The Codebreakers: The True Story of the Secret Intelligence Team That Changed the Course of the First World War

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The Codebreakers: The True Story of the Secret Intelligence Team That Changed the Course of the First World War Page 33

by James Wyllie


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  Singh S, The Code Book – The Secret History of Codes and Code-breaking (2000)

  Skaggs, William H, German Conspiracies in America (1916)

  Smith, M., Station X – How the Bletchley Park Codebreakers Helped Win the War (2011)

  Smith, M. and Erskine, R. (eds), Action This Day (2002)

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  Spence, Richard, Secret Agent 666 – Aleister Crowley, British Intelligence and the Occult (2008)

  Steel, N. and Hart, P., Jutland 1916 (2004)

  Stevenson, D., 1914–1918 – The History of the First World War (2004)

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  Strachan, H., The First World War (2006)

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  Strachey, J. and Partridge, Frances, Lives and Letters – Julia – A Portrait of Julia Strachey (2004)

  Stafford, D., Churchill and Secret Service (1997)

  Strother, French., Fighting Germany’s Spies (1918)

  Sykes, C., Wassmuss (1936)

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  Terraine, John, White Heat – The New Warfare 1914–18

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  Thomson, B., The Scene Changes (1937)

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  Tuchman, Barbara, The Zimmermann Telegram (1958)

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  Tuohy, F., The Secret Corps – A Tale of Intelligence on All Fronts (1920)

  Tuohy, F., The Crater of Mars (1929)

  Tuohy, F., The Battle of the Brains (1930)

  Tuohy, F., This is Spying (1936)

  Varnava, A., ‘British Military Intelligence in Cyprus during the Great War’ from War in History (2012)

  Voska, E.V., Spy and Counter Spy – The Autobiography of a Master Spy (1941)

  Weightmann, G., Signor Marconi’s Magic Box – How an Amateur Inventor Defied Scientists and Began the Radio Revolution (2002)

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  Wilhelm II, transl. Ybarra, Thomas R., The Kaiser’s Memoirs (1922)

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  MONOGRAPHS

  David George Hogarth 1862–1927 – From Proceedings of the British Academy Vol. XIII (1927)

  Reginald Campbell Thompson 1876–1941 – From Proceedings of the Royal Academy Vol. XXX (1941)

  US Army Intelligence and Security Command – The Life and Times of MG Dennis E. Nolan, 1872–1956, The Army’s First G2 (1998)

  US Army Intelligence Center – The Evolution of American Military Intelligence (1973)

  INDEX

  The page references in this index correspond to the printed edition from which this ebook was created. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.

  Abhorchdienst (German army codebreaking unit) 260

  Abinger, Lord 132

  Abteilung Drei-Bai (Section 3B) (German military intelligence unit) 35

  Abwehr (German military and diplomatic intelligence) 303, 304

  Adcock, Frank 27

  Admiralty, British 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 15, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, 26, 31, 38, 42, 57, 82, 93, 101, 104, 115, 117, 118, 123, 127, 128, 133, 140, 158, 160, 161, 195, 198, 212, 229, 231, 234, 284, 289, 290, 295, 299 see also Room 40

  Admiralty, French 237

  Admiralty, German 19–20

  AFDGX/AFDGVX cipher 273–5

  agents, field see under individual agent name

  Air Organisation and Home Defence Against Air Raids, British 109

  Aircraft 29, 102–9, 167–9, 251

  Albert, Dr Heinrich 61, 61, 63, 83–5, 87, 91

  Alert (cable-laying ship) 4

  Alfonso XIII of Spain, King 136

  Alice in ID25 (play) (Birch/Knox) 287–8

  Allenby, General 250–1

  Allgemeines Funkpruchbuch (AFB) (German code book) 106, 107

  Allies see under individual nation name

  American Correspondent Film Company 84

  American Expeditionary Force (AEF) 265–72, 275–8

  American Protective League (APL) 219–20

  American Trench Code 276

  Amiens, Battle of, 1918 279–81

  Anderson, Brigadier General Francis 52

  Annie Larsen 222, 223, 225

  Arab Bureau, British 247–9

  Arabia 240–1, 242, 247–9

  Arabic, RMS 85–6

  archaeology/archaeologists 28, 244, 246–7, 248, 270, 301

  Archibald, James 85–6, 195

  Argentina 139, 207–11

  Ariadne 30

  Armistice, 1918 286, 287

  Army Cipher Disk 192, 275–6

  Army War College, US 214, 215

  Arnold (German agent operating in Argentina) 210–11

  Asquith, Herbert Henry 114, 118

  Asturias 43

  Aud 149–50

  Australian forces 19, 20, 241

  Austro-Hungary 3, 35, 69–70, 79, 83, 85, 86, 135, 137, 166, 187, 195, 209, 235, 237, 255

