by Philip Dray
Mann, Kenneth E. "Richard Harvey Cain: Congressman, Minister, and Champion of Civil Rights." Negro History Bulletin, vol. 35, Mar 1972
Marszalek, John F., Jr. "A Black Cadet at West Point." American Heritage, Aug. 1971
Matthews, John M. "Jefferson Franklin Long: The Public Career of Georgia's First Black Congressman." Phylon, vol. 42, 1981
McFeely, William'S. "Amos T. Akerman: The Lawyer and Racial Justice." Appears in Region, Race, and Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of C. Vann Woodward, J. Morgan Kousser and James M. McPherson, eds. Oxford University Press, New York, 1982
McKelvey, Blake. "Penal Slavery and Southern Reconstruction." Journal of Negro History, vol. 20, no. 2, Apr. 1935
McClure, A. K. "Random Recollections of Half a Century." Washington Post, Jan. 5, 1902
McPherson, James M. "Abolitionists and the Civil Rights Act of 1875." Journal of American History, vol. 52, no. 3, Dec. 1965
Murphy, L. E. "The Civil Rights Law of 1875." Journal ofNegro History, vol. 12, no. 2, Apr. 1927
Perkins, A. E. "James Henri Burch and Oscar James Dunn in Louisiana." Journal of Negro History, vol. 22, no. 3, July 1937
———. "Oscar James Dunn." Phylon, vol. 4, no. 2, 2nd quarter, 1943
Pinkett, Harold T. "Efforts to Annex Santo Domingo to the United States, 1866–1871." Journal of Negro History, vol. 26, no. 1, Jan. 1941
Pitre, Merline. "Frederick Douglass and the Annexation of Santo Domingo." Journal ofNegro History, vol. 62, no. 4, Oct. 1977
Post, Louis. "A 'Carpetbagger' in South Carolina." Journal of Negro History, vol. 10, no. 1, Jan. 1925
Quarles, Benjamin. "The Breach Between Douglass and Garrison." Journal of Negro History, vol. 23, no. 2, Apr. 1938
———. "Frederick Douglass and the Women's Rights Movement." Journal of Negro History, vol. 25, no. 1, Jan. 1940
Reid, George W. "Four in Black: North Carolina's Black Congressmen, 1874–1901." Journal ofNegro History, vol. 64, no. 3, summer 1979
———. "The Post-Congressional Career of George H. White, 1901–1918." Journal of Negro History, vol. 61, no. 4, Oct. 1976
Riddleberger, Patrick W. "The Break in the Radical Ranks: Liberals vs Stalwarts in the Election of 1872." Journal of Negro History, vol. 44, no. 2, Apr. 1959
Rockwell, Loula Ayres. "The Red Shirt Election." Atlantic Monthly, vol. 194, Nov. 1954
Roper, Laura Wood. "Frederick Law Olmsted and the Port Royal Experiment." Journal of Southern History, vol. 31, no. 3, Aug. 1965
Rosbow, M. "The Abduction of the Planter." Crisis, Apr. 1949
Ross, Michael A. "Justice Miller's Reconstruction: The Slaughter-House Cases, Health Codes, and Civil Rights in New Orleans, 1861–1873." Journal of Southern History, vol. 64, no. 4, Nov. 1998
Ross, Steven Joseph. "Freed Soil, Freed Labor, Freed Men: John Eaton and the Davis Bend Experiment." Journal of Southern History, vol. 44, no. 2, May 1978
Runnion, James B. "The Negro Exodus." Atlantic Monthly, Aug. 1879
Russ, William A., Jr. "The Negro and White Disenfranchisement During Radical Reconstruction." Journal of Negro History, vol. 19, no. 2, Apr. 1934
Ryan, James Gilbert. "The Memphis Riots of 1866: Terror in a Black Community During Reconstruction." Journal ofNegro History, July 1977
Scroggs, Jack B. "Carpetbagger Constitutional Reform in the South Atlantic States, 1867–1868." Journal of Southern History, vol. 27, no. 4, Nov. 1961
Shannon, Fred A. "The Federal Government and the Negro Soldier, 1861–1865." Journal ofNegro History, vol. 11, no. 4, Oct. 1926
Singer, Donald L. "For Whites Only: The Seating of Hiram Revels in the United States Senate." Negro History Bulletin, vol. 35, Mar. 1972
Slap, Andrew. "The Spirit of '76: The Reconstruction of History in the Redemption of South Carolina." The Historian, vol. 63, no. 4, summer 2001
Smalls, Robert. "Election Methods in the South." North American Review, vol. 151, 1890
