Bell, James H., 162
Bell, Madison, 598
Belmont, August, 334
Belmont, Tenn., 127
Bergen, N.J., 360–61
Bible, 11, 141, 162–64, 169, 171–72, 238, 243–44, 268, 278–79, 297, 309, 355, 408, 431, 474, 487, 492, 502, 510, 513–14, 535–37, 561, 568, 587, 595
Big Black, Miss., 80
Big Spring, Tenn., 74
Bingham, John, 345
Black, Jeremiah S., 95, 433
Black Codes, 2–4, 131, 151, 234, 238
Black Warrior River, 76
Blaine, James G., 400, 409, 459, 479, 490, 554, 561, 586
Blair, Francis Preston, 104; letter to Andrew Johnson, 61–70
Blair, Frank P., 104, 228, 354, 356, 506; letter to James O. Broadhead, 350–51
Blair, Montgomery, 104, 289
Blockades, 93
Booker, Mr. (of Haralson County), 422
Booth, John Wilkes, 108, 265, 626
Bossier Banner, 343
Boston, Mass., 5, 44, 373, 514, 539, 567, 570, 625
Boston Journal, 509–14, 535–39
Boston Post, 510
Boutwell, George S., 345, 348, 579, 597, 622
Bowles, William A., 265
Bradley, Joseph P., 447
Brannon, Mike, 454
Brentsville, Va., 167
Brightly, Frederick C., 415, 493
Brim, Benjamin: testimony in Colfax massacre trial, 452–55
Britain, 9–10, 87, 205, 276, 333, 504, 570, 608, 623; emancipation of slaves in West Indies, 90–91; feudalism in, 102; and French incursion in Mexico, 61, 70; legal system of, 338; and martial law, 415–17; possible recognition of Confederacy by, 69; public debt of, 100; and Revolutionary War, 231, 283, 320; rule of India, 572; and War of 1812, 45, 457; women’s rights in, 357
Broadhead, James O., 350
Broglie, Jacques-Victor de, 504
Broomall, John M., 256
Brown, Gamaliel, 604
Brown, Mac, 451
Brundage, David: letter to Ulysses S. Grant, 632–33
Bryant, William Cullen, 163
Buckland, J., 450
Buffalo Express, 376
Bullock, Rufus B., 531
Bull Run, first battle of, 538, 573
Burke, Edmund, 57, 231
Burns, Robert, 132
Butler, Benjamin F., 345–46, 485, 499, 561–62, 564–66, 585, 622
Butler, Roderick R., 492
Butler, William F., 34
Buttles, Albert, 635
C
Cabaniss, Edwin W., 599, 601–2
Cabell, Buck, 600
Cabinet (Grant administration), 592–93
Cabinet (Johnson administration), 52, 56, 65–70, 227
Cabinet (Lincoln administration), 15, 64–65
Cain, Richard Harvey: speech in Congress on Civil Rights Bill, 479–89
Caldwell, Charles, 597–605
Caldwell, Margaret Ann: testimony to Select Senate Committee, 597–605
Caldwell, Sam, 597, 599–600, 605
Calhoun, John C., 403
California, 64, 214, 358
Caligula, 401
Camden, S.C., 456
Camden & South Amboy Railroad, 245
Cameron, Simon, 21–22
Campbell, Thomas, 51
Camp Morton (Union prisoner of war camp), 263
Canada, 102, 273
Canby, Edward R. S., 381–82
Capitalists, 38, 83, 89, 100, 148, 185, 193, 223, 299, 355, 511, 515, 517, 617, 643–44, 656
Capital punishment, 240
Cardozo, Francis L., 491–92
Carpet-baggers, 350–51, 512, 581, 589, 595, 613, 624, 648
Carter, George, 75
Carter, Jasper, 419–21, 424
Carter, John, 454
Carter, Maria: testimony to Joint Select Committee, 419–24
Casey, James F., 624
Cash, Mr. (Memphis rioter), 253
Caswell County, N.C., 385–86
Catholics, 355, 629
Cazabat, Mr. (Colfax massacre participant), 544
Cedar Creek, Va., 529
Celts, 10
Census of 1870, 532
Chamberlain, Daniel H., 619, 637, 658–61
Chandler, Daniel T., 111–12
Chandler, Maria F.: letter to Thaddeus Stevens, 229–30
Chandler, Zachariah, 621
Charlemagne, 105
Charles I, 320
Charles II, 416