  Baghdad, Mesopotamia (Iraq) 1, 240, 245–6, 247, 251

  Bailey, Daniel Julian 149–50

  Baker, Newton 184, 215

  Balfour, Arthur 196, 215

  Baltimore, port of, US 175–6, 181, 192, 193

  Barret, José 136

  Bayley, Mrs 230

  Beatty, Admiral David 13, 14, 29–30, 157, 159, 161, 283–4, 286, 288

  Bebeau, Private A. L. 281

  Befehlstafel (German code book) 260

  Bell, Edward 136, 195, 198, 210–11, 212

  Bernstorff, Count Johann von 34, 34, 35, 36, 38, 40, 45, 46, 60, 61, 62, 65, 66, 67, 68, 84, 85–7, 92, 96, 145, 146, 177, 185, 192, 194, 196, 209

  Bethmann-Hollweg, Chancellor Theobald von 92, 146, 147, 186–7

  Bey, Talaat 114–15

  Biddle, Nicholas 216

  Bielaski, A. Bruce 219–20

  biological/biochemical weapons 1, 130, 135–6, 174–7, 211

  Birch, Frank 156, 229, 230, 287

  Black Hand 89, 219

  Black Tom Island, New York 177–84, 179, 203, 206, 297

  Bletchley Park 3, 300–5

  Blitz of the Harvest Moon, 1917 109

  Bloomsbury set 55

  Bloor, Colonel A. W. 277

  Blücher 30

  Blücher, Princess 50

  Bluebell, HMS 150

  Boer War, 1899–1902 52, 148, 161

  Bolsheviks 255, 256,
258, 285

  Bomb and Neutrality Squad, NYPD 88, 89, 90–2, 95, 216, 223–4, 225

  Boniface, Bonford 76

  Bopp, Franz von 182, 221, 224, 226

  Borden, Robert 279

  Boy-Ed, Captain Karl 63, 65, 69, 71, 73, 74, 79, 80, 82, 86–7, 92, 97, 181, 183

  Brazil 139, 142, 152–3, 208, 210

  Bridgeport Projectile Company 84

  Briggs, Albert M. 220

  Britain: codebreaking units see Military Intelligence Section 1b – MI1(b) (British military codebreaking unit) and Room 40; dominance of international telegraph traffic 3–5; First World War and see First World War and under individual area, armed force or battle name; wireless invention and 2, 3, 4–5, 9–11, 10

  British Embassy, 44 Whitehall Street, New York City 69, 95, 145

  British Expeditionary Force (BEF) 3, 47, 52, 53, 161–2, 274, 282; battles see under individual battle and front name; codebreaking and 161–9, 259–63 see also Military Intelligence Section 1b – MI1(b) (British military codebreaking unit); telephone procedures/security 162–7; wireless communication on the Western Front 161–9, 259–63 see also First World War

  British Grand Fleet 23, 25, 29, 157–61, 284 see also Royal Navy and under individual engagement name

