by James Wyllie
Germany 1; Armistice, 1918 and 286, 287; blockade of, Allied 23–5, 35, 69, 74, 86, 114, 125, 145, 207, 208; Canada, attacks on 36, 64–8, 85, 180, 223; cipher keys 29, 52, 103, 105, 130, 139, 156, 227, 254, 286; code books 18–20, 59, 60, 69, 102–3, 106–8, 128, 139, 168, 192, 198, 237–8, 254, 260, 290; codebreakers 3, 25, 238; codes 18–20, 22, 52, 53, 59, 60, 69, 73–4, 77, 79, 82, 85, 86, 92, 102–3, 106–8, 128, 130, 139, 161, 163, 166–7, 168, 185, 192–9, 210, 233, 237–8, 241, 242, 251, 254, 255, 259–62, 273–5, 290; collapse of, 1918 283–6, 285; destruction of global wireless infrastructure 4–5; First World War battles see under individual battle name; forces see under individual force name; interception of communications, first Allied 17–18 see also Military Intelligence Section 1b – MI1(b) (British military codebreaking unit) and Room 40; Ireland and 141–2, 145–53; Mediterranean theatre and 9, 20, 93, 95, 126, 129–40, 234, 235, 237, 239, 249; Mexico, attempts to ignite conflict in 203–7; Moritz set and 162–5; naval attacks on Britain 21–2, 25; telephone procedures 166–7; U-boats see U-boats; United States, spies/sabotage attacks in 1, 59–64, 68–97, 171–84, 203–12; unrestricted submarine warfare, introduces 33–49, 71, 93, 141, 187, 193, 198, 208, 209, 273; wireless in aircraft 168; wireless invention and 4–5, 9–10; Zeppelins and see Zeppelins; Zimmerman telegram and see Zimmerman telegram
Ghadr 221, 222, 223, 225
Gill, Eric 234–6, 237, 241, 242, 249, 251, 303
Gilliat, Dorothy Mary 230
Ginzo 210
‘The Glass Tubes Affair’, 1916 132
Godfrey, John 297
Goldstein, Robert 221
Goltz, Holst von der 64–6
Gorman, Mary 150
Gotha bombers 109
Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS), British 290, 300–5
Great Pyramid, Egypt 241
Great Yarmouth, Zeppelin attack on, 1915 100, 103
Greece 28, 29, 39, 55, 125, 129, 137–8, 139, 247, 273, 288
Gregory, Thomas 220
Grey, Nigel de 27, 60, 185, 198, 237
Hagn, Alfred 122–3
Haig, Sir Douglas 93, 163, 164, 262–3
Hall, Reginald ‘Blinker’ 11–15, 13, 26–7, 30, 38, 40, 51, 57, 60, 69, 71, 74, 77, 79, 81–2, 86, 87, 92, 94, 95, 96, 103, 106, 107, 108, 113–28, 129, 130, 131, 132, 134, 135, 136, 138, 139, 140, 141, 145, 146, 147, 148, 152, 155, 161, 171, 177, 184, 185, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 204, 205, 207–8, 209, 210–11, 212, 228, 229, 231–2, 234, 237, 238, 247, 254, 255, 257, 271, 284, 286, 288–9, 293, 294, 295, 296–8, 300
Hambro, Lady Ebba 229–30
Hambro, Sir Everard 229
Hamburg America Line, New York City 61, 74, 83, 89, 90, 91, 95
Hamilton, Sir Frederick 117, 118
Handelsschiffs Verkehrsbuch (HVB) 19, 20, 102–3, 106
Hankey, Maurice 92
Hardy, Thomas 131
Hartlepool, German attack on, 1914 21
Harvey, Miss 230
Harvey, Sir Ernest 230
Hay, Alice Ivy 51, 56
Hay, Malcolm 47–52, 56, 105, 124, 137, 138, 139, 140, 208, 239, 241, 254, 262, 289–91, 295–6, 300
Hayler, Miss 230
Headlam, Walter 28–9
Heinrich, Prince 73
Held, Martha 66, 183
Hendens Trust 94
Henderson, Admiral 230
Henderson, Miss 230
