Reconstruction
Page 90
Enforcement Bill (later Act), 366, 400–418, 623
English immigrants, 484
Equality, 1, 61–64, 66, 87, 117, 163, 216, 308, 320, 487; of rights before the law, 43, 104, 133–34, 169, 172, 180, 225–26, 229, 231–34, 238–39, 266, 272, 291, 293, 295, 297, 310, 315, 317, 322, 343, 355, 365, 372–73, 375, 380, 414, 426, 428–29, 447–48, 459, 461, 464–67, 472–73, 479, 501, 509, 535–36, 559–61, 575–77, 581–84, 586–87, 607; social, 311, 441, 486, 508, 553–56, 585
Essex Junto, 64
Euclid, 485
Evarts, William M., 345
Evins, John H., 661
Ex parte Milligan, 265, 301–2, 416–18
F
Faneuil Hall (Boston), 44, 46, 63–64, 68–69, 429
Farnsworth, John F., 395–96, 398–99
Farragut, David G., 288, 298
Fayette County, Tenn., 127
Federal citizenship, 214, 300, 466
Federalism, 1, 55, 65, 199, 203
Federalist, The, 374, 409
Federalist Party, 269
Fenians, 273, 281
Ferguson, Champ, 265
Fessenden, William Pitt, 346–48
Feudalism, 102–3
Fifteenth Amendment, 364, 365, 371, 380, 383–84, 389, 433–34, 458, 462–65, 472, 496, 500, 507, 521, 523, 541, 582, 634
Finch, Mr. (of Haralson County), 421–22
Five Forks, battle of, 529
Flat Rock, N.C., 87
Fletcher, Thomas C., 279
Florida, 63–64, 165, 169, 522, 648; mob violence in, 518; political situation in, 446–47, 634–35, 638, 641, 656
Food rations, 184
Forney, John W., 204, 259, 289
Forrest, Nathan B., 355
Fort Donelson, 475
Fort Griswold, 456
Fort Monroe, 111
Fort Pillow, 98, 270, 481, 537
Fort Pulaski, 111
Fort Sumter, 325, 329, 397, 443, 472, 641
Fort Wagner, 24, 98
Foster, Lafayette S., 259
Fourteenth Amendment, 225–26, 235–41, 258–59, 291–92, 294, 308, 313–15, 326, 379, 397, 433–34, 458, 460–69, 472, 492–93, 496, 500, 507, 523, 582, 584, 634
Fowler, Joseph S., 346, 348
France, 8, 320, 354; constitution of, 458; incursion in Mexico, 61, 70, 251; under Napoléon III, 69, 410; recognition of Confederacy, 69; women’s rights in, 357
Franco-Prussian War, 410
Freedman, The, 165–66
Freedmen’s Bureau, 3–4, 110, 125, 160–61, 163, 166, 181–97, 221, 247, 252, 278–81, 319
Freedmen’s Bureau Act (1865), 182, 194
Freedmen’s Bureau Bill (1866), 3–4, 181, 188–97, 294, 319
Freedom, 1–3, 5–6, 9, 12, 17, 24, 27–28, 35–36, 39–40, 47–48, 71–73, 75, 84–85, 87, 102–3, 107, 118–19, 125, 132, 134, 141, 150–51, 154, 163, 169, 171–72, 179–80, 183, 191–92, 210, 215, 221, 224, 227, 231, 233, 239, 269, 286–87, 293, 303, 317, 322, 325, 353, 355, 401, 405–6, 411, 426, 429, 448, 462–64, 526, 536, 581, 607, 646, 660. See also Abolition of slavery; Emancipation of slaves
Freedom of assembly, 509
Freedom of speech, 139–40, 243, 272, 317, 354, 509, 517, 606, 658
Freedom of the press, 243, 317, 354, 509, 517
Free labor, 104, 153, 156–57, 606
Freeman, Jordan, 456
Free persons of color, 111
Free trade, 649
French immigrants, 484
French Revolution, 410
Frothingham, Octavius B., 372
Fugitive Slave Law, 237, 536
Fugitive slaves, 9, 354, 375
Fullerton, Joseph S.: letter to Andrew Johnson, 181–87