Charles X, 320
Charleston, S.C., 28, 41, 43, 132, 141, 158, 162, 481, 517–18
Charlotte, N.C., 142
Chase, Salmon P., 15, 64, 284–85, 330–31, 353, 417–18; letter to Andrew Johnson, 28–31
Chatham County, N.C., 386
Chattanooga, Tenn., 264, 555
Chesterfield, Earl of (Philip Stanhope), 504
Chicago, Ill., 264, 288, 643
Chicago Tribune, 642–44
Chickasaws, 616
Chilton, Mr. (Clinton shopkeeper), 598–99, 601
China, 299
Chinese Americans, 64, 214, 650
Christianity, 34, 46, 73, 117, 129, 265, 315, 334, 336, 492, 494, 544, 572
Cincinnati, Ohio, 366, 425, 433, 641
Cincinnati Commercial, 74
Citizenship, 1, 142, 169, 303–4, 383, 390, 464–65, 471, 509, 582; defined in Fourteenth Amendment, 258; federal, 214, 300, 466; and former Confederates, 19–20, 394; for freedmen, 11–12, 24, 28, 30, 90, 108, 110, 118, 125, 131–32, 148, 215–16, 315, 379, 392, 405, 412, 428, 434, 440–41, 463, 466–67, 497, 501, 524, 561, 563, 584, 587, 609–10, 657; for Indians, 371; state, 214, 300, 466–67, 473; and women, 357, 362
Civil rights, 142, 147, 214, 226, 231–34, 315, 425–26, 458–59, 494, 508–9, 606, 620, 628–30; for freedmen, 3–4, 8, 12, 90, 108, 148–50, 156, 160, 170, 189, 215–16, 224, 237, 251, 267, 291, 300, 303, 319, 377, 405, 412, 428, 440–41, 489, 491, 502, 553–54, 559, 563, 580, 582, 607, 610, 619, 645
Civil Rights Bill (later Act, 1866), 4, 214–24, 225, 232, 291, 294, 319
Civil Rights Bill (later Act, 1875), 446, 456–74, 479–508, 553–88
Civil service, 366, 426, 442, 533, 625, 634
Civil War, 1, 6, 8, 10–11, 13–14, 19–21, 23–24, 44–45, 48, 51, 57, 59, 61, 63–64, 66–67, 81–82, 84, 92–95, 98–99, 101, 105–6, 110–12, 117–18, 120, 123, 125, 132–35, 140, 142, 145–49, 152, 155–56, 158–59, 163–64, 170, 174–75, 182, 188, 191, 199–200, 202–4, 209, 228, 231, 233, 235, 244–45, 249–51, 258–69, 276, 294–96, 298–99, 302–6, 308, 314, 323–26, 329, 332, 352, 354–56, 359, 362, 365, 369–70, 376, 378–79, 392, 394–95, 397–98, 401, 407, 411, 415, 418, 425, 430, 436, 438, 440, 443, 462–63, 470, 474–75, 479–81, 489, 498–501, 507, 515–17, 519, 535, 538, 567–69, 573–75, 587, 606–7, 610, 612, 621, 624, 627–28, 630, 633, 636–37, 646, 655–56
Clark, Jerome (“Sue Mundy”), 265
Clay, Clement, 111
Clay, Henry, 28, 296
Clemenceau, Georges: letters to Le Temps, 108–12, 377–78
Cleveland, Ohio, 289, 335
Clinton, Miss., 595–605
Cobb, Howell, 142, 355
Cockburn, Alexander, 416
Cole, George W., 361
Cole, Mary Barto, 361
Colfax, La., 445, 449–55, 543–44
Colfax, Schuyler, 259, 301, 337, 356, 364
Colonization (emigration), 27, 63, 104, 178, 180, 486–87
Colored Orphan Asylum (New York City), 265
Colored State Convention (South Carolina), 129–32
Colston, Mr., 162
Columbia, S.C., 36, 142, 151, 435, 658
Columbia Daily Union, 396–97
Columbus, Ohio, 635
Columbus Herald, 634
Columbus Sunday Morning News, 634
Commerce, 370–71, 440–42, 515, 517, 570–71, 624, 644, 648–49
Compton, Dr. (Colfax massacre participant), 450
Concord, Mass., 624–25
Confederacy, 1, 3–4, 11, 30, 51, 69, 92–94, 99, 101–2, 106, 303–5, 341, 471, 501, 608, 612–13, 647
Confederate debt, 571
Congo, 439
