by Jane Ridley
29. A. N. Wilson, The Victorians (Arrow Books, 2003), p. 55.
30. Theodore Martin, cited in Stanley Weintraub, Albert: Uncrowned King (John Murray, 1997), p. 31.
31. QVJ, 22 October 1839, in Hibbert, Letters and Journals, p. 58.
32. RA VIC/MAIN is still organized by Albert’s filing system.
33. QV to King Leopold, 11 February 1840, in Benson and Esher, Letters of Queen Victoria, vol. 1, p. 217.
34. QV to Vicky, 15 March 1858, in Dearest Child: Letters Between Queen Victoria and the Princess Royal, 1858–1861, ed. Roger Fulford (Evans, 1964), p. 77.
35. QV to Albert, 31 January 1840, in Benson and Esher, Letters of Queen Victoria, vol. 1, p. 213.
36. Albert to his brother Ernest, September 1840, in Charlot, Victoria, p. 193.
37. King Leopold to QV, 22 January 1841, in Benson and Esher, Letters of Queen Victoria, vol. 1, p. 257.
38. Albert to his brother Ernest [March 1841], in Weintraub, Albert, p. 118.
39. QV to Vicky, 15 June 1859, in Fulford, Dearest Child, p. 195.
40. QV to Vicky, 9 June 1858, in Fulford, Dearest Child, p. 112.
CHAPTER 2: “OUR POOR STRANGE BOY” 1841–56
1. Victoria’s description of Bertie at age ten: RA VIC/Y97/23, QV to King Leopold, 29 June 1852.
2. Lord Melbourne to QV, 1 December 1841, in Benson and Esher, Letters of Queen Victoria, vol. 1, p. 365. RA VIC/M11/44, Duke Ernest of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Albert, 28 November 1841.
3. RA VIC/Y198/181, QV to King Leopold, 14 July 1843.
4. QV to King Leopold, 6 June 1843, refers to “Bertie (as we call the boy),” in Hibbert, Letters and Journals, p. 95.
5. RA VIC/Y54/88, Anson’s memo, 21 October 1841. RA QVJ, 10 December 1841.
6. QV to Vicky, 5 March 1859, in Fulford, Dearest Child, p. 165.
7. QV to King Leopold, 7 December 1841, in Benson and Esher, Letters of Queen Victoria, vol. 1, p. 366.
8. RA VIC/Y54/100, Anson’s memo, 26 December 1841.
9. Woodham-Smith, Queen Victoria, p. 300.
10. QV to Vicky, 17 November 1858, 4 May 1859, in Fulford, Dearest Child, pp. 144, 267.
11. RA VIC/Y198/140, QV to King Leopold, 14 December 1841. RA VIC/Y99/23, QV to King Leopold, 13 June 1854.
12. QV to Vicky, 1 August 1860, in Fulford, Dearest Child, p. 267. QV to King Leopold, 20 September 1842, in Benson and Esher, Letters of Queen Victoria, vol. 1, p. 431.
13. QV to Vicky, 15 March 1858, in Fulford, Dearest Child, p. 78.
14. Charlot, Victoria, pp. 193–95, 209–10. Roger Fulford, Hanover to Windsor (Fontana/Collins, 1966), p. 59.
15. Albert to Baron Stockmar, 15 January 1842, in Charlot, Victoria, pp. 209–10.
16. RA VIC/Y54/98, Anson’s memo, 5 December 1841.
17. See Elizabeth Longford, Victoria RI (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964), p. 149. For Albert’s search for power, see Charlot, Victoria, pp. 210–16.
18. Charlot, Victoria, pp. 218–20. E. S. Turner, The Court of St. James’s (Michael Joseph, 1959), pp. 305–7.
19. RA QVJ, 25 January 1842.
20. RA QVJ, 6 April 1842.
21. Charlot, Victoria, pp. 277–78.
22. RA VIC/M13/46, Lady Lyttelton to QV, 29 September 1843.
23. Lady Lyttelton to QV, 16 February 1844, in Lord Esher, The Influence of King Edward (John Murray, 1915), p. 6.
24. RA VIC/M13/68, Lady Lyttelton’s Journal, 24 August 1845. RA VIC/M13/74, Lady Lyttelton’s Journal, 3 September 1845.
25. Charlot, Victoria, p. 280.
26. Correspondence of Sarah Spencer, Lady Lyttelton, ed. Hon. Mrs. Hugh Wyndham (John Murray, 1912), pp. 362, 372.
27. Eleanor Stanley to her father, 26 September 1846, in Twenty Years at Court: From the Correspondence of the Hon. Eleanor Stanley, ed. Mrs. Steuart Erskine (Nisbet, 1916), p. 122.
