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League of Denial

Page 46

by Mark Fainaru-Wada


  10 At least a half dozen: Craig Nelson interview, 2013.

  11 Prusiner placed calls: Prusiner’s interest in obtaining part of Seau’s brain is confirmed in e-mails and interviews with Bennet Omalu and Joe Davis.

  12 “I empathize”: Peter King interview, 2013.

  13 Nelson told Omalu: Nelson interview, 2013.

  14 Soot and the imprint: Seau autopsy report, Aug. 20, 2012.

  15 “Persona non grata”: Bennet Omalu interview, 2012.

  16 Celebratory e-mail: E-mail correspondence between Bennet Omalu and Stanley Prusiner.

  17 Nowinski emphasized: Tyler Seau interview, 2013.

  18 At the center of the league’s effort: The account of the NFL’s effort to take control of Seau’s brain is drawn from interviews with Tyler Seau, Bette Hoffman, Gina Seau, Kevin Guskiewicz, Rich Ellenbogen, Russell Lonser, and others familiar with the negotiations.

  19 “An early draft”: Bob Fitzsimmons interview, 2013.

  20 Got a call: Gary Plummer interview, 2013.

  21 That was certain: “Doctors: Junior Seau’s Brain Had CTE,” ESPN.com, Jan. 11, 2013.

  22 “I still love football”: Jake Seau interview, 2013.

  EPILOGUE

  1 A proposal: The section on Gary Huber’s dealings with Big Tobacco is drawn from Dan Zegart, Civil Warriors, 2000; and Robert N. Proctor, Golden Holocaust, 2011.

  2 50 confirmed cases: Ann C. McKee et al., “The Spectrum of Disease in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy,” Brain, 2012.

  3 43 percent: Associated Press, Aug. 7, 2012.

  4 “No genius”: Matt Chaney e-mail to authors, 2013.

  5 Dispensed paid advice: “Researchers consulted with law firms,” ESPN.com, April 6, 2013.

  6 Had given way: “Concussion Kickoff: Oral Arguments Held in NFL Concussion Litigation,” NFL​concussion​litigation.​com, April 10, 2013.

  7 “Guiding strategists”: United States of America v. Philip Morris USA Inc., District Court for the District of Columbia Judge Gladys Kessler, Aug. 17, 2006, p. 97.

  8 Directed litigation: Ibid., p. 68.

  9 “Whitecoats”: Robert Proctor, Golden Holocaust, p. 545, and “Proposal for the Organization of the Whitecoat Project,” Bates 3990006961/3990006964, at the University of California, San Francisco Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. See http://​legacy.​library.​ucsf.​edu/​tid/​ecr82i00/​pdf.

  10 “Deep shit”: Robert Proctor, Golden Holocaust, p. 303, and “Project Down Under: Conference Notes,” June 24, 1987, Bates 2021502102-2134 (p. 4). See http://​legacy.​library.​ucsf.​edu/​tid/​njh56b00/​pdf.

  11 When he first arrived: Jim Otto interview, 2012.

  12 Descendant of the Roman gladiators: Jim Otto with Dave Newhouse, Jim Otto: The Pain of Glory, p. 7.

  13 A gash: Jim Otto with Dave Newhouse, Jim Otto: The Pain of Glory, p. viii.

  14 “Looking at a gargoyle”: Jim Otto with Dave Newhouse, Jim Otto: The Pain of Glory, p. 143.

  15 “Middle-aged horror show”: Jim Otto with Dave Newhouse, Jim Otto: The Pain of Glory, p. 2.

  16 Probably end up killing him: Otto interview, 2012.

  17 “I’m not a wimp-out”: Jim Otto with Dave Newhouse, Jim Otto: The Pain of Glory, p. 6.

  BIBLIOGRAPHY

  BOOKS

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  SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES

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6–275. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

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  Casson, Ira R., et al. “Neurological and CT Evaluation of Knocked-Out Boxers.” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 45 (1982):170–174.

  Casson, Ira R., Elliot J. Pellman, and David C. Viano. “Correspondence.” Neurosurgery 58 (May 2006): E1003.

  Casson, Ira R., Elliot J. Pellman, and David C. Viano. “Correspondence.” Neurosurgery 59 (Nov. 2006): E1152.

  Collins, Michael W., et al. “Relationship Between Concussion and Neuropsychological Performance in College Football Players.” Journal of the American Medical Association 282 (Sept. 8, 1999): 964–970.

  Collins, Micky, et al. “Examining Concussion Rates and Return to Play in High School Football Players Wearing Newer Helmet Technology: A Three-Year Prospective Cohort Study.” Neurosurgery 58 (Feb. 2006): 275–285.

  Corsellis, JA, et al. “The Aftermath of Boxing.” Psychological Medicine (Aug. 3, 1973): 270–303.

  Guskiewicz, Kevin M., et al. “Association Between Recurrent Concussion and Late-Life Cognitive Impairment in Retired Football Players.” Neurosurgery 57 (Oct. 2005): 719–726.

  Guskiewicz, Kevin M., et al. “Cumulative Effects Associated with Recurrent Concussion in Collegiate Football Players.” Journal of the American Medical Association 290 (Nov. 19, 2003): 2549–2555.

  Guskiewicz, Kevin M., et al. “Recurrent Concussion and Risk of Depression in Retired Professional Football Players.” Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 39, no. 6 (2007): 903–909.

  Hamberger, Anders, et al. “Concussion in Professional Football: Morphology of Brain Injuries in the NFL Concussion Model—Part 16.” Neurosurgery 64 (June 2009): 1174–1182.

  Hart, John Jr., et al. “Neuroimaging of Cognitive Dysfunction and Depression in Aging Retired National Football League Players.” JAMA Neurology 70, no. 3 (March 2013): 326–335.