Congress, U.S., 3–4, 19, 27, 44–45, 50, 52, 55, 57, 61, 63–68, 90, 95–97, 102–4, 106, 108, 110, 122, 134–35, 138–39, 152, 158, 174–75, 200, 203–4, 206, 225–29, 233–34, 261, 264, 276–78, 280–83, 285–86, 288–94, 296–300, 313–15, 321, 325, 327, 350–51, 357–58, 366, 369, 381, 389–90, 426, 434, 442, 445–47, 477, 525, 538–39, 591, 610, 636–37; and amnesty, 394–99; apportionment, 115–16, 226, 233, 258, 306, 308; Carl Schurz’s speech on Louisiana in, 526–34; Charles Eldredge’s speech on Civil Rights Bill in, 574–85; Civil Rights Bill (later Act, 1866), 4, 214–25, 232, 291, 294, 319; Civil Rights Bill (later Act, 1875), 446, 456–74, 479–508, 553–88; and election of 1876, 447, 639–42, 644; Enforcement Bill (later Act), 366, 400–418, 623; and Fifteenth Amendment, 364, 383–84; former Confederates as delegates in, 59–60, 64, 259, 266, 310; and Fourteenth Amendment, 235–41, 258–59; Freedmen’s Bureau Act (1865), 182, 194; Freedmen’s Bureau Bill (1866), 3–4, 181, 188–97, 294, 319; Fugitive Slave Law, 237, 536; and Hinds County riot, 597–605; impeachment of President Johnson, 227, 318–20, 329–42, 344–49; James Garfield’s speech on Civil Rights Bill in, 586–88; James Garfield’s speech on Enforcement Bill in, 409–18; James Rapier’s speech on Civil Rights Bill in, 490–508; John Lynch’s speech on Civil Rights Bill in, 553–60; John Lynch’s speech on Mississippi in, 611–18; Joseph Rainey’s speech on Enforcement Bill in, 400–408; Joseph Rainey’s speech on South Carolina elections in, 658–61; and Memphis riot, 253–57; Military Reconstruction Acts, 226–27, 301, 319, 496; and murder of John Walthall, 419–24; President Grant’s 1874 annual message to, 520–24; President Grant’s message on Fifteenth Amendment to, 383–84; President Grant’s message on Louisiana to, 540–42; President Lincoln’s 1863 message to, 14–15; Richard Cain’s speech on Civil Rights Bill in, 479–89; Robert Elliott’s speech on Civil Rights Bill in, 456–74; Tenure of Office Act, 227, 334, 338–41, 346–47; Thaddeus Stevens’s speech on Fourteenth Amendment in, 235–41; Thaddeus Stevens’s speech on impeachment in, 337–42; Thaddeus Stevens’s speech on reconstruction in, 301–12; and Thirteenth Amendment, 17, 183; Thomas Whitehead’s speech on Civil Rights Bill in, 561–73
Congressional Globe, 396
Connecticut, 108–9, 123, 143, 146, 169, 456
Conscription, 11, 21–22, 250, 262, 626
Conservatism, 231–34, 321–23
Constitution, Arkansas, 522
Constitution, Connecticut, 109–10
Constitution, French, 458
Constitution, Kansas, 359
Constitution, Kentucky, 497
Constitution, Louisiana, 15, 17, 225, 270, 272–74, 277, 343
Constitution, Massachusetts, 108, 468, 497
Constitution, Mississippi, 77–78
Constitution, New Hampshire, 108
Constitution, New York, 109
Constitution, North Carolina, 29, 315–16
Constitution, Pennsylvania, 293
Constitution, South Carolina, 131, 466
Constitution, Tennessee, 195
Constitution, Texas, 133–34
Constitution, U.S., 9, 11, 45, 50–52, 56–57, 62–64, 66–67, 69, 71–72, 90, 92, 94–96, 98, 106, 130, 198–204, 209–12, 233, 273, 298, 302, 305, 336, 350–51, 369, 383, 390, 404–6, 411–12, 414, 426, 441, 456, 484, 496–97, 534, 558, 562, 569, 582, 618, 620, 640; amendments to, 205, 208, 238–39, 309, 357, 373, 458; and citizenship, 300; and Civil Rights Bill (1866), 214–15, 219–21, 224, 262, 266–67, 274, 277, 281–83, 286–87, 290; congressional powers, 306–8, 384, 413, 457; and Freedmen’s Bureau Bill, 188–97; and impeachment of President Johnson, 318–20, 330–31, 337–42, 344; and maintenance of law and order, 520–21, 526–29, 542, 545, 550–51, 591, 593–94; and martial law, 417–18; presidential powers, 306–8, 520–21, 542, 545, 550–51, 591, 593–94; and republican form of government, 527; and secession, 93, 101, 134; and slavery, 105, 115, 473; and states’ rights, 61, 78; and woman suffrage, 357, 373. See also Fifteenth Amendment; Fourteenth Amendment; Thirteenth Amendment