Henry of Prussia, Prince 20
Herschell, Lord Richard 81, 82, 118, 136
Hilken, Henry 175–6
Hilken, Paul 176, 177, 181, 183–4
Hindenburg Line 263, 281
Hindu-German conspiracy, 1917, 222–6
Hinsch, Frederick 176, 177, 181–2, 184
Hipper, Admiral Franz von 21, 22, 25, 29–30, 157, 158, 159
Hippisley, Bayntun 18
Hitchings, Captain Oswald Thomas 261–2, 271
Hitler, Adolf 65, 231, 296, 297, 303
Hitt, Captain Parker 192, 213, 216, 217; Manual for the Solution of Military Ciphers 192, 213
Hoboken, New Jersey, bomb-making factory in 76, 77, 173–4
Hogarth, David 246–8
Hohler, Thomas 194–5
Hope, Captain H. W. W. 30, 155
Hopkinson, William 223
Horn, Werner 67, 68
Houghton, W. H. 83
House, Colonel Edward 84, 141, 194, 217, 218
Howells, Major W. R. 147
Hoy, Hugh Cleland 103, 104–5, 107, 119, 133, 235
Huerta, General Victoriano 188–9
Hull, Zeppelin attacks on, 1915 104, 105–6
Hungarian codes 302
Hunstanton, Zeppelin attack on, 1915 100
Hussein, the Sharif of Mecca 248
hydrophone 233
Igel, Wolf von 181, 224
Illinois 198
‘The Indiscreet Use of Telephones’ (British army memo) 165
India 27–8, 56, 59, 60, 96, 131, 221–6, 239, 240, 243
India Office, London 60, 239, 243, 248
Indian Independence Committee 222
Ingenhol, Admiral Friedrich von 21–2, 29
Intelligence Police, US 269–70
Ireland 7, 42, 44, 63, 74, 85, 88, 96–7, 121, 141–53, 187, 193, 196, 211–12, 219, 222, 223, 238, 268, 299; Home Rule/Irish Question/Irish nationalist movement 96–7, 141–53, 196, 211–12, 223
Irish Brigade 145–53, 147, 211–12
Irish Republican Brotherhood 144
Irish Volunteers 143, 144, 147, 148, 153
Italy 75, 89, 93, 126, 129, 138, 139, 149, 197, 211, 230, 237, 302, 303; intelligence/codebreaking 230, 237, 302, 303
ITOC (listening set) 166, 167
J. P. Morgan & Company 35–6, 74, 75, 177
Jackson, Captain Thomas 157–8, 160
Jagow, Gottlieb von 46
Jahnke, Kurt 182, 183, 203
Jamaica 65
James, Captain William ‘Bubbles’ 155–6, 238
Japan 64, 67, 139, 187, 188, 191, 196–7, 219, 225, 301
Jellicoe, Lord 23, 24, 24, 25, 31, 135, 157, 158–9, 160, 161, 227, 288
John A. Roebling Company, Trenton, New Jersey 68
Johnson 17 177–80
Juno, HMS 43
Jutland, Battle of, 1916 155, 157–61, 227, 283, 299
Kell, Vernon 124, 215
Kleist, Captain Karl von 76
Knox, Alfred Dillwyn (Dilly) 27–9, 55, 106–7, 156, 185, 230–1, 238, 287, 288, 300–2, 303, 304
Koenig, Paul 89–92, 90, 183
Kristianiafjord, SS 257
Kristoff, Michael 181–2, 183
Krohn, Baron Hans von 130, 134, 135, 136, 211
Krupp Industries 65, 221
Kut, siege and fall of, 1915 240, 245
Lansing, Robert 95, 196, 208, 212
Lawrence, T. E. 248–9, 251
Le Queux, William 123
Leader, Private Otis W. 265, 277
Lehigh Valley Railroad 179, 180, 181
Lenin, V. I. 254–5, 256
Lewisohn, Oscar 96
Leyden, Cornelius 180
Limburg Stirum, Count of 80–1
Lloyd George, David 231, 240, 285, 294
London, Zeppelin attacks on, 1915 99, 100, 101, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 109
Loos offensive, 1915 93
Lord Erne, SS 77
Louis, Solomon Bond 276–7
Lowestoft: DF station at 26; German naval attack on, 1916 157
Ludendorff, General Erich 281