  Lehman, Everett J., et al. “Neurodegenerative Causes of Death among Retired National Football League Players.” Neurology 79 (Nov. 6, 2012): 1–6.

  Martland, Harrison S. “Punch Drunk.” The Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 91, 15 (Oct. 13, 1928): 1103–1107.

  McCrea, Michael, et al. “Acute Effects and Recovery Time Following Concussion in Collegiate Football Players.” Journal of the American Medical Association 290 (Nov. 19, 2003): 2556.

  McKee, Ann C., et al. “Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Athletes: Progressive Tauopathy Following Repetitive Head Injury.” Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 68 (July 2009): 709–735.

  McKee, Ann C., et al. “The Spectrum of Disease in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.” Brain, Dec. 3, 2012: 1–22.

  Omalu, Bennet I. “Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) in a National Football League Player: Case Report and Emerging Medicolegal Practice Questions.” Journal of Forensic Nursing 6 (2010): 40–46.

  Omalu, Bennet I. “Correspondence.” Neurosurgery 58 (May 2006): E1003.

  Omalu, Bennet I. “Emerging Histomorphologic Phenotypes of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in American Athletes.” Journal of Forensic Nursing 69 (July 2011): 173–183.

  Omalu, Bennet I., et al. “Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in a National Football League Player.” Neurosurgery 57 (July 2005): 128–134.

  Omalu, Bennet I., et al. “Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in a National Football League Player—Part II.” Neurosurgery 59 (Nov. 2006): 1086–1093.

  Omalu, Bennet I., et al. “Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in a Professional American Wrestler.” Journal of Forensic Nursing 6 (2010): 130–136.

  Pellman, Elliot J., et al. “Concussion in Professional Football: Reconstruction of Game Impacts and Injuries.” Neurosurgery 53 (Oct. 2003): 799–814.

  Pellman, Elliot J., et al. “Concussion in Professional Football: Location and Direction of Helmet Impacts—Part 2.” Neurosurgery 53 (Dec. 2003): 1328–1341.

  Pellman, Elliot J., et al. “Concussion in Professional Football: Epidemiological Features of Game Injuries and Review of Literature—Part 3.” Neurosurgery 54 (Jan. 2004): 81–96.

  Pellman, Elliot J., et al. “Concussion in Professional Football: Repeat Injuries—Part 4.” Neurosurgery 55 (Oct. 2004): 860–876.

  Pellman, Elliot J., et al. “Concussion in Professional Football: Injuries Involving 7 or More Days Out—Part 5.” Neurosurgery 55 (Nov. 2004): 1100–1119.

  Pellman, Elliot J., et al. “Concussion in Professional Football: Neuropsychological Testing—Part 6.” Neurosurgery 55 (Dec. 2004): 1290–1305.

  Pellman, Elliot J., et al. “Concussion in Professional Football: Players Returning to the Same Game—Part 7.” Neurosurgery 56 (Jan. 2005): 79–92.

  Pellman, Elliot J., et al. “Concussion in Professional Football: Helmet Testing to Assess Impact Performance—Part 11.” Neurosurgery 58 (Jan. 2006): 78–96.

  Pellman, Elliot J., et al. “Concussion in Professional Football: Recovery of NFL and High School Athletes Assessed by Computerized Neuropsychological Testing—Part 12.” Neurosurgery 58 (Feb. 2006): 263–274.

  Small, Gary W., et al. “PET Scanning of Brain Tau in Retired National Football League Players: Preliminary Findings.” American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 21 (Feb. 2013): 138–144.

  Viano, David C., and Elliot J. Pellman. “Concussion in Professional Football: Biomechanics of the Striking Player—Part 8.” Neurosurgery 56 (Feb. 2005): 266–280.

  Viano, David C., et al. “Concussion in Professional Football: Brain Responses by Finite Element Analysis—Part 9.” Neurosurgery 57 (Nov. 2005): 891–916.

  Viano, David C., et al. “Concussion in Professional Football: Comparison with Boxing Head Impacts—Part 10.” Neurosurgery 57 (Dec. 2005): 1154–1172.

  Viano, David C., et al. “Concussion in Professional Football: Performance of Newer Helmets in Reconstructed Game Impacts—Part 13.” Neurosurgery 59 (Sept. 2006): 591–606.

  Viano, David C., Ira R. Casson, and Elliot J. Pellman. “Concussion in Professional Football: Biomechanics of the Struck Player—Part 14.” Neurosurgery 61 (Aug. 2007): 313–328.

  Viano, David C., et al. “Concussion in Professional Football: Animal Model of Brain Injury—Part 15.” Neurosurgery 64 (June 2009): 1162–1173.

  Weir, David R., James S. Jackson, and Amanda Sonnega. “Study of Retired NFL Players.” University of Michigan Institute for Social Research, Sept. 10, 2009: 1–37.

  PHOTO INSERT CREDITS

  1 L. Roger Turner/Wisconsin-State Journal

  2 Dave Stock/ProLook Inc.

  3 Jonathan Daniel/ALLSPORT/Hulton Archive/Getty Images

  4 Courtesy Joe Maroon

  5 Courtesy Mark Lovell

  6 Brad Mangin Photography

  7 Andy Hayt/Sports Illustrated/Getty Images

  8 Associated Press

  9 USC News

  10 AP Photo/Ed Betz

  11 Courtesy Bennet Omalu

  12 AP Photo/Paul Sancya

  13 AP Photo/Edouard H. R. Gluck

  14 Mariela Lombard/ZUMAPRESS.com

  15 Courtesy Ann McKee

  16 Brian Cahn/ZUMAPRESS.com

  17 Courtesy ESPN’s Outside the Lines

  18 Brad Mangin Photography

 

 

 
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