28. QVJ, 3 November 1844, in Charlot, Victoria, p. 281.
29. Esher, Influence of King Edward, p. 6.
30. RA VIC/Add A5/22, Birch’s Stray Leaves Amongst My Papers, June 1850, an extract from Birch’s Journal, returned to QV in 1877.
31. Diary of Frederick Gibbs, 26 January 1851, in “The Education of a Prince,” Cornhill Magazine, vol. 165 (1951), p. 107.
32. John C. G. Rohl, Young Wilhelm: The Kaiser’s Early Life 1859–1888 (Cambridge University Press, 1998), p. 116.
33. RA VIC/M12/14, Stockmar’s memo, 8 March 1842.
34. See Jean Meyer, L’Education des Princes en Europe du XVe Au XIXe Siècle (Perrin, 2004), pp. 210–14. John Rogister’s review in Times Literary Supplement, 18 March 2005.
35. RA VIC/M12/40, Stockmar’s memo [June 1846].
36. RA VIC/M12/66, Miss Hildyard’s timetable, Prince of Wales [January 1848].
37. RA VIC/M13/89, Lady Lyttelton to QV, 3 September 1847.
38. RA VIC/M13/51, Lady Lyttelton to QV, 11 September 1844.
39. Baron Bunsen, quoted in Sidney Lee, King Edward VII (Macmillan, 1925), vol. 1, p. 17.
40. RA VIC/M12/35, QV’s memo, 4 March 1844.
41. Christopher Hibbert, Edward VII (Allen Lane, 1976), pp. 9–10.
42. RA VIC/Z442/43, Frederick Gibbs to Albert, 14 August 1857.
43. RA VIC/M12/35, QV’s memo, 4 March 1844.
44. Royal College of Physicians, Diary of Sir James Clark, 8 June 1848.
45. RA VIC/M15/107, Birch’s memo, 25 February 1852.
46. RA VIC/M14/37, Albert’s memo, Education of the Prince of Wales, 12 April 1849.
47. RA VIC/Z444/68, Reverend Tarver to Albert, 9 March 1859.
48. The Greville Diary, ed. P. W. Wilson (William Heinemann, 1927), vol. 2, pp. 454–55 (22 January 1848).
49. RA VIC/EVIID/1849–51, note by Birch, 10 March 1877.
50. RA VIC/M15/1, Henry Birch to Albert, 26 October 1850.
51. Royal College of Physicians, Diary of Sir James Clark, 24 June 1849.
52. RA VIC/Add J1665/4, Notes by Andrew Thomson (Balmoral dancing teacher), 30 August 1849.
53. RA VIC/M14/49, Mr. Birch’s Private Thoughts, 1 December 1849.
54. RA VIC/M15/19, Henry Birch to Baron Stockmar, 24 November 1850.
55. RA VIC/EVIID/1849–51, Journal Dictated by Me to Mr. Birch, Albert Edward, 2 May 1850, 31 October 1850, 5 November 1850, 11 November 1850, 26 December 1850, 3 January 1851.
56. RA VIC/M15/16, Henry Birch to Baron Stockmar, 20 November 1850.
57. RA VIC/M14/107, George Combe to James Clark, 22 June 1850. RA VIC/M12/2, George Combe to Albert, 21 October 1850.
58. Correspondence between Albert and George Combe, in Hibbert, Edward VII, p. 10.
59. RA VIC/M15/17, Albert’s memo, n.d.
60. RA VIC/M15/60, George Combe to James Clark, 27 March 1851.
61. RA VIC/M15/98, 8 December 1851, Dr. Becker to George Combe.
62. RA VIC/EVIID/1851: 27 September, 26 December.
63. RA VIC/EVIID/1852: 7, 8, and 20 January.
64. RA VIC/M15/107, Birch’s memo, 25 February 1852.
65. Diary of Frederick Gibbs, January 1852, Cornhill Magazine, vol. 165 (1951), p. 106.
66. RA GV/GG9/439, Lord Esher to Frederick Ponsonby, 19 April 1914. See p. 585.
67. Gibbs’s Diary, 28 February 1852, Cornhill Magazine, vol. 165 (1951), p. 111.
68. RA VIC/Y97/23, QV to King Leopold, 29 June 1852.
69. RA VIC/M15/105, Becker’s memo, 9 February 1852.
70. Nightingale Papers, Wellcome MS8993/104, Florence Nightingale to family, 20 September [1852]: I am indebted to Mark Bostridge for this reference.
