues magazine, issue 32.
McKee, Margaret. “These Nine Memphians Working on Solutions.” Press Scimitar, November 10, 1969.
“Memorandum of Understanding.” Henry Loeb Papers, Series III, Box 267, Folders 6 and 7. Memphis-Shelby Country Public Library and Information Center, Special Collections, Memphis, TN.
“Memphis and Mid-South Population Vol. 1,” Memphis Area Chamber of Commerce, February 1972.
“Memphis and Shelby County Population, Housing, and Economic Analysis 1970–1990.” Memphis and Shelby County Division of Planning and Development, April 1993.
“Memphis Gets Earful of the Memphis Sound.” Press Scimitar, March 27, 1968.
“Memphis Market.” Memphis Chamber of Commerce, 1963.
“Music Executive Denies Kickbacks.” Press Scimitar, August 24, 1973.
“NATRA Presents Six Awards to Stax Records.” Stax Records press release, September 22, 1970.
“Negroes at Fever Pitch, Vow All-Out Support of Students.” Tri-State Defender, March 26, 1960.
“‘One of Most Segregated in Nation’ City Rates Low on Sociologist’s Integration Scale.” Press Scimitar, November 22, 1971.
“O.Z. Evers Gets 1959 Honor Roll.” Tri-State Defender, January 23, 1960.
Paige Jr., Woodrow. “Stax Says Snags Cleared from Path to Tams Sale.” Commercial Appeal, March 6, 1973.
Palmer, L.F. Jr. “Story from Inside Jail.” Tri-State Defender, February 16, 1960.
“Picket Lines Go Up Outside St. Joseph.” Commercial Appeal, October 6, 1969.
“Piracy on High C’s Is Attacked.” Stax Records press release. November 20, 1971.
“Population, United States, Tennessee, Memphis MSA and MSA Municipalities, 1980 and 1990.” Government document.
Ragogna, Mike. The Huffington Post, June 15, 2011: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mike-ragogna/van-hunts-free-june-downl_b_877200.html.
“Recording Executive Fails to Convince Federal Jury.” Press Scimitar, October 26, 1978.
Reid, M.L. “Garbagemen Working in Fear Since More Than 30 Were Fired.” Tri-State Defender, July 13, 1963.
Respect Yourself: The Stax Records Story. DVD. Concord Music/Universal, 2007.
Riker, Jefferson. “Strike Nobody Wants Looms Close in Confrontation of City, Employees.” Commercial Appeal, June 4, 1969.
“Role Changes Puts T.O. Jones in Center of Stage.” Commercial Appeal, July 15, 1970.
“Ronnie Caldwell.” Commercial Appeal, December 21, 1967.
Sanford, Otis L. “Jury Finds Stax Payments Fraudulent.” Commercial Appeal, October 26, 1978.
“Sanitation Men Ready to Strike: Accept Union Now Is Demand.” Tri-State Defender, May 7, 1960.
“Screening of Hijackers Poses Major Questions.” Commercial Appeal. November 14, 1972.
“‘767,050 Live in Metro Area,’ Says Census Bureau Report.” Commercial Appeal. September 24, 1970.
“Soul Sound Opens Heart for Needy.” Commercial Appeal, March 18, 1968.
“St. Joseph Breaks Off with Union.” Press Scimitar, October 1, 1969.
Stanfield, J. Edwin. “In Memphis: More Than a Garbage Strike.” March 22, 1968. Atlanta, Georgia: Southern Regional Council.
“Stax Announces Plans to Produce 4 Movies.” Commercial Appeal, February 3, 1974.
“Stax Assistant Talks with IRS.” Press Scimitar, June 12, 1973.
“Stax Owner, Ex-Banker Named in Indictment,” Press Scimitar, September 9, 1975.
“Stax Countersues CBS for $67 Million.” Commercial Appeal, October 29, 1974.
Stax Fax, Issues 1–9.
“Stax Official Believes Firm to Rise Again.” Commercial Appeal, February 1, 1976.
“Stax Ordered to Open Its Books.” Commercial Appeal, September 27, 1974.
“Stax Organization Moves into Broadway Play Arena as Major Backers of ‘The Selling of the President.’” Stax Records press release, February 2, 1972.
“Stax Oust All Promotion Men.” Stax Records press release, February 18, 1971.
“Stax Payments Told in ‘Handshake Deal.’” Commercial Appeal, October 17, 1978.
“Stax Record Organization Opens Fight Against Record Piracy in Plan Utilizing FBI Methods and Ex-Agents.” Stax Records press release. November 22, 1971.
Stax Records 50th Anniversary Issue, Stop Smiling magazine, 2007.
“Stax Records Awarded for Creativity.” Stax Records press release, April 28, 1971.
“Stax Records Planning Own Office Building.” Press Scimitar, May 4, 1973.
“Stax Records to Reopen Here Soon.” Tri-State Defender, December 10, 1977.
“Stax Trustee Asks Seizure of Baylor’s $2.54 Million.” Commercial Appeal, January 29, 1977.
Stewart, Jim. “Copy of Speech Given by Mr. Jim Stewart at Company Meeting.” March 14, 1970.