Lusitania, RMS 37, 38–46, 83, 85, 93, 173
Luxborg, Count 208–10
M. Martinez and Company 221
MacDonald, Ramsay 253, 297
Macedonia Front 138
Macgregor, Professor Duncan 262
Mackenzie, Compton 124–7, 126
Magdeburg 18–19, 20, 254
Makins, Captain O. M. 257
Mansfield, Sydney 94, 95
Marconi Company 10, 17, 18, 26, 161, 167, 234
Marconi Experimental Laborator
y, Surrey 167
Marconi, Guglielmo 9–10, 18, 26
Mare Island Navy Yard, California 182
Marines, US 182, 183, 188
Marlowe, Thomas 120
Marne, First Battle of the, 1914 53, 273
Mason, A. E. W. 130–4, 136, 204–7, 297
Matapan, Battle of, 1941 303
Maude, General 243, 244, 245, 246
Maugham, Somerset 255
Maverick 222–3, 225
McAdam-Vanceboro railway bridge 67–8
McAdoo, William Gibbs 219
McGovern, Mary 180
McKenna, Reginald 114
McNaughton, Brigadier General Andrew 280
Mediterranean 9, 20, 93, 95, 126, 129–40, 234, 235, 237, 239, 249
Megiddo, Battle of, 1918 251
Mesopotamia (Iraq) 1, 211, 239–40, 242–4, 243, 245–6
Mexican Army 191, 192, 196, 197
Mexican Northwestern Railway 191
Mexico 36, 45, 62, 64, 134, 176, 185, 186–99, 203–7, 267
MI-8 (US Military Intelligence cryptology section) 216–19, 218, 225, 271
MI5 (British domestic intelligence agency) 40, 121, 123, 124, 144, 214–15, 221, 293, 303
MI6 (British foreign intelligence agency) 94, 123, 124–7, 232, 255, 293
Middle East 3, 57, 59, 69, 139, 140, 153, 235, 239–41, 244, 246, 251, 300
MI1(e) (British wireless interception agency dealing exclusively with Zeppelin attacks) 105
Military Intelligence, German 172, 176
MI1(b)(British military codebreaking unit); American communications and 56–7; birth and role of 3–5; British dominance of international telegraph traffic and 3–4; commanders/command structure of 47–52, 289–90, 295; concentration on diplomatic traffic 139; Cork Street premises 138–9, 260, 289–90; destruction of Germany’s global wireless service and 4–5; end of/formation of GC&CS and 289–91; expansion of 138; Für GOD system, breaks 139; Greek codes and 137, 138; legacy of 299, 300; Middle East campaigns and 239–51; Room 40 and 57, 139–40, 208, 300; Russian codes and 254; security and privacy 138–9; staff members 53–6; trench codes and 260, 262; Versailles peace conference and 289; Zeppelin attacks and 102, 105
Military Information Division, US 214, 215, 219
Military Intelligence Section, US 215, 216
Military Permit Office, British 122
Miller, E. C. 238
Monteith, Robert 148, 149, 150
Montgomery, Reverend William 27, 60
Moorman, Major Frank 270–1
Morgan Jr, J. P. 80
Morgan, J. P. 36, 74–5
Moritz set 162–3, 164, 165, 166
Morris, Colonel Arthur Henry 257, 258
Morse Patrol and Detective Agency 182
Mudros, DF station on island of 236–7
Muenter, Erich 79–80
Murray, General 249, 250
Natal, HMS 12
Nathan, Robert 96, 221–2, 223, 224
National Dock and Storage Company 180
National Guard, US 183
National Security Agency (NSA), US 305
National Service League, British 114
Nauen transmitter, Germany 4, 139, 204
Naval Intelligence (NID), British 11, 42, 119, 228, 247; Convoy Section 231–2; German Section (ID14) 228–9; in Rome 237