G
Galveston, Texas, 518
Garfield, James A., 366, 574, 579; speech in Congress on Civil Rights Bill, 586–88; speech in Congress on Enforcement Bill, 409–18
Garland, Augustus H., 522
Garrard County, Ky., 509
Garrison, William Lloyd, 485; letters to Boston Journal, 509–14, 535–39
George III, 231, 320
Georgia, 79, 81, 97, 250, 354, 365, 391, 439, 471, 500, 511, 522; freedmen in, 141, 147–52, 154, 165–66, 419–24, 621; Ku Klux Klan in, 423; mob violence in, 518; political situation in, 138–40, 144, 146–47, 632–33, 638; social situation in, 140–45, 148; unrest in, 531–32
German immigrants, 9, 484, 650
Gettysburg, Pa., 163
Gibson County, Tenn., 509
Giddings, Joshua R., 499
Given, Oscar, 450
Gladstone, William E., 504
Gold standard, 441, 570
Gordon, John B., 637, 650
Gorham, George C., 364
Granby, Marquess of (John Manners), 352
Grant, Ulysses S., 45, 85, 381, 388, 391, 396, 412, 414, 418, 445–47, 475–78, 506, 514, 519, 525, 527–30, 535, 537–39, 593–95, 624, 632, 655–57, 659; annual message to Congress (1874), 520–24; conversation with Abram Hewitt, 636–41; election of (1868), 227–28, 322, 356, 365, 579; election of (1872), 366–67, 432–34; First Inaugural Address, 369–71; interview with New York Times, 249–51; letter to Andrew Johnson, 158–61; letter to Daniel Chamberlain, 619–20; letter to Edwards Pierrepont, 591–92; message to Congress on Fifteenth Amendment, 383–84; message to Congress on Louisiana, 540–52; Second Inaugural Address, 440–43; as U.S. Army general, 14, 226, 246, 249–51, 264, 267, 270, 288, 298, 330–31, 339–41, 355, 636
Grant Parish, La., 449, 452, 517
Granvelle, Antoine Perrenot de, 355
Greece, ancient, 303–4, 409, 645
Greeley, Horace, 109, 346, 366, 432–34, 506, 607–8; exchange with Robert Brown Elliott on amnesty, 394–99; reply to committee of Liberal Republican Convention, 425–27
Green, John, 449
Greene, Nathanael, 456
Greensboro, N.C., 385
Greenville, N.C., 336
Greenville & Columbia Railroad, 392
Grimes, James W., 346, 348
Groesbeck, William S., 345
Grotius, Hugo, 101
Groton, Conn., 456
Guilford, N.C., 315–17
Gypsies, 214
H
Habeas corpus, writ of, 366, 381, 414–16, 418
Habeas Corpus Act (Britain, 1679), 415
Hackleman, Pleasant A., 267
Hadnot, John, and sons, 449–50, 452, 544
Haffa, William P., 605
Haiti, 62, 441, 507, 536
Halleck, Henry W., 97, 101
Hallowell, Edward N., 244
Hamburg, S.C., 619–20, 622, 624, 630
Hamilcar, 485
Hamilton, Alexander, 374, 456, 458–59
Hamilton, Andrew J., 292; letter to Andrew Johnson, 133–37
Hamilton, Jones, 82
Hampton, Wade, 145, 355, 637, 645–46, 650, 660
Hancock, Winfield S., 331
Hancock County, Ga., 632
Hannibal, 485
Hanno, 485
Haptonstall, Abram C., 76
Haralson County, Ga., 419–24
Hardesty, Mr. (Clinton massacre participant), 604
Harper, Fenton, 242
Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins: speech at National Women’s Rights Convention, 242–45
Harper’s Weekly, 231–34, 272–75, 318–20, 515–18
