No More Champagne

by David Lough

  3. 11 Jun 1968 J. Petrie, Estate Duty Office, NA T227/2810.

  4. 9 Feb 1965 Grant of Probate, www.gov.uk; Jan–Feb 1965 LBA B/1034/B/12. Shares sold by Churchill’s executors raised £45,000: 9,000 ICI shares raised £19,240; 6,850 BRINCO [The British Newfoundland Development Corporation] shares £11,815; 15,000 Philip Hill Investment Trust shares £14,063. Also sold, without any recorded sums raised, were shares in East African Estates, Van-Tor Oils and Explorations and Permo Oil & Gas. Churchill’s other assets at his death included local authority loans, £40,423 raised by the sale of government bonds, bank deposit accounts, properties at 27 and 28 Hyde Park Gate, personal chattels and paintings. Churchill’s executors’ accounts will remain closed until 31 December 2035.

  5. M. Soames, Clementine Churchill, pp. 555–9.

  6. Feb 1967 valuation schedules, NA T22/2809.

  7. 7 May 1968 R. Alley ltr to Estate Duty Office, NA T 227/2810.

  8. 31 Oct 1968 J. Colville ltr to R. Jenkins, NA T227/3933.

  9. www.nationaltrust.org.uk/chartwell/prices; the Association of Leading Visitor Attractions. Chartwell’s admission price for adults in 2015 is £14.30 (143 times the 1966 price). It recorded 226,582 visitors in 2014.

  10. 4 Mar 1977 UPI press release. Mimizan, painted in 1924, fetched £29,000; The Pope’s Palace at Avignon nearly £16,000. The other paintings were a portrait of Clementine and Sarah by Sir John Lavery and Nesting Swan and Black Swans at Chartwell by William Nicholson. 14 Jul 2007 www.telegraph.co.uk: in 2007, Churchill’s Chartwell Landscape with Sheep, originally presented to Henry Luce, became the first of his paintings to sell for £1 million. In December 2014 a buyer paid £1.8 million for The Goldfish Pond at Chartwell, one of the paintings from the estate of Lady Soames sold at auction by Sotheby’s.

  11. 27 Jun 1952 N. Brook memo to J. Colville, memo of conversation with A. Moir, CHUR 4/41/316, 317–9.

  12. 24 Sep 1968 Calendars of The Grants of Probate & Letters of Administration, OxfordDNB.com. Randolph left £70,000 before estate duty.

  13. 28 May 1971 J. Colville ltr to B. Trend, NA LCO 67/50.

  14. 19 Jul, 8 Sep 1971 B. Trend corresp with J. Colville, ibid.

  15. 17 May 1990 P. Andrews ltr to M. Phippard, NA TS 27/1584.

  16. 27 Mar 1991, N. Tebbit ltr and enclosure to J. Major, NA LCO 67/50.

  17. 13 May, 12 Aug 1991 R. Butler memo to J. Major, P. Andrews ltr to Y. Woodbridge, ibid.

  18. 25 Jul 1991 M. Hart QC and W. Charles opinion, NA LCO 67/50.

  Index

  Adler, Julius 336, 338, 367–8, 369

  Aitken, Max (Lord Beaverbrook) 113, 140, 141, 143, 160, 161, 239, 252, 266, 367, 373, 377, 384, 389, 399

  Alber, Louis 203, 206, 208, 212

  Allen, Gordon 343

  American Civil War 14

  Amery, Leo 271

  Anne, Queen 16, 17, 18

  Anning, Annette 68, 81

  aristocracy 2, 13, 15, 229

  and impact of First World War 119, 120

  Ashley, Maurice 208, 212, 277

  Asquith, Herbert 75, 85, 86, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98, 107, 108, 110, 111, 113, 115, 431

  Astor, William Waldorf 37

  Attlee, Clement 286, 316, 324, 329, 330, 362, 365, 366, 370, 431

  Austria, invasion of 262

  Bailey, Abraham (‘Abe’) 70, 97, 114, 116, 124, 126, 191, 200, 220, 224

  Baldwin, Stanley 3, 146, 157, 159, 160, 161, 162, 169, 171, 173, 180, 201, 209, 224, 235, 236, 239, 242, 247, 248, 255, 431

  Balfour, Arthur J. 43, 74, 431

  Balmoral 98

  banks 79

  Baring 94

  Cox & Co. 40, 41, 77, 78, 95, 97, 99, 104, 105, 110, 111, 116, 117, 118, 121, 124, 127, 132, 136, 152, 153