Nebel, Colonel Fritz 273
Neckar, SS 176
Neumünster, wireless interception station in 25, 157, 158
New Jersey, US 68, 76, 77, 89, 177, 178, 183
New Jersey Agricultural Company 76
New York City, US, 1, 34, 35, 38, 39, 40, 44, 61–70, 71–82, 83–5, 88–92, 94, 95–7, 122, 144, 145, 146, 148, 172, 172, 177–84, 179, 195, 215, 216, 221–3, 225, 226, 256–7, 269
New York Harbor, US 71, 74–5, 76, 77, 78, 89, 95, 173, 177, 179, 184
New York Herald 144
New York Times 39, 40, 41–2, 93–4, 180, 196–7, 198, 256, 265–6
New York World 84–5, 95
New York Yacht Club 73, 80
Newcastle, HMS 211
Niagara Falls 65, 66
Nicholas II, Tsar 226, 243, 253, 255, 256, 257
Nicolai, Lieutenant Colonel Walter 35
1917 Club, Soho 253
Nolan, Major Dennis E. 268, 268, 269, 270
Noordam, SS 81
Norddeutsche Allemeine Zeitung 146
Norddeutscher Lloyd 176
North Africa 3, 20, 23, 59, 131, 139, 299
Northciffe, Lord 119, 165, 166
Novyi Mir 257
‘NSL’ (Not Logged or Sent) 25–6, 287
NYPD (New York Police Department) 70, 88–91, 88, 95, 183, 216, 223, 225
Official Secrets Act, British, 1920 295, 300–1
Old Admiralty Building, Whitehall 17
Oliver, Admiral Henry 11, 14, 15, 31, 160
Operations Division, British 30, 31, 158, 160, 161, 284
Oppenheim, Max von 247
Oran 210
Orton, SS 69
Ottoman Empire 1, 59, 93, 114–16, 140, 209, 235, 239–51
Page, Walter 12–13, 195–6, 197–8, 209
Painvin, Captain Georges 272–5, 272
Palestine 87, 239, 240–1, 249–50
Papen, Captain Franz von 62, 62, 63, 64–5, 66, 67, 68, 71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 79, 85, 86–7, 89–90, 92, 97, 145, 173, 181, 183, 221, 223, 224
‘Paris Gun’ 274–5
Pasqua, Sergeant Peter 269–70
Passchendaele, Battle of, (Third Battle of Ypres) 1917 259, 262, 263, 280
Peak, B. T. 41–2
Peaslee, Amos 297, 298
Pershing, John J. 190–2, 191, 199, 265, 266–8, 269, 270, 271
Persia 59, 60, 69, 242, 244
Phillips, William 218
Pinkerton Detective Agency 87–8
Playfair Cipher 260, 276
Playfair, Lord 260
Polk, Frank 95, 196
Polybius square 273
Port Control Section, British 122
Portugal 129, 135, 139
Pound, Ezra 63–4
Priestley, Major R. E. 163
Prussia 20, 53, 76, 186, 187, 224
‘Punitive Expedition’, 1916 190–2, 199
Queen Mary 12, 13, 155, 159
Quinn, John 145
Radio Security Service (RSS) 303
‘radio tractors’ 192
Ransome, Arthur 255
Rashad V, Sultan-Caliph Mehmed 59
Rathom, John Revelstoke 40
Rawlinson, General Sir Henry 280
Reading, Lord 118, 119
Regnier, Martha 211
Reid, Malcolm 223
Reiss, Mena 183
Rice, Sir Cecil Spring 80
Rintelen, Captain Franz von 71–4, 72, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80–2, 171, 172, 173, 175, 176, 177, 181, 195, 297
River codes 276
Roddam, Lieutenant Colonel 230
Roddam, Olive 230–1