Constitution, Virginia, 327, 570–71
Constitutions, state, 15, 17, 29, 47, 50–52, 55, 59, 96, 108–110, 226, 293, 309, 327, 365, 466, 556. See also individual state constitutions
Contraband, slaves as, 311
Contracts, and freedmen, 4, 35–36, 38, 43, 88–89, 165–66, 183
Cook, James, 167–68
Coomassie (Kumasi), 622
Cooper Institute, 428
Copperheads, 56, 78, 106–8, 238, 251, 268, 275, 291, 304, 308, 310
Corfield v. Coryell, 493
Cornell, Alonzo B., 621
Cornwell, John, 167
Corruption, 333, 346, 348, 366, 445, 476, 478, 623, 625, 649, 659–60
Cotton, 41, 76, 84, 486, 570–71, 648–49
Cotton Bureau, Mississippi, 82
Cotuit, Mass., 56
Courts: federal, 190, 197, 219–22, 366, 389, 445, 540–43, 563; southern, 3–4, 29, 49, 71–72, 79, 81–82, 131–32, 134, 149, 182–84, 315, 317, 403, 405, 414, 462, 496, 555, 564–66, 646; state, 193, 218–21, 262, 389, 555, 563–66. See also Supreme Court, U.S.
Coushatta, La., 509, 517, 544
Covington, Ky., 127
Cox, Samuel S., 489, 615
Coyle, John F., 331
Crawford, T. S., 544
Crédit Mobilier, 476, 649
Creighton, John, 248
Critchfield, Leander J., 635
Croly, David G., 375
Cruikshank, William, 449–52
Cuba, 649
Curtis, Benjamin R., 345
Curtis, George Ticknor, 338
Cushing, Caleb, 477
Cushman, Edwin C., 623
D
Dana, Napoleon, 82
Dana, Richard Henry, 3; speech at Boston, 44–55, 63
Darwin, Charles, 377–78
Davidson, John W., 86
Davis, David, 416–17, 447
Davis, Jefferson, 8, 94, 111–12, 139, 204, 267, 284–85, 313, 332, 430, 500, 537, 655
Dawes, Henry L., 467, 622
Dayton, Ohio, 74–75
Declaration of Independence, 56, 96, 129, 132, 172, 229, 235, 238, 272, 383, 484, 558, 627
Delaware, 648
Democracy, 32, 104, 316, 335, 365–66, 437
Democratic Party, 67, 227, 321, 378, 609, 618, 636, 655; during Civil War, 261–64, 267–69, 621, 626–27; in Congress, 64, 68, 226, 261, 308, 505, 554, 559, 637; as Copperheads, 56, 78, 106–8, 238, 251, 268, 275, 291, 304, 308, 310; and election of 1865, 66, 68; and election of 1867, 275; and election of 1868, 350–56; and election of 1872, 366, 396, 430–34; and election of 1874, 445; and election of 1876, 446–47, 623, 632–35, 638–40; and freedmen, 405, 506, 533–34, 538, 604, 617; and presidency of Abraham Lincoln, 56, 64, 66, 627; and presidency of Andrew Johnson, 66, 108, 113, 275, 332–34; in the North, 226, 228, 251, 261, 266, 275, 308, 332–33, 401, 510, 517, 537–39, 630; Oliver Morton’s attack on, 260–69; Robert Ingersoll’s attack on, 626–31; in the South, 266, 310, 332–33, 336, 355, 365, 396, 406, 445–47, 496, 506, 518, 532, 538, 546, 548, 604, 613, 615, 639, 645, 658–61; and woman suffrage, 357
Democratic Republican Party, 67
Demopolis, Ala., 76
Dennison, William, 635
Dickens, Charles, 566
Dickerson, Fayette, 254
Dickey, Sarah A.: letter to Ulysses S. Grant, 595–96
Dionysius the Tyrant, 108
Discrimination, 216–17, 226, 238, 243–45, 447, 464–67, 472–74, 491–93, 495, 506–7, 554–55, 558, 562–63
District of Columbia. See Washington, D.C.