Harris, John T., 471, 489
Harris, Mr. (Colfax massacre participant), 544
Harris, P. H., 544
Hartwell, Alfred S., 35, 38
Harvard University, 101
Hastings, Alfred, 604
Hastings, Warren, 329
Hatch, John P., 35, 38
Hatcher, Rachel, 254
Hautefeuille, Laurent-Basile, 97
Hawley, Joseph R., 28
Hayden, Lewis: Caste Among Masons, 162–64
Hayes, Rutherford B., 655; election of, 447, 622–25, 633–35, 638, 642–44, 656; diary of, 634–35
Hayes, W
ebb Cook, 635
Hayne, Robert Y., 436
Henderson, John B., 346, 348
Hendricks, Thomas A., 638–39
Herron, Andrew, 274
Hewitt, Abram: memorandum of conversation with Ulysses S. Grant, 636–41
Hickman, Denis, 450–51, 454
Hickman, James, 450–51
Hickman, Tom, 450–51
Hickman, William, 450–51
Hill, Benjamin H., 650
Hill, Robert A., 563
Hillman, Walter, 600, 602
Hilton Head Island, S.C., 31
Hinds County, Miss., 589–90, 597–605
Hinds County Gazette, 589–90
Hiscock, L. Harris, 361
Holden, William W., 292; letter to Ulysses S. Grant, 381–82
Holt, Joseph, 415
Hooper, Samuel, 56
Hopkins, Marcus S.: letter to James Johnson, 167–68
Hopkins, Mr. (Colfax massacre participant), 454
Horsey, Stephen, 265
Hotels, discrimination in, 466, 562–63
Houghton, L. S., 81–82
House of Representatives, U.S., 95, 188, 194–95, 203, 206, 208, 214, 224, 226, 342, 383; Democratic control regained, 445; and disputed election of 1876, 636–42, 644; and Fifteenth Amendment, 364; and Fourteenth Amendment, 258–59; impeachment of President Johnson, 227, 344–48; testimony on Memphis riot, 253–57; testimony on murder of John Walthall, 419–24. See also Congress, U.S.
Houston, John P., 76, 85
Howard, Jacob M., 326
Howard, Oliver O., 125, 160, 251, 319; correspondence with Charles C. Soule, 35–43
Howe, Julia Ward, 373
Howell, Dr. (of Somerville), 127
Hudson County, N.J., 360–61
Human rights, 57–58, 139, 142, 148–50, 239–40, 295, 458–59, 555, 580, 586, 594, 630, 660
Humphreys, Andrew, 265
Hunter, Robert M. T., 111
I
Illinois, 142, 169, 447, 628, 631, 645
Immigrants, 9–10, 39, 104, 131, 140, 157, 246, 281, 432, 484, 517, 617, 645, 648, 650, 656
Impartial suffrage, 426, 433
Impeachment, 227, 281, 318–20, 329–42, 344–49
Indentures of apprenticeship, 90–91
Independent, The, 356
India, 572
Indiana, 225, 532, 628, 650; political situation in, 260–69
Indianapolis, Ind., 260, 289, 626
Indianapolis Herald, 261
Indians, 63, 137, 214, 258, 354, 371, 400, 429, 442, 536, 602, 616
Infanticide, 360–61
Inferiority of blacks, charge of, 4, 8–10, 88–89, 122–23, 583
Ingersoll, Robert G.: speech at Indianapolis, 626–31
Inquisition, 355
Insurrections, by freedmen, 123, 127–28
Iowa, 109, 656
Ireland, 10, 232, 273, 359, 636
Irish immigrants, 9–10, 104, 246, 281, 432, 484, 571, 648, 650
Irwin, Bill, 449–50, 452, 454
Italy, 8, 623
Iuka Herald, 511–12
J
Jackson, Andrew, 11, 31, 199, 457
Jackson, Ben, 604
Jackson, Miss., 77–78, 80, 592–93, 597, 603
Jackson, Sam, 604
Jackson, Thomas J. (Stonewall), 261, 267