Room 40 (British naval codebreaking unit), Admiralty: Argentinian trade with Germany and 207–12; birth of 15–19; capture of German code books and 18–20, 59, 60, 69, 102–3, 106–8, 128, 139, 192, 198, 237–8, 254, 290; commanders/command structure 10–15, 113–28 see also Hall, Reginald ‘Blinker’; contribution to war effort 3, 299–300; Dardanelles campaign and 114–19; DF stations and see DF stations; Dogger Bank battle, 1915 and 29–30; end of war and 287–9; French intelligence, cooperation with 237; German collapse and 283–7; German naval attacks on Britain, 1914 and 21–2; home of 17; hunting of spies within Britain 121–3; Ireland and 141–53, 211–12; Italian intelligence, cooperation with 237; Battle of Jutland and 156–61; legacy of 299–300; Lusitania sinking and 38–40, 42–3; manipulation of press 119–21; Marconi and 10, 17; Mediterranean theatre and 129–40; Mexican wireless station sabotage and 204–7; MI6 and 123–7; MI1(b), relationship with 57, 139–40, 208, 300; ‘NSL’: Not Logged or Sent 25–6; Operations Division and 30, 31, 157–8, 160, 284; power/influence of 113–28; procedur
al and institutional basis for 15–16, 31, 156; processing of intelligence, problems with 31, 42–3, 71, 156, 160–1; radio messages, concentration mainly on 3, 17–18; recruitment 2, 16, 26–9, 57, 60, 69–70, 130–1, 138, 155–6, 229–31, 286 see also under individual recruit name; regarded with suspicion by navy personnel 30, 156; role of 3; Russian Revolution and 254, 255; secrecy over existence of 15–16, 18, 128; shift system 17; Swedish Roundabout and 194, 207–10; U-boat menace and 227–38; United States, cooperation with 197–8, 207–12, 270, 271, 272; United States intelligence services evolution and 87–8, 213, 216, 270, 271, 272; United States, German agents/sabotage attacks in and 60, 69–70, 71, 74–5, 77–9, 81–2, 86, 87, 92–7, 171, 177, 183–4, 203–12, 297; volume of transcripts dealt with 25–6; WT masts and 17–18, 204–6, 228, 234, 235–7; Zeppelin attacks and 102–9; Zimmerman telegram and 185–6, 193–9
Room 53 (office of Dilly Knox) 107
Roosevelt, Theodore 44, 190, 267, 298
Rosenblum, Shlomo 96
Round, Captain Henry Joseph 26, 102
Royal Australian Navy (RAN) 19
Royal Automobile Club (RAC) 51
Royal Engineers (RE) 162, 163, 234, 236, 260
Royal Flying Corps (RFC) 101, 105–6, 167, 168, 169
Royal Irish Constabulary (RUC) 150
Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) 101, 104–5, 108
Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR) 27, 69, 101, 156, 247
Royal Navy (RN) 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 17, 19, 21–2, 23, 25, 29–30, 41, 43, 94, 104, 115–19, 123, 143, 147, 150, 157–61, 218, 229, 235, 236, 242, 247, 284 see also Admiralty, British; Room 40 and under individual battle or vessel name
rudder bomb 172–3
Russia 3, 19, 20, 34, 59, 125, 138, 166, 181, 227, 243, 253–8, 265, 269, 273, 285, 293; intelligence/codebreakers 3, 243, 254, 255 see also Soviet Union
Ryan, Thomas Fortune 215
Salonika, Greece 137, 138, 242, 246
‘San Diego Plan’ 188
San Jose 134
Sanders, General Limon von 250
Sandy, John Edwin 298
Satzbüch 260
Saud, Ibn 248
Sayonara 147
Scarborough, German naval attack on, 1914 21, 25, 29
Scheele, Dr Walter Theodore von 75–6, 77, 173–4
Scheer, Admiral Reinhard 156–8, 157, 159–60, 161, 283, 284, 285
Schulenberg, Franz 223
Schwieger, Walter 43
Scotland Yard 81, 122, 150