71. Becker to Albert, 19 January 1852, in Philip Magnus, King Edward VII (John Murray, 1964), pp. 10–11.
72. Diary of Frederick Gibbs, 2 March 1853, cited in Magnus, King Edward VII, p. 15.
73. RA VIC/EVIID/1853: 13 May.
74. RA VIC/T1/34, Alice to B, n.d.
75. Cited in Gerard Noel, Princess Alice: Queen Victoria’s Forgotten Daughter (Constable, 1974), p. 41.
76. Vicky to Fritz, 17 March 1864, in Rohl,
Young Wilhelm, p. 84.
77. RA VIC/EVIID/1849: 20 September.
78. Duff Hart-Davis, Monarchs of the Glen (Jonathan Cape, 1978), p. 119.
79. Bodleian Library, MSS Film 1120, Papers of Charles Robert Wynn-Carrington, Marquess of Lincolnshire, “King Edward VII as I Knew Him for 55 Years” (typescript).
80. See Nancy Ellenberger, “Constructing George Wyndham: Narratives of Aristocratic Masculinity in Fin-de-Siècle England,” Journal of British Studies, vol. 39 (2000), pp. 493–94. David Roberts, “The Paterfamilias of the Victorian Governing Classes,” in Anthony S. Wohl, The Victorian Family (Croom Helm, 1978), pp. 59–81.
81. Quoted in George Plumptre, Edward VII (Pavilion, 1995), p. 38.
82. Bertie’s diary, 16 April 1855, in Magnus, Edward VII, p. 18.
83. RA VIC/T1/88, Alfred to B, 20 August 1855.
84. Queen Victoria, Leaves from a Journal: A Record of the Visit of the Emperor and Empress of the French to the Queen and of the Visit of the Queen and HRH the Prince Consort to the Emperor of the French 1855, ed. Raymond Mortimer (André Deutsch, 1961), p. 51.
85. Quoted in ibid., p. 20.
86. Ibid., p. 85.
87. Stanley Weintraub, The Importance of Being Edward (John Murray, 2000), p. 28.
88. The Greville Memoirs, vol. 7, ed. Lytton Strachey and Roger Fulford (Macmillan, 1938), p. 157.
89. RA VIC/T1/94, Alfred to B, 13 December 1855.
90. RA VIC/T1/92, Alice to B, 11 December 1855.
91. RA VIC/T1/97, QV to B, 19 December 1855.
92. RA VIC/Y100/48, QV to King Leopold, 18 December 1855.
93. RA VIC/M17/31, Gibbs’s Memo Containing the Reasons for the Separation of the Two Princes in the Spring of 1856.
94. RA VIC/M17/33, B to Albert, 25 March [1856]. RA VIC/M17/35, Albert to B, 25 March 1856.
95. Longford, Victoria RI, p. 275.
96. Royal College of Physicians, Diary of Sir James Clark, 5, 15 February 1856.
97. RA VIC/T1/118, Alice to B, 27 August 1856.
98. Albert to QV, 1 October 1856, in Weintraub, Albert, p. 330.
CHAPTER 3: “NEITHER FISH NOR FLESH” 1856–60
1. Albert’s description of Bertie in a letter to his brother Ernest, 18 November 1858, in The Prince Consort and His Brother, ed. Hector Bolitho (Cobden-Sanderson, 1933), p. 188.
2. RA VIC/Add A5/470E, B’s Notes on Lectures upon Attraction Delivered by Professor Faraday at the Royal Institution, December 1856 and January 1857.
3. RA VIC/Z444/63, Albert to Reverend Tarver, 26 February 1859.
4. Albert to his brother Ernest, 29 September 1857, in Bolitho, Prince Consort and His Brother, p. 177. See QV’s memo, May 1856, in Benson and Esher, Letters of Queen Victoria, vol. 3, pp. 192–94.
5. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, p. 42.
