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Pacific

Page 46

by Simon Winchester


  Opium Wars and, 225

  Pitcairn Island and, 216–20

  state of, in 1950, 31

  WW I and, 9–10

  Britannia (royal yacht), 226–29

  British Admiralty, 3

  British Columbia, 262

  British Commonwealth, 272

  British Empire, 191, 252

  British High Commissioner, 213

  British Indian Army, 203, 205

  British Royal Air Force, 195

  British Royal Navy, 371, 393n

  British Solomon Islands Protectorate, 214

  British Virgin Islands, 224n

  Brooke, Rupert, 6

  Brookhaven laboratories, 73

  Brookings Institution, 419

  Broome, Australia, 299

  Brown, Bruce, 144

  Brown, H. Broomfield, 371–72

  Brunei, 212, 394, 394

  Bucher, Lloyd “Pete,” 158–69, 168, 173–74, 176, 187

  Bulova Watch Company, 105, 107

  Bumstead, Albert, 153, 309

  Burma, 5, 176, 297, 300

  Bush, George H.W., 386

  Bush, George W., 367, 404

  Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 231

  caballitos de totora (one-man rafts), 126–27

  Cactus test, 78

  Cahill, Joe, 284

  Cairns, Australia, 299

  Cairo declaration, 393

  California, 425

  Asian Exclusion Act, 293

  El Niño and, 261

  military bases, 381

  surfing and, 122, 134–37, 139–40, 142

  Call of the Wild, The (London), 130

  Cambodia, 178, 209, 300, 369

  Cam Ranh Bay, 422

  Canada, 21, 295, 272, 332, 439

  El Niño and, 262

  transistor radios and, 83–85

  Canadian First Nation, 21

  Canberra, Australia, 234, 277

  Canterbury, HMNZS (frigate), 216

  Cape Horn, 3

  Cape Tribulation, 343n

  carbon cycle, 344

  carbon dating, 33–37

  carbon emissions, 264

  Cardigan Bay (ship), 393n

  Caroline Islands, 8, 434, 436

  Carrier Strike Group Five, 386–89

  Cascade Range, 264, 316

  Castle Bravo test, 37, 66–78, 68

  Cavanaugh, Colleen, 323–26

  Cayman Islands, 224n

  CBC, 84

  Center for Strategic and International Studies, 422

  Central Americans, 21

  Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 395n

  Ceylon, 297

  Chagos Bank, 343

  Challenger, HMS (survey ship), 309

  Chamorros, 8–9

  Charles, Prince of Wales, 212n, 213–14, 226–28

  Charlie atomic test, 64

  Chatham, HMS (frigate), 228–29

  chemical weapons, 20

  chemosynthesis, 324–25

  Cheney, Dick, 386

  Chen Zhou, 416

  Cherrapunji, Assam, 355

  Chiba, Japan, 114, 116

  Chile, 21, 25, 316

  earthquake, 315

  Chimbote, Peru, 249–50

  China, ancient, 102

  China, Communist, 28, 116, 337

  Air-Sea Battle concept and, 410, 417–20

  Australia and, 269, 292–93, 303

  Australia and, 348–50

  coral reefs and, 343

  Cultural Revolution and, 196

  defense spending, 414

  El Niño and, 259

  founded, 37

  Hawaii and, 352n

  Hong Kong and, 190, 196–97, 199–201, 213, 221–29, 227, 413

  Japan and, 422

  minerals and, 348

  Moro people and, 241n

  naval expansion and, 378, 384, 386–425, 387, 390–91, 394, 399, 405, 411

  Nixon and, 25

  North Korea and, 156

  nuclear testing and, 33

  Senkaku Islands and, 361

  submarines, 387, 388, 418

  Taiwan and, 197

  technology and, 26

  trade and, 116–19, 348–50

  Typhoon Haiyan and, 238, 242

  U.S. military and, 119, 381, 386–88, 387, 400–409, 405, 416–25

  Vietnam and, 31–32, 208

  China, Nationalist, 393, 397, 401. See also Taiwan

  Chinese migrants, 21, 441

  Australia and, 295

  Hawaii and, 5

  Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA), 182, 394, 407–25

  Chinese Politburo, 393

  Chouinard, Yvon, 148

  Christian, Fletcher, 216, 219

  Christian, Steve, 219

  Christian missionaries, 44, 50, 130–31, 212

  Christmas Island (later Kiritimati Island)