  British Indian army (D Force) 239–40, 243–4, 245

  British Remount Service 174

  Brooke-Hunt, Captain 139

  Browne, Lord Arthur 56, 57

  Bulgaria 93, 137, 138, 209

  Bünz, Dr Carl 74, 75

  Bureau de Chiffre, France 53, 271, 273

  Bureau of Investigation (BI), Justice Department, US 87, 219–20

  Bureau of Investigation, German 90–2, 183

  Burke, Frank 83, 84

  Burns, Jesse 183

  Cairo, Egypt 1, 239, 241–2, 245, 247, 248, 249, 251

  Canada 36, 64–8, 85, 96, 180, 223, 257–8, 279–82

  Canadian Corps 279–82

  Canadian Independent Force 281

  Canadian Pacific Railway 66–8

  Candidate 43

  Capitol Building, Washington DC, bombing of, 1915 79–80, 79

  Carranza, Venustiano 188, 189, 191

  Carroll, Lewis: Alice in Wonderland 287–9; Jabberwocky 302

  Cartier, Colonel François 273

  Casement, Roger 141–3, 144, 144, 145, 146–7, 148, 149, 150–3, 152, 187, 211

  Central Powers see under individual nation name

  Centurion 43

  Chakravarty, Dr Chandra 223–4, 225, 226

  Chandra, Ram 221, 225, 226

  Charteris, Brigadier General John 163–4

  Cheka 255

  Childers, Erskine 143

  Choctaw troops 266, 266, 276–8

  Christensen, Eivind Adler 146

  Churchill, Winston 4, 14, 15, 19, 21, 22, 27, 29, 93, 101, 113, 114, 115–19, 231

  cipher keys 29, 52, 103, 105, 130, 139, 156, 227, 254, 286

  Citation for Meritorious Service 269–70

  City of Memphis 198

  Clan na Gael 144, 148

  Clarke, Russell 18, 230

  Clarke, William F. 12, 229, 230, 290

  Clauson, Gerard 244, 245, 246

  Clayton, Colonel Gilbert 247

  Cobb, Frank 95

  code books 18–20, 59, 60, 69, 102–3, 106–8, 128, 137, 139, 140, 168, 192, 198, 237–8, 242, 254, 260, 276, 286, 290

  codes/codebreakers: American see United States of America; Austro-Hungarian 3, 237, 255; British 3, 161–9, 259–63 see also Military Intelligence Section 1b – MI1(b) (British military codebreaking unit) and Room 40; characteristics of codebreakers see Military Intelligence Section 1b – MI1(b) (British military codebreaking unit); Room 40: recruitment and under individual codebreaker name; cipher keys 29, 52, 103, 105, 130, 139, 156, 227, 254, 286; code books and see code books; communications technology revolution and 1–2, 9–11, 17–18; diplomatic code 3, 56–7, 60, 69, 71, 137, 139, 185–6, 192–3, 209, 289; emergence of the modern security state and 1, 2; French 2, 53, 163, 166, 215–16, 237, 269, 271–5, 276, 302; Greek 137; German see Germany; influence on the outcome of First World War 1, 3; Italian 230, 237, 302, 303; Japanese 301; Russian 3, 243, 254, 255; Turkish 235, 239–51; South American 140 see also under individual code name

  Cold War, 1947–91 305

  Committee of Imperial Defence, British 4, 92

  Committee on Public Information (CPI), US 220, 221

  Conan Doyle, Arthur 131, 151

  Conrad, Jessie 142

  Constantine of Greece, King 137

  Corell, Valentine 91

  Cork Street, London 138–9, 260, 289–90

  Costelloe, Ray 55–6

  counter-espionage 69, 123, 215–16

  Cressington Court, SS 77

  Criminal Investigations Department (CID), British 121

  Crowley, Aleister 96, 223

  Ctesiphon, Battle of 1915 240, 244

  Cunard 26, 37, 38, 40–1, 42

  Currie, Sir Arthur 278–80, 282

  Cyprus 235–7, 242, 249

  Czechoslovakia 70, 84, 96

  D-Day, 1944 304

  Daily Mail 119, 120

  DAMS (merchant ships) 233

  Dansey, Lieutenant Colonel Claude 214–15

  Dar es Salaam wireless station 4

  Dardanelles campaign, 1915–16 114–19, 156

  Daugherty, James 179–80

  Defence of the Realm Act (DORA), British, 1914 18, 148

  Denniston, Alastair 16–17, 16, 18, 19, 30, 57, 60, 230, 286, 288, 290, 302

  Department of Justice, US 87, 91, 219–20

  Deutschland 192–4, 193

  Deuxième Bureau 269, 274

  Devon, SS 77

  Devoy, John 143–4, 144, 145, 148–9

  DF (direction finding) stations 26, 102, 105, 158, 234, 235–7, 249

  Diaz, Porfirio 188

  Dilger, Anton 174–7, 204

  Dilger, Carl 175

  Dillingham, Charlie 95

  diplomatic codes 3, 56–7, 60, 69, 71, 137, 139, 185–6, 192–3, 209, 289

  Director of Naval Intelligence (DNI), British 11, 14, 284, 288 see also under individual director name