6. RA VIC/Z459/35, QV’s memo, 15 February 1877.
7. RA VIC/T1/185, QV to B, 4 September 1857.
8. RA VIC/Z459, QV’s memo to Henry Ponsonby, 9 July 1872. Albert to his brother Ernest, 18 November 1858, in Bolitho, Prince Consort and His Brother, p. 188
9. RA VIC/Z459/92, QV’s memo, 15 February 1877.
10. RA VIC/Y176/7, B’s Essay on Friends and Flatterers [1857].
11. RA VIC/Z126: 1857, “Wit and Whoppers.”
12. RA VIC/Z442/36, Frederick Gibbs to Albert, 7 August 1857.
13. RA VIC/Z442/32, Frederick Gibbs to Albert, 26 July 1857.
14. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 21.
15. RA VIC/T1/190, QV to B, 13 October 1857.
16. Disraeli, Derby, and the Conservative Party: Journals and Memoirs of Edward Henry, Lord Stanley, 1849–1869, ed. John Vincent (Harvester Press, 1978), p. 181.
17. RA QVJ, 20 October 1857.
18. RA VIC/T1/191, QV to B, 26 October 1857.
19. Albert to his brother Ernest, n.d., in Bolitho, Prince Consort and His Brother, p. 169.
20. RA VIC/Y176/26, Prince of Wales’s History Paper, 1857.
21. Benjamin Disraeli to Mrs. Brydges Willyams, 23 January 1858, in The Correspondence Between Mr. Disraeli and Mrs. Brydges Willyams, ed. Andrew Roberts (Roxburghe Club, 2006), p. 84.
22. RA VIC/T2/1, Vicky to B, 26 January 1858.
23. Theodore Martin, The Life of the Prince Consort (Smith, Elder, 1880), vol. 4, p. 174.
24. Walburga, Lady Paget, Embassies of Other Days (Hutchinson, 1923), vol. 1, pp. 85–86.
25. Andrew Sinclair, The Other Victoria: The Princess Royal and the Great Game of Europe (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1981), p. 33. Vicky to Fritz, 17 March 1864, in Rohl, Young Wilhelm, p. 84.
26. RA VIC/Z463/50, QV to B, 28 August 1862.
27. Paget, Embassies, vol. 1, pp. 85–86.
28. Vicky to Albert [3 February 1858], in Fulford, Dearest Child, p. 31.
29. Albert to Vicky, 3 February 1858, in Hannah Pakula, An Uncommon Woman: The Empress Frederick (Phoenix, 1997), p. 6
30. QV to Vicky, 26 May 1858, 27 November 1858, 1 December 1858, in Fulford, Dearest Child, pp. 109, 147, 148.
31. RA VIC/T2/6, Vicky to B, 29 March 1858.
32. RA VIC/Y41/60, Feodora to QV, 29 March 1858.
33. RA VIC/Z261, QV’s “Remarks Conversations Reflections,” 2 May 1858.
34. Ibid.
35. Strachey and Fulford, Greville Memoirs, vol. 7, pp. 388–89 (12 December 1858).
36. RA VIC/Z443/33, QV’s Memo for the Guidance of the Gentlemen Appointed to Attend on the Prince of Wales, n.d.
37. RA VIC/Z261, QV’s “Remarks Conversations Reflections,” 2 May 1858.
38. Elizabeth Longford, “Queen Victoria’s Doctors,” in A Century of Conflict: Essays for A. J. P. Taylor, ed. Martin Gilbert (Hamish Hamilton, 1966), p. 79. Longford, Victoria RI, p. 276.
39. RA VIC/Z443/56, Col. Robert Lindsay to Charles Phipps, 27 July 1858.
40. RA VIC/Z443/87, Reverend Tarver to Albert, 31 October 1858.
41. QV to Vicky, 10 November 1858, in Fulford, Dearest Child, p. 142.
42. RA VIC/Z443/90, QV and Albert’s memo to B, 9 November 1858.
43. Esher’s journal, 1 February 1909, in Journals and Letters of Reginald Brett, Viscount Esher, ed. Maurice Brett (Ivor Nicholson and Watson, 1934), vol. 2, p. 368.
44. Albert to his brother Ernest, 18 November 1858, in Bolitho, Prince Consort and His Brother, p. 188.
45. RA VIC/Z444/77, Colonel Bruce to Albert, 26 March 1859.
46. The Letters of Elizabeth Barrett Browning to Her Sister Arabella, ed. Scott Lewis (Wedgestone Press, 2002), vol. 2, pp. 396, 402.