  nuclear tests, 18, 37

  refugee camp, 300–302

  tragedy of 2010, 302

  Churchill, Sarah, 108

  Churchill, Winston, 108, 203–5

  Chuuk Island, 4, 10–11, 434

  Cicero, 24

  Ciliberti, Vincent, 108

  Cincinnati Enquirer, 75

  clams, deep-sea, 319–21, 324, 328–29

  Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, 333

  Clark, George “Grubby,” 143–47

  Clark Air Base, 381–86, 384, 389

  Clark Foam, 145–46

  climate change, 262–65, 364, 366

  coral reefs and, 342, 346–48

  El Niño (ENSO) and, 254, 262

  Madden-Julian Oscillation, 263

  typhoons and cyclones and, 242–47

  Clinton, Bill, 295

  Clipperton Island, 216n

  coal, 270, 348–50

  Cocos Plate, 313, 316

  Cohen, Albert, 85

  Cold War, 33, 153, 381

  Cold War, term introduced, 153n

  Colombia, 21, 316

  colonialism. See also specific colonies and colonial powers

  end of, 27–28, 201, 190, 211–29

  Hawaii and, 351–52

  Micronesia and, 8–9, 43–45

  Polynesian navigation and, 433–34

  Columbia Pictures, 123

  Communism. See Cold War; and specific countries

  Compact of Free Association, 16

  computers, 111

  consumer electronics, 110–19

  container shipping, 19, 117–18, 200, 363, 392, 393n

  continental drift, 311–14

  Cook, James, 3, 130, 212, 343n, 352, 431–32, 437

  Cook Islands, 6

  Copland, Aaron, 290n

  copra plantations, 9, 19

  coral polyps, 345

  Coral Princess (ocean liner), 5

  coral reefs, 22, 339–50

  bleaching events, 340–42, 341, 345–47, 443

  Chinese building on, 399

  Coral Sea, 342

  Coriolis, Gustave, 263

  Corliss, Jack, 320–22

  Corona del Mar, California, 140

  Coward, Noël, 108

  Cowpens, USS (destroyer), 407–9

  crabs, deep-sea, 321, 324

  Crescent Group, 396

  Crick, Francis, 102

  Crosby, Bing, 210

  Crowley, Aleister, 291

  crown-of-thorns starfish, 347–48

  Cruise of the Snark, The (London), 133

  Cuba, 347n, 401n

  Cunard Line, 190–95, 191, 199–200

  currents, 255

  Curtiss, USS (seaplane tender), 70

  Cyana (minisubmarine), 328

  cyclones, 22, 232–37, 246–48, 253, 261. See also hurricanes; typhoons

  defined, 236n

  Tracy, 232–37, 235, 242, 245, 254, 264

  Czechoslovakia, 184–85

  da Gama, Vasco, 424

  Daghlian, Harry, 58

  Dalian, China, 118, 407

  Darwin, Australia

  asylum seekers and, 299,
301

  atmospheric pressure tracking and, 255

  Cyclone Tracy and, 231–37, 235, 239

  U.S. Marine base and, 420

  Darwin, Charles, 267

  Dee, Sandra, 122, 124, 147

  deep-sea research, 305–37

  Defoe, Daniel, 19

  Delmonico International, 108–9

  Demon Core, 58, 67

  Deng Xiaoping, 221–24, 411–13

  Dennis, C.J., 292n

  desalination plants, 374

  Diamond Head volcano, 2

  Diaoyu Islands, 409

  Diego Garcia

  evacuation of, for U.S. base, 51n–52n

  NSA and, 157

  Dien Bien Phu, Battle of, 189, 203, 207–8

  Dingo Baby, 25

  Dismissal, the, 268, 273–77, 299

  Disneyland, 25

  Divine, Jeff, 146

  doldrums, 248, 438

  Dole, James, 371

  Dole Company, 262, 372

  Donnelly, Jack, 320

  Dopey (transponder), 318

  dove, fruit-eating, 218n

  Ducie atoll, 216

  Duke, Doris, 2

  Dutch colonies, 27–28, 190, 202, 212n, 424

  Eagle Pull evacuation, 209

  earthquakes, 21–22, 259, 358, 378–80

  plate tectonics and, 310, 315–16

  Earth Simulator 2, 259–60

  East China Sea, 118, 408–9, 412, 417

  Easter Island, 6, 430–32, 439

  Eastman, George, 106

  East Pacific Rise, 308–9, 315–23, 328

  East Sea (Sea of Japan), 118

  East Wind DF-21D antiship ballistic missile, 417–18

  Ebeye Island, 14–17

  Ecuador, 21, 261, 317, 372