  Directorate of Intelligence, British 293–4

  Dixon, Professor W. E. 132

  Dogger Bank, Battle of, 1915 29–30

  Dönitz, Karl 231

  Double-Cross system 304

  Dougherty, George 74–5

  Dougherty, Harry 74–5

  Dougherty’s Detective Bureau and Mercantile Police 74–5, 77, 88, 183

  Dowling, Joseph 211–12

  dreadnoughts 22, 23, 25, 158, 159–60

  Dresden 182

  Duala wireless station, Cameroon 4

  Duke of Clarence, HMS 135

  Dumba, Dr Constantin 85–6, 195

  DuPont Powder Company 65, 77

  Dyal, Har 222

  E. V. Gibbons, New York 75, 77

  Eagle Iron Works, New York 182

  Earl of Lathom 43

  Eastern Front 69, 166, 181, 253, 265

  Eckardt, Heinrich von 194, 204

  Edward VII, King 136

  Egypt 28, 59, 123, 148, 153, 241–2, 246, 247, 248, 249

  Egypt Expeditionary Force (EEF) 241, 242, 249–51

  Einstein, Albert 296

  El Progreso 206

  en clair communication 53, 163, 250, 276

  Enemy Submarine Section (E1), British 229

  Enigma machine 302–3, 304

  Entzifferungsdienst (E-Dienst) (German deciphering bureau) 25

  Erri Berro 134, 135

  Espionage Act, US, 1917 221

  Ewing, Sir Alfred 10–11, 18

  ‘F’ Building, Eddystone Ammunition Corporation, Chester, Pennsylvania, explosions at, 1917 256–7

  Fabyan, George 225

  Falaba, SS 41–2

  Fatherland, The 35, 40, 41, 83, 197

  Faudel-Philips, Benjamin 60

  Fay, Robert 171–3, 172

  Felton, Eddie 176 />
  Ferdinand, Archduke Franz 35, 187

  Festubert, Battle of, 1915 279

  Fetterlin, Ernst 255

  field set trench telephone 162, 259

  First World War, 1914–18: Armistice, 1918 286, 287; battles see under individual battle name; blockade of Germany 23–5, 35, 69, 74, 86, 114, 125, 145, 207, 208; casualties 33, 48, 65, 93, 95, 99, 104, 169, 237, 240, 258, 282; codebreaking see under individual nation and institution name; Eastern Front 69, 166, 181, 253, 265; financial cost of 93–4; gas attacks 93, 94, 174; Macedonia Front 138; Mediterranean theatre, 9, 20, 93, 95, 126, 129–40, 234, 235, 237, 239, 249; Middle East theatre 3, 57, 59, 69, 139, 140, 153, 235, 239–51, 300; nations see under individual nation name; naval warfare see under individual battle or navy name; North Africa and 3, 20, 23, 59, 131, 139, 299; U-boat warfare and see U-boats; Western Front 1, 2–3, 26, 56, 65, 93, 94, 96, 116, 141, 155, 161, 164, 165, 175, 226, 239, 251, 257, 258, 270–1, 277, 280, 281, 300 see also under individual area, battle and place name; Zeppelin attacks see Zeppelins

  Fisher, Lord 10, 115–16, 117, 117–19, 121

  Flynn, William 219

  Foreign Office, British 60, 124, 126, 142, 143, 144, 155, 166, 196, 247, 290

  Foreign Office, German 67, 146, 222

  France 2–3, 34, 47, 48–9, 50, 51, 52, 53, 130, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 163, 164, 166, 169, 175, 190, 191, 199, 211, 214, 215, 216, 227, 237, 240–1, 254, 258, 261, 262, 265, 267, 269, 271–5, 276, 277, 280, 281, 297, 302; intelligence/codebreaking 2, 53, 163, 166, 215–16, 237, 269, 271–5, 276, 302

  Franco-Prussian war, 1870 53

  Fraser, John 137

  Fraser, W. L. 230

  French Morocco 132–3, 139

  French, Sir John 93

  Friedman, William 225

  Fuchs, George 91

  Für GOD system, German 139

  Furious, HMS 108

  Gage, Vera 230

  Gallipoli Campaign, 1915–16 93, 116–18, 137, 141, 240, 244

  Galt, Edith 44

  Gaunt, Captain Guy 14, 39, 40, 69–70, 74, 77–9, 94–5, 96, 257

  Gaza, First Battle of, March, 1917 249; Second Battle of, April, 1917 249–50

  GCHQ 305

  George V, King 136

  Gerard, James 45–6, 56, 187

  German Club, New York City 34, 44, 65–6, 73, 91, 145

  German Embassies: Madrid 19–20, 60, 130, 136; Mexico 194; Washington DC 38, 40, 45, 60–3, 69, 71, 78, 92, 147, 148, 149, 192

  German High Command (OHL) 174, 242

  German Navy, Imperial 3, 11, 18–20, 21–6, 29–31, 33, 36–46, 52, 63, 71–2, 73, 76, 80, 85–7, 93, 99–100, 109, 130, 132, 133, 134–5, 136, 149, 150, 155, 156–61, 173, 182, 187, 192–4, 193, 198, 203, 211, 226, 227–38, 228, 239, 242, 254, 257, 265, 283–7, 297, 299, 303; High Seas Fleet 21–3, 24, 25, 29–30, 156–61, 283, 284, 286, 287; U-boats see U-boats see also under individual commander, engagement and vessel name

 

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