  Kleinwort 52

  Lloyds Bank 9, 152, 153, 165, 168, 183, 200, 211, 221, 240, 247, 255, 256, 261, 340

  National City Bank of New York 211

  Schroder 52

  Baring, Hugo 52

  Baruch, Bernard 181, 182, 183, 191, 192, 193, 194, 197, 200, 209, 212, 213, 219, 224, 229, 237, 247, 248, 257, 261, 262, 348, 386

  Beaverbrook, Lord 140, 141, 143, 160, 161, 239, 252, 266

  Beckett, Ernest 69

  Beit, Alfred 28–29, 30

  Belgium, and Germany 152, 287

  Beresford, William 41

  Bernau, William 118, 121, 124, 125, 126, 131, 132, 134, 136, 145, 147, 153, 164, 173, 184, 196, 197, 206, 210, 221

  Berry, Michael 356, 382

  Berry, Williams (Lord Camrose) 180–1, 226, 266, 267, 286, 297, 308, 309, 312, 313, 314, 317, 320, 322, 326, 327, 329, 333–5, 336–7, 338, 339, 342, 343, 347, 350, 356, 360, 368, 369, 373, 375, 376, 378

  Blackwood, William 225, 228

  Blake, George 196, 197

  Blenheim Palace and estate 12, 18–20, 26–7, 80, 94, 329

  birth of Winston Churchill 24

  marriage proposal, Winston and Clementine 87

  Blood, Bindon 41, 42

  Blunt, Wilfrid Scawen 86, 89, 92, 96, 117

  Boer War 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 114

  Bolshevism 120, 125, 202

  Bonar Law, Andrew 115, 146

  Boothby, Robert (‘Bob’) 172, 212, 350

  Borthwick, Oliver 29

  Brabazon, Colonel John 37, 68

  Bracken, Brendan 9, 159, 160, 204–5, 207, 212, 222, 262, 263, 284, 285, 287, 291, 292, 295, 296, 306, 307, 311, 312, 318, 326, 329, 337, 344, 366, 367, 377, 378, 379, 388, 392

  Bridgeman, William 151, 431

  Bridges, Edward 318, 330

  Brook, Norman 346, 371

  Brown, Capability 20

  Bulgaria, First World War 108

  Buller, Redvers 59

  Bullock, Alan 285, 432

  Butterworth, Thornton 127, 128, 142, 150, 154, 161, 165, 171, 174, 175, 177, 178, 179, 186, 198, 199, 201, 205, 207, 254, 290, 291–2

  Caird, James 95, 99, 100

  Campbell-Bannerman, Henry 74, 75, 85, 432

  Campbell, Beatrice (née Tanner) 101, 102

  Camry, Gerald 294

  Capell, Adele (née Grant) (countess of Essex) 140

  Carlton Club 65, 72, 146

  Carr, Emsley 239

  Carson, Edward 100

  Cassel, Ernest 32, 38, 52, 55, 58, 65, 66, 69, 70, 78, 79, 90, 97, 107, 110, 112, 124, 155, 156, 157

  Cassell & Co. 215, 216, 218, 219, 226, 288, 289, 293, 297, 300–1, 302, 308, 310, 312, 322, 329, 339, 348–9, 352, 357, 363, 373, 377, 378, 381

  Catto, Lord 320

  Cazalet, Victor 153, 432

  Chamberlain, Austen 129, 136, 176, 252, 253, 432

  Chamberlain, Joseph 71, 77

  Chamberlain, Neville 3, 60, 187, 252, 253, 255, 261, 267, 270, 271, 272, 276, 277, 281, 285, 287, 432

  Chanel, Coco 173, 384

  Chaplin, Charlie 190

  charities 95, 128, 332, 379

  Charles Scribner’s Sons 74, 128, 171, 179, 180, 202, 204

  see also Scribner III, Charles

  Chenery, William 181, 191, 199, 239, 334

  Churchill v. Churchill 105

  Churchill, Clarissa (neice) 292

  Churchill, Clementine (née Hozier) (wife) 86, 92, 98, 143, 144, 172, 230, 233, 272, 379