  Edinburgh, Tristan da Cunha, 138n

  Edmond, John, 322–23

  Eielson Air Force Base, 32

  Einstein, Albert, 39

  electric microgrid, 373n

  Elizabeth, Queen Mother of England, 194

  Elizabeth, Queen of England, 25, 213, 271, 281, 288–89

  Ellice Islands (later Tuvalu), 9, 212, 214

  Ellison, Larry, 369–75

  El Niño, 249–64, 252, 258

  Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 427

  endangered species, 350–57

  Endeavour, HMS (ship), 343n, 431

  Endless Summer, The (film), 144

  energy

  Australia and, 270

  Lana’i and, 373

  Enewetak, 68

  islanders exiled, 78

  nuclear tests, 37, 54n, 67n, 68n, 78

  Enlightenment, 102

  ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation), 254, 258, 259–62

  environmental challenges, 28

  climate change, 242–47, 254, 262–65, 342, 346–48, 364, 366

  coral reefs, 340–50, 341, 443

  endangered birds, 350–62

  garbage gyre, 362–66, 364, 443

  Lana’i Hawaii and, 369–75

  overfishing, 366–68

  sea level rise, 8, 261, 368

  supranational regulation and, 366–68

  seafloor mining and, 336–37

  Enyu Island, 69

  EP-3 spy plane incident, 402–4, 408

  equator, Kiribati divided by, 19

  eugenics, 97n

  Everage, Dame Edna, 281

  Evergreen container ships, 117

  evolution, 353

  Exodus, Book of, 50–51

  experimentation, 101

  explorations, 3, 23

  “Eye, The” (Jeffers), 1

  FA-18C Hornet fighter, 388

  “face,” science and, 101–2

  Facebook, 149

  Falkland Islanders, 224n

  Fanfare for the Common Man (Copeland), 290n

  Fangataufa atomic tests, 37

  Farragut, Admiral, 167

  Farrelly, Elizabeth, 286–87

  Fat Man bomb, 55, 67n

  Ferrel cells, 262

  Field, Sally, 122

  Fiery Cross Reef, 398

  Fiji, 212–14, 272, 368, 431

  Fiji Museum, 214

  Filipinos, 21, 441

  Australia and, 293

  Hawaii and, 5n, 371–72

  Finney, Ben, 434–35

  First Island Chain, 389, 390, 401, 412–13, 417

  First Lightning (Joe 1) atomic test, 32

  fishing, 19

  El Niño and, 249

  marine protected zones, 367–68

  overfishing, 366–68

  radioactivity and, 77

  threat to birds, 362

  “Five Visions of Captain Cook” (Slessor), 339

  Fleming, Sandford, 8

  Florida, 262, 343

  Flying Fish Cove drownings, 302

  Food and Drug Administration, 77

  Forbes, 369

  Ford, Alexander Hume, 131–33, 147

  Ford, Gerald, 177

  Ford Motors, 106

  Formosa, 414

  Fort Beatrice, 207

  Fort Claudine, 207

  Fort Eliane, 207

  Fort Gabrielle, 207

  Fort Huguette, 207

  Fort Meade, 157, 159

  Foster, Dudley, 328–29

  Foxconn, 113

  France

  colonies, 190, 214–15, 214n-16n, 352, 424, 433, 437

  Indochina and, 27, 32, 192, 202–9, 211, 397

  nuclear tests and, 19, 33, 218

  Overseas Collectivities, 215n

  Pitcairn Island and, 218

  surfing and, 140

  Fraser, Malcolm, 271, 273–76, 299

  Freeth, George, 132–34, 136–37, 139, 142, 147

  French Polynesia, 215n

  Freshwater Beach, Australia, 139

  Friends of the Earth, 336

  Fuchs, Klaus, 33

  Fukushima earthquake and tsunami, 116, 379

  fur seals, 261

  Futtsu, Japan, 114

  Futuna, 215n

  Galápagos Islands, 48, 317, 327, 346, 353

  Gallipoli, battle of, 278

  Gambier Islands, 218n

  Garden Island, 420–21

  Gauguin, Paul, 5

  Gehry, Frank, 281, 285

  General Order No. 1, 155

  Geneva peace conference (1954), 208

  George, VI, King of England, 31

  George (thermonuclear bomb), 42, 67

  George Washington, USS (carrier), 241

  German East Asiatic Squadron, 9

  Germany, 409

  colonies, 9–10, 44–45, 190, 211–12, 212n, 433

  postwar recovery, 100–101