———. "An Honest Ballot Is the Safeguard of the Republic—Speech of Hon. Robert Smalls in the House of Representatives, February 24, 1877." Congressional Record, 44th Cong, 2nd session, Appendix, pp. 123–36
Stagg, J.C.A. "The Problem of Klan Violence: the South Carolina Up-Country, 1868–1871." Journal of American Studies, vol. 8, no. 3, Dec. 1974
Stone, James H. "A Note on Voter Registration Under the Mississippi Understanding Clause." Journal of Southern History, vol. 38, no. 2, May 1972
Streifford, David M. "The American Colonization Society: An Application of Republican Ideology to Early Antebellum Reform." Journal of Southern History, vol. 45, no. 2, May 1979
Sweat, Edward F. "The Union Leagues and the South Carolina Election of 1870." Journal of Negro History, vol. 61, no. 2, Apr. 1976
Swisher, Carl Brent. "Dred Scott One Hundred Years After." The Journal of Politics, vol. 19, no. 2, May 1957
Taylor, Alrutheus A. "Negro Congressmen a Generation After." Journal of Negro History, vol. 7, no. 2, Apr. 1922
Thomas, Susan H. "Spartanburg's Civil War." Carologue, spring 2003
Thompson, Julius. "Hiram Rhodes Revels: 1827–1901, A Reappraisal." Journal of Negro History, vol. 79, no. 3, summer 1994
Tindall, George B. "The Liberian Exodus of 1878." South Carolina Historical Magazine, vol. 53, no. 3, 1952
———. "The Question of Race in the South Carolina Constitutional Convention of 1895." Journal of Negro History, vol. 37, no. 3, July 1952
Tillman, Benjamin. "The Struggles of '76—An Address Delivered at the Red Shirt Reunion, Anderson, South Carolina, Aug. 25, 1909." Reconstruction pamphlet collection, Charleston Historical Society
Toplin, Robert B. "Between Black and White: Attitudes Toward Southern Mulattoes, 1830–1861." Journal of Southern History, vol. 45, no. 2, May 1979
Urofsky, Melvin I. "Blance K. Bruce: United States Senator, 1875–1881." Journal of Mississippi, vol. 29, May 1967
Van Deusen, John G. "The Exodus of 1879." Journal of Negro History, vol. 21, no. 2, Apr. 1936
Vandal, Gilles. "The Origins of the New Orleans Riot of 1866, Revisited;" in Black Freedom/White Violence, 1865–1900, Donald G. Nieman, ed. Garland Publishing, New York, 1994
Vinson, J. Chal. "Thomas Nast and the American Political Scene." American Quarterly, vol. 9, no. 3, autumn 1957
Weaver, Valeria W. "The Failure of Civil Right 1875–1883 and Its Repercussions." Journal of Negro History, vol. 54, no. 4, Oct. 1969
Weisberger, Bernard A. "The Carpetbagger: A Tale of Reconstruction." American Heritage, Dec. 1973
Wells, W. Calvin. "Reconstruction and Its Destruction in Hinds County." Mississippi Historical Publications, vol. 9, 1902
Wesley, Charles H. "Lincoln's Plan for Colonizing the Emancipated Negroes." Journal of Negro History, vol. 4, no. 1, Jan. 1919 Westin, Alan F. "John Marshall Harlan and the Constitutional Rights of Negroes: The Transformation of a Southerner." Yale Law Journal, vol. 66, no. 5, Apr. 1957
Westwood, Howard C. "Generals David Hunter and Rufus Saxton and Black Soldiers." South Carolina Historical Magazine, vol. 86, 1985
Wharton, Vernon L. "The Race Issue in the Overthrow of Reconstruction in Mississippi." Phylon, vol. 2, no. 4, 1941
Wilson, Steve. "A Black Lieutenant in the Ranks." American Historical Illustrated, vol. 18, Dec. 1983
Windom, William, and Henry W. Blair. "The Proceedings of a Migration Convention and Congressional Action Respecting the Exodus of 1879." Journal of Negro History, vol. 4, no. 1, Jan. 1919
Woodson, Carter G. "Robert Smalls and His Descendants." Negro History Bulletin, Nov. 1947
Woody, R. H. "Franklin J. Moses, Jr., Scalawag Governor of South Carolina." North Carolina Historical Review, vol. 10, no. 2, Apr. 1933
Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. "The Civil Rights Act of 1875." Western Political Quarterly, vol. 18, no. 4, Dec. 1965
Cases
Blyew v. United States, 80 U.S. 581 (1872)
Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954)
Civil Rights Cases, 109 U.S.