Jackson Clarion, 557–58
Jacobs, Harriet: letters to The Freedman, 165–66
James, Thomas, 34
James River, 249
Jefferson, Thomas, 47, 67, 286, 372, 436, 487
Jerusalem, 502
Jesus, 268, 278–79, 284
Jews, 104, 494, 502
Johnson, Andrew, 1–4, 24–25, 28, 31–34, 52–53, 56, 59, 61, 76, 78, 83, 87, 103, 105–6, 108, 110–11, 122–26, 133, 138–39, 145, 158, 163, 181, 225–27, 232, 234, 238, 243, 273–75, 289–90, 292, 297–99, 302, 304, 308, 350, 356, 369, 407, 462, 478, 636, 656; annual message to Congress (1866), 314; annual message to Congress (1867), 333, 340; exchange with Frederick Douglass, 169–80; as governor of Tennessee, 26, 206, 240; impeachment of, 318–20, 329–42, 344–49; interview with George L. Stearns, 113–16; interview with Pennsylvania delegation, 21–23; as member of U.S. Congress, 113, 115, 206; reply to black ministers, 26–27; speech at St. Louis, 276–87; speech to U.S. 1st Colored Infantry, 117–21; speech on Washington’s Birthday, 198–213; as U.S. vice president, 206–7, 305, 334–35; veto of Civil Rights Bill, 214–24; veto of Freedmen’s Bureau Bill, 188–197
Johnson, James, 167
Johnson, R. M., 34
Johnson, Samuel, 231
Johnson, Thomas, 396–97
Johnston, Amos R., 78
Johnston, Joseph E., 112, 250, 323, 500
Jones County, N.C., 385
Julian, George W., 499
Juries, and freedmen, 2, 132, 315, 317, 343, 646
Justice, 12–13, 22, 31, 57, 72, 98, 111, 131–32, 139, 141, 154, 157, 162, 170, 174, 180, 236, 239–40, 272, 299, 303, 310–11, 316, 325, 328
Justice Department, U.S., 544, 593
K
Kansas, 237, 354, 359–60, 569, 656
Kasson, John A., 638
Kearney, Philip, 267
Kellogg, William P., 516, 520, 527, 532, 540–45, 548–51, 624
Kent, James, 216, 461
Kentucky, 47, 457, 467, 471, 515, 522, 555, 568, 587, 649; constitution, 497; freedmen in, 496–97, 33–34, 446; mob violence in, 509, 512–13, 518
Key, Philip Barton, 361
Keyes, Miss (of Haralson County), 422
Kimmel, Francis M., 289
King, Frank, 255
Knights of the White Camellia, 516–17
Know Nothing Party, 281
Ku Klux Klan, 225, 366, 381–82, 385–89, 394–98, 403, 407, 412, 423, 432, 496, 506, 516–18, 538, 550, 610, 616, 632
L
Labor, 6, 27, 62–63, 159, 303, 335, 442, 571; agricultural, 35–43, 88–89, 131, 153–54, 165–66, 462, 486; and capital, 38, 89, 148, 185, 193, 223, 355, 517, 643–44; contracts for, 4, 35–36, 38, 43, 88–89, 165–66, 183; free, 104, 153, 156–57, 606; of freedmen, 2–3, 13, 35–43, 75, 84, 88–90, 104, 119, 122, 128, 131, 150–54, 156–57, 160, 165–66, 178, 180, 183, 185, 193–94, 316–17, 355, 377–78, 462, 486, 519, 533; indentures of apprenticeship, 90–91; wages for, 38, 40, 75, 84, 122, 128, 151, 165–66, 194
Lacour, Gus, 454
Lacour, Oscar, 454
Lamar, Lucius Q. C., 563, 565, 650, 655
Lambert, C. H., 167–68
Lancaster, Pa., 92, 288
Land confiscation, 2, 93, 97–99, 103–4, 106, 111, 125, 193, 225, 232, 309, 438
Landownership, 4, 30–31, 37, 48–50, 99, 104, 109, 111, 115, 125–28, 132, 186, 225, 239–40, 316
Laurens County, S.C., 391, 637–38