  Chartwell 137, 161, 168, 250, 258, 351, 406

  children 119, 122, 140, 146, 211, 240, 341

  birth of 92, 97, 108, 145

  death of Marigold 138–9

  trusts for 138, 166, 327–9, 337, 340, 351, 353, 361, 366, 369, 372, 397, 405

  and Winston Churchill 86–87, 341, 405, 406

  gambling worries 140, 143, 153, 158, 230, 273, 352, 357

  the couple’s finances 3, 92, 104, 105, 107, 109, 110, 112, 113, 115, 117, 130, 131, 134, 141, 143, 158, 171–2, 186, 236, 240, 250, 255, 402

  health 140, 184, 398, 401, 407

  Lord Randolph’s will trust 89

  marriage 89–90

  marriage settlement 88, 89, 139

  travels with 96, 104, 148, 209, 211, 217, 231, 326, 346, 381, 384–5, 393, 396

&n
bsp; will 351

  Churchill, Diana (daughter) 92, 122, 140, 220, 244, 401

  Churchill, Gwendoline (‘Goonie’) (née Bertie) (sister-in-law) 83, 110, 112

  Churchill, Henrietta (ancestor 1681–1733) 19

  Churchill, Jennie (née Jerome) (mother)

  childhood 11–12, 13, 14, 15

  and Clementine Churchill 86, 87, 91

  and George Cornwall-West 57, 63, 78, 79

  separation from 101, 102

  and Montagu Porch (3rd husband) 135

  death 135

  death of husband 34, 35

  debts 62, 63, 103, 135

  expenditure 23, 24, 37, 38, 40, 48, 50, 69, 84, 103, 112, 135

  engagement to Randolph Churchill 12

  financial reorganization 44–45, 103

  income 22–3, 25, 26, 28, 36, 37, 50, 54, 101, 102, 103, 135

  influence in society 44

  insurance policies 101, 102

  loans 25, 41, 45, 46, 54, 68, 71, 103

  Lord Randolph’s will trust 85

  marriage 21–23, 57, 63, 135

  servants, Bessie 133

  and Winston Churchill 24, 30, 31–2, 33, 37, 38, 40, 42, 43, 44, 75, 76, 79, 81, 101, 102

  writing, plays 101

  Churchill, John (1st duke of Marlborough) 16–18, 178, 234, 353

  Churchill, John (‘Jack’) (brother) 25, 28, 33, 34, 68, 182, 185, 342

  allowance 53, 55, 65, 103–4

  career 52, 59, 83, 85, 119, 124, 141, 340

  correspondence with Winston Churchill 82, 83–4

  First World War 109, 114

  and Lady Gwendoline 83, 84, 87, 88

  Lord Randolph’s will trust 36, 46, 48, 84, 85, 103, 105, 109, 146

  marriage 87, 88

  and his mother, Jennie Churchill 71, 101, 102, 103–4

  and his nephew, Randolph 208

  and Winston Churchill’s finances 32, 78, 145, 146, 148, 151, 152, 157, 164, 168, 169, 199, 202, 206, 208, 213, 340–1

  Churchill, John (nephew) 182, 185

  Churchill, Marigold (daughter) 119, 138–9

  Churchill, Mary (daughter) 1, 2, 145, 146, 153, 166, 172, 202, 240, 341, 351, 389, 406

  Churchill, Lord Randolph (father, 8th duke of Marlborough)

  Africa 28–30, 31, 35

  borrowing 23, 25, 29, 33, 35, 63

  death 34

  education 12

  gambling 24, 28, 30

  health 26, 28, 32, 33, 34

  income 12, 24, 25, 27, 28, 30, 33

  inheritance 26

  marriage 11–12, 21–3

  politics 21, 25, 27, 33

  stocks and shares 28–29, 30, 35

  will 2, 35–6, 45, 48, 68, 83–4, 85

  and Winston Churchill 31, 32, 33, 34

  Churchill, Randolph (son) 97, 110, 122, 140, 172, 182, 185, 188, 227, 240, 241, 245, 300, 319, 329, 351, 361, 369, 385, 397

  debts 207, 220, 275

  gambling 208, 230, 231, 244, 268

  Churchill, Sarah (daughter) 108, 145, 244–5, 248, 249, 326, 346, 361, 392, 401

  Churchill, Winston (ancestor 1620–88) 16

  Churchill, Winston

  archives 1, 2

  Boer War 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 63, 362

  Churchill’s capture and escape 59, 62

  cars 98, 137, 138, 139, 148, 212

  clubs 65, 67, 72, 73, 226, 265, 266, 271, 376

  correspondence 1, 51, 53 , 54, 56

  with Clementine 104, 105, 109, 110, 113, 131, 132, 137, 139, 140, 141, 143, 151, 157, 159, 160, 161, 171, 175, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 230, 233, 235, 241, 249, 250, 260, 272, 274, 365, 369