3, 3 S Ct 18 (1883)
Munn v. Illinois, 94 U.S. 113 (1877)
Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537, 543 (1896)
Scott v. Sandford, 19 How. 60 U.S., 393 (1857)
Slaughterhouse Cases, 16 Wall (83 U.S.) 36 (1873)
United States v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 214 (1876)
Williams v. Mississippi, 170 U.S. 213 (1898)
Collections
American Colonization Society Papers, Library of Congress
Benjamin F. Butler Papers, Library of Congress
Blanche K. Bruce Papers, Library of Congress
Blanche K. Bruce Papers, Moorland-Spingarn Collection, Howard University Library
Carter Woodson Papers, Library of Congress
Charles Sumner Papers, Houghton Library, Harvard University
Christian Fleetwood Papers, Library of Congress
"Committee of 70." "History of the Riot at Colfax, Grant Parish, Louisiana, April 13, 1873" prepared by the "Committee of 70", NO April 13, 1874
The Federal Cases, West Publishing Co., St. Paul, 1894–1897
Frederick Douglass Papers, Library of Congress
Government and Organizational Documents
Hiram Revels Collection, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library
Journal of Proceedings, South Carolina Constitutional Convention, Charles A. Calvo, State Printer, Columbia South Carolina, 1895
Meeting of Colored Men in New Orleans. "Horrible Massacre in Grant Parish, Louisiana: Meeting of Colored Men in New Orleans, Address and Speeches" (Pamphlet printed at the Republican Office, New Orleans 1873)
Mississippi in 1875: Report of the Select Committee to Inquire into the Mississippi Election of 1875, Washington GPO 1876
National Archives, Beltsville, Maryland, Department of Justice Records (RG60)
National Archives, Washington, D.C., Freedmen's Bureau Records (RG105)
P.B.S. Pinchback Papers, Moorland-Spingarn Collection, Howard University Library
Proceedings of the Constitutional Convention of South Carolina, held at Charleston, S.C., beginning January 14th and ending March 17th, 1868. Including the debates and proceedings. Reprint. William L. Katz, ed. Arno Press and the New York Times, 1968
Report on Public Frauds ... made to the General Assembly of South Carolina, 1877–1878. Columbia, Calvo & Patton, State Printers, 1878
Report from the Select Committee on the Freedman's Savings and Trust Co., Printed April 2, 1880, 46th Cong, 2nd sess, Report No 440
Report of the Select Committee on the New Orleans Riots, Washington GPO 1867
South Carolina in 1878: Senate Report Serial 1840, GPO 1879
Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
State of South Carolina, Journal of Proceedings, South Carolina Constitutional Convention, Charles A. Calvo, State Printer, Columbia SC, 1895
U.S. 42nd Congress, 2nd session, House Report 22. Report of the Joint Select Committee to Inquire into the Conditions of Affairs in the Late Insurrectionary States. 13 vols. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 1872
U.S. Senate Executive Documents, 43rd Cong, 2nd session, March 1875, Serial 1629, "Affairs in Louisiana"
Vicksburg Troubles, House Report No 265, 43rd cong, 2nd sess
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INDEX
Numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
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