Law of nations, 50, 93, 100, 102, 305, 308
Lawrence, Eugene: letter to Harper’s Weekly, 515–18
Lee, Robert E., 112, 237, 250, 264, 267, 313, 323, 356, 655
Legislature, Georgia, 365, 500
Legislature, Indiana, 261–63
Legislature, Louisiana, 17, 445, 460, 527–28, 539, 547–48
Legislature, Mississippi, 78–79, 593–94
Legislature, North Carolina, 28–29, 316, 385
Legislature, South Carolina, 93, 131, 403, 435–39, 659–60
Legislature, Tennessee, 205–6, 289
Legislature, Virginia, 561
Legislatures, state, 218, 463, 493, 528–30, 534. See also individual state legislatures
Lemoine, Denis, 450–51, 454
Lemoine, Prudhomme, 450–51, 454, 455
Lenoir County, N.C., 382
Lewis, Mr. (of Colfax), 455
Lewiston Falls Journal, 249
Liberal Republicans, 366, 425–27, 432–34
Lieber, Francis, 458
Lincoln, Abraham, 19, 24, 29, 66–67, 72, 104–5, 170, 207–8, 212, 227, 232, 268, 305, 369, 407, 535, 537, 627, 639, 643; assassination of, 1, 25, 123, 163�
�64, 272, 319, 323, 626; election of (1860), 515, 646; election of (1864), 64–65, 68; Emancipation Proclamation, 5, 14, 37, 46–47, 57, 102, 125, 134, 150, 207, 224; message to Congress (1863), 14–15; speech on Reconstruction, 14–18
Little, G. L., 85
Lobbyists, 331
Local self-government, 155, 409–11, 426, 433
Logan, John A., 345–46
Long Branch, N.J., 591
Louis XIV, 410
Louisiana, 47, 63–64, 103, 460, 475–76, 522, 566, 568, 575, 623, 649; constitution, 15, 17, 225, 270, 272–74, 277, 343; freedmen in, 186, 225, 270–78, 356; mob violence in, 225, 270–78, 319, 333, 445–47, 449–55, 509, 512, 515–18, 521, 525–28, 543–45, 619; political situation in, 14–18, 285, 445, 520, 527–30, 532, 534–35, 537, 539–52, 635, 638–39, 641, 656
Louisiana 2nd (Colored) Regiment, 244
Louisville, Ky., 33, 261, 288, 506, 518, 555
Louisville Courier-Journal, 512–13
Lovejoy, Elijah P., 272
Loveless, Isaac: letter to Ulysses S. Grant, 519
Lowell, James Russell, 229
Lowell, Mr., 29
Luckey, Levi P., 592
Luther, Martin, 311–12
Luther v. Borden, 106
Lycurgus, 105
Lynch, John R.: speech in Congress on Civil Rights Bill, 553–60; speech in Congress on Mississippi, 611–18
Lynching, 376
Lyon, Nathaniel, 267
M
Macon, Ga., 141, 145
Madison, James, 286, 338, 409
Magna Carta, 406
Magruder, John B., 112
Maine, 143, 169, 249
Manassas Junction, Va., 538, 573
Manifest Destiny, 10
Manufacturing, 370, 442, 511, 513, 571, 624, 644, 648–49
Marriage: interracial, 216, 469–70; polygamous, 27; and women’s rights, 375
Marsh, George, 450, 454
Marsh, Luther P., 434
Marsh, Willy, 450, 454
Martial law, 28, 33–34, 35–37, 43, 189, 414–18
Martin, Colonel, 74
Martin, Frank, 600, 602
Martin, Mr. (of Haralson County), 423–24
Maryland, 169, 414, 522, 568, 648
Masons, 162
Massachusetts, 5, 66, 108–9, 142–43, 169, 467–69, 497, 530, 532, 567–68, 571, 624–25, 649–50
Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, 5, 12
Massachusetts 54th Infantry Regiment, 244
Matilda (of Colfax), 454
Maury, Matthew F., 112