Stewart, Jim. Liner notes for Otis! The Definitive Otis Redding. Rhino Records/Atlantic Records, 1993.
Suosalo, Heikki. “Luther Ingram: The Complete Story.” Soul Express no. 2, 2004.
Suosalo, Heikki. “Tommy Tate.” Soul Express no. 3, 2001.
“T.O. Jones to Members of the Sanitation Department.” July 27, 1968. Henry Loeb Papers, Series III, Box 147, Folder 17. Memphis-Shelby County Public Library and Information Center, Special Collection, Memphis, TN.
Taylor, Calvin Jr. “200 Teachers Rally to Back Fourth Monday of Protest.” Commercial Appeal, November 11, 1969.
Taylor, Calvin Jr. “Epps, 7 Others Ousted in Move for ‘Stability.’” Commercial Appeal, May 27, 1970.
“The Stax Organization.” Stax Records press release, November 1971.
“3-Flank Attack on Busing Listed.” Commercial Appeal, May 18, 1971.
“Trash Situation Serious.” Commercial Appeal, January 12, 1970.
Travis, Dave. Liner notes from Memphis Rockabillies, Hillbillies & Honky Tonkers Vol. 2: The Erwin Records Story. Stomper Time Records, 2002.
Trotter, Wayne. “Tear Gas Follows Rocks As Police Stand Firm: March Leaders Arrested.” Commercial Appeal, November 11, 1969.
“$2.5 Million Is Awarded in Stax Suit.” Press Scimitar, October 25, 1978.
Union Planters National Bank of Memphis, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Cbs, Inc., Stax Records, Inc., Alvertis Isbell, A/K/a Al Bell, and James F. Stewart, Defendants-Appellees., 557 F.2d 84 (6th Cir. 1977) Federal Circuits (June 1977).
Unterberger, Richie. “Wattstax.” Mojo, July 2004.
“UP Bank Sues Stax and CBS.” Commercial Appeal, November 14, 1974.
“UP Begins Foreclosure On Property of Al Bell. Press Scimitar, February 5, 1976.
“UP Buys McLemore Building for 85K.” Press Scimitar, April 18, 1976.
Vancil, Paul. “Al Bell Remains Op
timistic Despite Trial, Bankruptcy Fight.” Press Scimitar, August 5, 1976.
Vincent, David. “New Coalition of Negro Groups Plan Mass March as First Step.” Commercial Appeal, October 17, 1969.
Vincent, David. “Threat of Negro Boycotts Looms As NAACP Bolts School Meeting.” Commercial Appeal, October 16, 1969.
Vincent, David. “Black Coalition Orders End to School boycotts After Board Files Suit.” Commercial Appeal, November 11, 1969.
Weiler, Joseph. “Many Saw Portents of Stax’ End, But Disagree on the Cause.” Commercial Appeal, February 9, 1976.
Weiler, Joseph. “Stax Backers’ Talk Sounds Like Broken Record.” Commercial Appeal, February 10, 1976.
Weiler, Joseph. “Stax Records: The Dream That Died.” Commercial Appeal, February 8, 1976.
Wenner, Jann. “Otis.” Rolling Stone, January 20, 1968.
White, Cliff. “Stax: Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa (Sad Song).” New Musical Express, August 21, 1976.
Wilson, Robert. “There’s Sadness at Soulsville, U.S.A.” Press Scimitar, January 13, 1976.
Witkin, Richard. “Hijack Rule to Require Armed Airport Guards.” Commercial Appeal (via the New York Times), November 30, 1972.
“Witness Tells About Items in Stax Return.” Press Scimitar, July 19, 1976.
Turn It Up, Baby
Notes on Sources, Reading, and Listening
Before specific source notes and recommendations by chapter, here are some broader recommendations. (Note that further reading suggestions are with the acknowledgments.)
Stax has become a label well-reissued. You can get song collections in small, medium, and extra-large doses. The two best ways into the catalog may be the two-CD Stax 50th Anniversary Celebration—the big hits are there, and some of the lesser-known artists too. The Stax Story four-CD collection is even better, the one you’d want on a desert island. The discs are thematically divided: hits, blues, live, and other good stuff. You can’t go wrong with either of these. For a single CD intro, try Stax Number Ones. Though these are the big hits that span the label’s history, they barely scratch the surface.
The three Stax singles boxes—each box is nine or ten discs—are great, but can be intimidating. This is all of the A-sides released by Stax-Volt, and some of the B-sides. It’s archaeological: The chronological sequencing traces the development of the players, the signings, the label’s change in direction after the Atlantic years. You can listen to these boxes for years and always discover something new. Each comes with a beautiful booklet full of photos. Grow with Booker T. & the MG’s on their three-CD set, Time Is Tight. Listen to the band’s evolution, along with many live tracks from the 1990s. (If enough people listen to Booker T. and the MG’s, wars will end.) The three-CD collection Take Me to the River is not exclusively Stax but, as its subtitle suggests, A Southern Soul Story 1961–1977. This is a fine introduction to the sounds of the era and the region. Stax: The Soul of Hip-Hop collects some of the most popular sampled tracks, combining hits with nuggets.