  WWI and, 10

  Giap, Vo Nguyen, 207–8

  Gibraltar, 157, 224n

  Gidget (Kohner), 122, 123, 147

  films, 122, 123–25, 144, 147

  Gilbert Islands (later Kiribati), 9, 18, 212, 214, 253

  nuclear tests and, 19

  girl surfing, 141–42

  Gladstone, Australia, 343

  Glenn, John, 214

  Gloucester, Duke of, 213

  Goat 315, 57

  “God Save the Queen” (anthem), 269

  Godzilla (black smoker), 332

  Goniopora pandoraensis, 340, 345

  Google, 149

  Goossens, Eugene, 283–84, 290–92

  Gracey, Douglas David, 203–6

  Grand Budapest Hotel, The (film), 23

  Grand Central Terminal, 31, 35

  Graves, Alvin Cushman, 67–68, 68, 70–71, 73

  Great Barrier Reef, 340–53, 341, 375

  Great Moments of Humanity (Zweig), 23–24

  Great Pacific Garbage Gyre, 362–66, 364, 443

  Greek immigrants, Australia and, 294–95

  Greenhill, Denis, 51n

  Greenpeace, 336, 366

  Grimble, Arthur, 6, 214

  Guadalcanal, Battle of, 214

  Guam, 1–4, 8–9, 32, 389n, 403, 409, 412, 425

  U.S. bases in, 9, 418, 42
2

  Guangzhou, China, 424

  Guantánamo, 401n

  Guatemala, 343

  Guiuan, Philippines, 239

  Gulf of Alaska, 314

  Gulf of California, 308–9

  Gulf of Tonkin, 393

  gyres, defined, 364

  Hadley cells, 262

  Haeinsa monastery, 184

  Hagåtña, Guam, 1, 3

  Hainan Island, 393–94, 394, 398, 402–4, 414

  Hamburger Hill, 209

  Hanford, Washington, nuclear plant, 47

  Hanson, Pauline, 296–98, 302

  Hasegawa, Hiroshi, 356, 359–62, 361

  Hauteclocque, Philippe Leclerc de, 205

  Hawaii, 1–4, 116, 392n, 404, 406, 420

  bird population, 350–55

  care for earth and, 427

  China and, 412–14, 425

  cultural influences in, 5

  diseases brought to, 130

  El Niño and, 262

  extinctions on, 357n

  garbage gyre and, 364–65

  independence movement, 352n

  marine protected zones, 367

  missionaries and, 44, 130–31

  Navarre Plan and, 206

  NSA and, 157

  Polynesian culture and, 4–6, 9, 127

  Polynesian navigation skills and, 4–5, 427–40

  Pueblo and, 160

  statehood and, 5

  surfing and, 27, 122, 127–33, 139–40, 142, 144–45, 149

  Typhoon Haiyan and, 237

  U.S. Navy and, 423–24

  Hawaiian Airlines, 439n

  Hawaiian aristocracy, 128–29, 371

  Hawaiian black-faced honeycreeper, 25

  Hawaiian feather cloak (ahu’ula), 350–54, 351, 369

  Hawaiian language, 5

  Hawke, Bob, 276

  Hayman Island, 348

  Heaven’s Gate cult, 25

  Heezen, Bruce, 310, 313, 316

  Helen of Bikini (plutonium bomb), 13n, 61

  Helen Reef, 396

  Henderson Island, 216, 218

  Henderson rail, 218n

  Herbertshöhe, Papua, 45

  Heyerdahl, Thor, 125–26, 429–30

  Higuchi, Akira, 89

  Hikianalia (sailing canoe), 439n

  Hill of Difficulty (Pitcairn Island), 217, 220

  Himalaya, SS (passenger ship), 290

  Hinze, Kristy, 281n

  Hinze, Russ, 281n

  Hirohito, Emperor of Japan, 153

  Hiroshima bombing, 46, 73, 77, 234

  Hitachi, 99

  Hobie Surfboards, 142–44, 143

  Ho Chi Minh, 31, 35, 204n, 205–8

  Ho Chi Minh Trail, 209

  Hodges, Duane, 165, 170, 172–74

  Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove, 341–42

  Hogben, Lancelot, 83

  Hokkaido, Japan, 117

  Hokule‘a (sailing canoe), 427–29, 428, 435–41, 444

  Holt, Harold, 268n

  homosexuality, 199n

  Honda, Soichiro, 89

  Hong Kong, 118, 393n, 423

  British citizenship and, 224n

  British colonialism and, 190, 189–90, 192, 196, 201, 212–13, 216, 221–26, 272, 413

  Chinese takeover of, 196, 221–29, 413, 414

  Disneyland, 25

  WW II and, 10

  murder of homosexual in, 199n

 

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