47. RA VIC/Z141/50, Albert to B, 9 April 1859.
48. Jules Stewart, Albert (I. B. Tauris, 2012), p. 35.
49. RA VIC/EVIID, Prince of Wales’s Journal, Rome, 7 February 1859.
50. RA VIC/Z444/62, Albert to B, 26 February 1859. RA VIC/Z461/92, B to Albert, 10 March 1859.
51. RA VIC/Z444/68, Reverend Tarver to Albert, 9 March 1859. The Prince of Wales’s journal contains a lengthy revised account of his interview with the pope.
52. Albert to Vicky, 17 November 1858, in Weintraub, Albert, p. 367.
53. RA VIC/Z444/79, General Bruce to Albert, 2 April 1859. RA VIC/Z444/76, Albert to Bruce, 26 March 1859. RA VIC/Z141/50, Albert to B, 9 April 1859. RA VIC/Add A4/194, B to Vicky, 25 December 1900.
54. RA VIC/Z444/86, Albert to General Bruce, 26 April 1859.
55. RA VIC/Z445/24, Albert to Reverend Tarver, 8 September 1859.
56. QV to Vicky, 9 April 1859, 29 June 1859, in Fulford, Dearest Child, pp. 174, 198.
57. RA VIC/T2/88, QV to B, 7 September 1859.
58. RA VIC/Z445/38, Albert to General Bruce, 27 October 1859; see RA VIC/Z443/84, Albert to Dean Liddell, 20 October 1858.
59. Lord Clarendon to the Duchess of Manchester, 29 January 1860, in “My Dear Duchess”: Social and Political Letters to the Duchess of Manchester, 1858–1869, ed. A. L. Kennedy (John Murray, 1956), p. 88.
60. RA VIC/Z445/55, Dean Liddell to General Bruce, 16 December 1859.
61. RA VIC/T3/2, QV to B, 22 January
1860.
62. RA VIC/Z445/61, General Bruce to Albert, 13 February 1860.
63. RA VIC/Z445/68, Dean Liddell to General Bruce, 30 March 1860; Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, p. 78.
64. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 92. Fulford, Hanover to Windsor, pp. 118–19. For Johnstone, see The New York Times, 19 March 1914; Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, p. 80; Elizabeth Hamilton, The Warwickshire Scandal (Michael Russell, 1999), p. 93.
65. Archive of Henry Poole and Co., Client Ledgers, Measurements of Prince of Wales.
66. RA VIC/T3/23, QV to B, 10 March 1860. RA VIC/T3/13, QV to B, 14 February 1860.
67. RA VIC/Add A3/8, B to QV, 23 February 1860.
68. RA VIC/T3/16, QV to B, 23 February 1860.
69. RA VIC/T3/20, B to QV, 29 February 1860.
70. RA VIC/T2/63, QV to B, 7 May 1859.
71. RA VIC/T2/107, Vicky to B, 21 December 1859.
72. Kennedy, “My Dear Duchess,” p. 106.
73. RA VIC/T2/96, Alice to B, 5 November 1859. RA VIC/T2/69, Alice to B, 15 July 1859. RA VIC/ T2/60, Alice to B, 3 April 1859.
74. RA VIC/T2/104, Alice to B, 13 December 1859.
75. RA VIC/T3/14, Alice to B, 18 February 1860.
76. Kennedy, “My Dear Duchess,” pp. 136, 197.
77. B to Alice, 17 August 1860, in Noel, Princess Alice, p. 38. Kennedy, “My Dear Duchess,” pp. 136, 197.
78. RA VIC/T3/50, B to QV, 13 June 1860.
79. RA VIC/Z141/64, Albert to B, 17 June 1860.
80. The Times, 21 June 1860.
81. Albert to Baron Stockmar, 27 April 1860, in Martin, Prince Consort, vol. 5, p. 87.
82. RA VIC/Z141/68, Albert to B, 17 August 1860.
83. RA VIC/Z461/113, B to Albert, 6 September 1860.
84. Woodham-Smith, Queen Victoria, p. 517.
85. RA VIC/T3/57, B to QV, 7 October 1860.
86. RA VIC/T3/58, B to Albert, 14 October 1860. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, p. 104.
87. QV to Vicky, 10 November 1860, in Fulford, Dearest Child, p. 279.
88. RA QVJ, 15, 16 November 1860. RA VIC/Add C24/7, Lord Torrington to Delane, 16 December 1860.