  with his father 34

  with Jack (brother) 49, 63, 82, 83, 84, 109, 114, 151, 152, 153, 167

  with his mother 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47–8, 49, 50, 51, 54, 55, 61–62, 65–6, 68, 71, 78, 79, 81, 82–83, 101, 102

  death 404

  health 4, 71, 209–11, 217, 219, 306, 307, 352, 359, 372, 376–7, 392, 398, 400, 401, 402

  military

  4th Hussars 37, 38–9, 41

  21st Lancers 53, 54

  First World War 111–14

  Grenadier Guards 113

  leaving the 57

  Queen’s Own Oxfordshire Hussars 111

  Royal Military Academy 32–3

  Royal Scots Fusiliers 113

  South African Light Horse 59

  money

  allowance 32–4, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 63, 65, 66, 68, 103

  bank accounts 31, 99, 100, 109, 114, 115, 142, 315, 349, 353, 357, 361, 373, 378, 379, 391

  dollar bank account 211, 212, 213

  overdrawn 183, 376

  benefactors 1–2, 4, 9, 58, 64, 69, 72, 76, 112, 124, 194, 263–5, 378–9

  Boer War, impact on finances 62

  and Cornwallis-West, George 79, 101

  debts 32, 49, 64, 78, 91, 104, 105, 118, 124, 136, 141, 180, 224, 237, 251, 262

  clearing Bill Hozier’s debt 134

  paying debts 1, 5, 40, 51, 67, 107, 116, 131, 143, 172, 229, 260, 284, 289

  economy drives 167, 171, 221, 250, 251, 258, 260, 272, 375

  expenditure, household 112, 124, 125, 134, 137, 142, 145, 206, 240, 250, 397

  staff 76, 98, 99, 100, 133, 140, 148, 250, 258, 373, 389, 392

  property 1, 9, 76, 91, 92, 117, 121, 321, 341, 349, 366–7

  Chartwell 3, 145, 146, 150, 154, 155, 158–63, 165–8, 174, 199, 258

  Chartwell farms 117, 341–2, 349, 351, 353, 361, 374–5, 389, 402

  expenditure, personal 67, 69, 71, 77, 97, 180

  art 110

  books 76, 78

  cigars 67, 91, 97, 108, 172, 250, 255, 320

  cars 98, 137, 138, 139, 148

  Clementine 92, 93, 250

  clothing 67, 96, 97, 112

  drinks, including wine and champagne 67, 91, 97, 105, 108, 112, 171, 240, 241, 250, 251, 258, 260, 284, 292–3, 320, 347, 357

  food 112, 171

  gambling 150, 153

  losses 1, 3, 4, 140, 141, 143, 153, 158, 173, 207, 220, 230, 237, 244, 254, 300, 352, 353

  gains 78, 153, 160, 273, 358

  holidays 104, 140–1, 238, 345–7, 349

  horses 97, 38–9, 67, 73, 357–8, 375, 382–3, 398–400

  travel 81, 83, 95, 98, 133, 134

  expenditure, work 73, 109, 94–5, 98

  writing 214, 215, 218, 228, 244, 274, 284, 310, 366, 374, 388

  **expenditure, yearly 140, 206–7, 220, 233, 260, 272, 320, 331, 371, 373, 375, 389, 392, 397

  financial advisor see Cassel, Sir Ernest

  fixer 9, 284

  forecasts, financial 206, 229, 230, 233, 237, 256, 257, 260, 397

  funerals 139

  income from work

  books 44, 51, 55, 61, 62, 63, 71, 73, 74, 75, 93, 127, 128, 108, 125, 145, 154, 161, 170–1, 173, 174, 175, 180–1, 183, 184, 185, 186, 197–8, 201, 209, 216, 219, 224, 226, 230, 243, 254, 259, 268, 276, 284, 288, 293, 301, 340, 352, 367, 368, 372, 389, 398

  directorships 201, 259

  films 5, 227, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235–6, 259, 268, 294, 306, 315, 321–2, 387, 391–2, 395, 397, 398, 400, 401