Dodd, Harrison H., 265
Dodge, George S., 28
Doolittle, James R., 289, 291
Dorr Rebellion, 106
Douglas, Stephen A., 335
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br /> Douglass, Frederick, 3, 507; exchange with Andrew Johnson, 169–80; exchange with Susan B. Anthony on suffrage, 372–75; “Reconstruction,” 294–300; speech at New York City, 428–34; “What the Black Man Wants,” 5–13; “The Work Before Us,” 352–56
Douglass, Margaret Crittenden, 482
Downing, George T., 169–70, 175–77
Draco, 536
Draft riots, 265–66, 538, 627
Drake, Charles D., 284
Dred Scott decision, 244, 365, 383
Dudley, Nathan A. M., 127–28
Durell, Edward H., 530, 542, 624
E
Edgefield County, S.C., 637–38
Edisto Island, S.C., 125–26
Education, 143–44, 192, 226, 335, 383–84, 446, 469; for freedmen, 3, 7, 12, 17, 39, 75, 89, 131–32, 165, 182, 191, 315, 317, 343, 377–78, 403, 441, 480–84, 496, 505, 556–59, 577, 650; for Indians, 442; for women, 229–30, 243
Edwards, Miss., 602
Eilbech, Mr., 162
Eldredge, Charles: speech in Congress on Civil Rights Bill, 574–85
Election of 1860 (presidential), 515, 646
Election of 1864 (presidential), 64–65, 68
Election of 1865 (state), 108–9, 146
Election of 1866 (congressional), 65–68, 226, 234, 260, 275, 345
Election of 1867 (state), 227, 234, 362
Election of 1868 (presidential), 227–238, 322, 327–28, 331, 334, 344, 350–56, 365, 443, 505–6, 516–17, 540, 579
Election of 1870 (congressional), 240, 391
Election of 1872 (presidential), 366–67, 425–34, 443, 506, 520, 540, 550, 639
Election of 1874 (congressional), 445, 511, 521, 532, 545–47
Election of 1875 (state), 446, 512, 589–90
Election of 1876 (presidential), 240, 446–47, 519, 538, 621–44, 656
Election of 1878 (congressional), 658–59
Electoral College, 226, 447, 634, 657
Electoral Commission, 447
Elliott, Robert Brown, 366; exchange with Horace Greeley on amnesty, 394–99; speech in Congress on Civil Rights Bill, 456–74
Ellis, Ezekiel J., 659
Ellison, Hilliard, 396–97
Emancipation of slaves, 1–4, 15, 24, 26, 46–48, 50, 87–88, 102, 104, 133, 156, 194, 279–80, 300, 366, 379–80, 436, 438, 440, 472, 480, 484–85, 515, 570, 575–76, 584, 607, 610, 624. See also Abolition of slavery
Emancipation Proclamation, 5, 14–15, 37, 46–47, 57, 102, 125, 134, 150, 207, 224, 627
Emory, William H., 347
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