  journalism 38, 42, 53, 54, 58, 63, 71, 81, 114, 116, 118, 130, 160, 164, 166, 181, 184, 186, 191, 196–7, 203, 207, 210, 215, 218, 223, 232, 234, 241, 242–3, 244, 245, 252, 253, 267, 275, 277, 282, 289–90, 293, 342

  lecturing 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 181, 201, 203, 205, 211–12, 260, 269

  lobbying 157, 159

  salary

  military 37, 40, 41, 100, 112, 113

  political 77, 85–86, 96, 97, 100, 109, 112, 114, 116, 121, 164, 167, 180, 282, 288, 317, 371

  speeches 184, 185, 191, 246, 259, 268, 275, 278, 302, 324–5, 327, 331, 334, 355, 394, 402

  income from paintings 319, 331, 344–5, 354, 355, 360, 397, 402

  income from property 81, 82, 109, 121, 122, 164, 232, 255, 341

  inheritance 16–21, 30, 45, 51, 69, 105, 135, 139, 164, 165, 167, 168, 171

  Garron Tower
estate, Ireland 3, 80, 88, 91, 130, 131, 132, 134, 137, 163, 232, 255, 256–7, 258, 261, 351

  Lord Randolph Churchill’s will trust 2, 35–6, 45, 46, 47, 48, 68, 83–4, 85, 103, 105, 115, 117, 122, 123, 125, 146, 147, 163, 220, 274

  income, yearly 158, 220, 233, 272, 361

  insurance 88, 89, 105, 107, 110, 111, 118, 125, 199, 205–6, 210, 261

  interest 112, 114, 117, 138, 199, 262, 282, 288

  investments 65, 77–8, 88, 109, 150, 151, 152, 184, 192, 219, 249, 324, 376, 401

  bonds 142, 157, 212, 213, 324, 340, 344, 389

  buying 75, 114, 117, 124, 134, 142, 186, 187, 189, 191, 192, 193, 197, 213, 219, 224, 324, 341, 344, 349, 361, 389

  conflict with politics 129, 141

  Garron Tower estate 132

  losses on the stock market 197, 201, 205, 220, 229, 237, 257–8, 261, 350, 396–7

  Wall Street Crash 192–6

  selling 78, 91, 97, 118, 121, 146, 152, 164, 167, 191, 192, 213, 214, 221, 222, 224, 237, 238, 340, 396

  underwriting 158

  value of 65, 124, 125, 126, 141, 173, 190, 213, 223, 229, 262, 396

  land ownership 3, 131

  loans 31, 41, 42, 43, 51, 53, 55, 64, 65, 68, 69, 78, 91, 95, 97, 104, 105, 111, 112, 115, 116, 117, 118, 125, 131, 133, 136, 137, 139, 141, 145, 147, 163, 164, 168, 169, 171, 175, 197, 200, 201, 222, 261, 341, 373, 377, 382

  repayment of 131, 143, 164, 206, 264, 294, 331, 374

  marriage 88, 89

  marriage settlement 118, 139, 145, 196

  marriage settlement, daughters 220, 249

  net worth 88, 95, 139, 331

  Nobel Prize for Literature 377

  overdrafts 9, 77, 78, 104, 109, 118, 121, 124, 131, 136, 148, 152, 164, 165, 167, 168, 174, 184, 197, 220, 224, 229, 231, 238, 249–50, 278, 284, 288, 361

  overspending as a child 31

  pension 17, 317

  pocket money 28, 31

  promissory notes 136

  rescuers 263–5, 288

  risk-taking 3–4

  taxes 1, 9, 71, 76, 96, 116, 118, 138, 161, 165, 166, 168, 170, 175, 183, 184, 203, 216, 224, 247, 255, 256, 260, 261, 282, 284, 288, 289, 293–5, 298–302, 315, 317, 319, 321, 322–3, 325, 328, 358, 371, 375, 381, 395, 403, 406

  Inland Revenue 116, 165, 169, 170, 203, 247, 301–2, 321, 345, 353–5, 361, 383, 385, 386, 406

  Wall Street Crash 3, 192–5

  personal life

  birth and early years 24, 28, 30, 31, 32

  children 145

  allowances 138

  Diana 92, 209

  Marigold 119, 138–139

  Randolph 97, 172, 182, 185, 188, 207–8, 210, 220, 229, 231, 240, 241, 244, 245, 268, 275, 300, 319, 329, 369, 385, 397

  Sarah 108, 244–5, 248, 249, 326