by Jane Ridley
CHAPTER 4: BERTIE’S FALL 1861
1. RA VIC/Z446/5, Dean Liddell to General Bruce, 19 December 1860.
2. RA VIC/Z461/115, B to Albert, 9 February 1861. RA VIC/Z446/12, Charles Kingsley to Dean of Windsor, 9 February 1861. RA VIC/T3/61, B to QV, 19 January 1861.
3. Rothschild Archive, 000/12, Nathaniel Rothschild to his parents, n.d. [1861].
4. RA VIC/T3/58a, QV to B, 22 November 1860. RA VIC/T3/58b, B to QV, 23 November 1860.
5. RA VIC/Add MSS U143/Reel 4, 26 July 1861. QV to Vicky, 26 December 1860, in Fulford, Dearest Child, p. 295.
6. RA VIC/Z446/13, General Bruce to Albert, 10 March 1861. Rothschild Archive, 000/12, Nathaniel Rothschild to his parents, n.d. [1861].
7. Niall Ferguson, The World’s Banker (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1998), p. 769.
8. Rothschild Archive, 000/12, Nathaniel Rothschild to his parents, n.d. [1861]. Stanley Weintraub, Charlotte and Lionel: A Rothschild Love Story (Simon and Schuster, 2003), pp. 159–60.
9. Albert to Stockmar, 5 April 1861, in Martin, Prince Consort, vol. 5, p. 335.
10. Ibid.
11. Charlot, Victoria, pp. 410–13. Woodham-Smith, Queen Victoria, pp. 523–24.
12. Kennedy, “My Dear Duchess,” pp. 143–44.
13. Vicky to QV, 4 April 1861; QV to Vicky, 10 April 1861; QV to Vicky, 17 April 1861, in Fulford, Dearest Child, pp. 318, 320–21.
14. RA VIC/Add A3/38, QV to B, 13 April 1861.
15. RA VIC/Add A3/40, B to QV, 16 April 1861.
16. RA VIC/Z462/between 101 and 102.
17. RA VIC/Z462/14, Vicky to QV, 1 March 1861. Vicky to QV, 20 April 1861, in Fulford, Dearest Child, p. 323.
18. RA VIC/Z462/22, Baron Stockmar to QV, 6 April 1861. Vicky to QV, 21 December 1860; Vicky to QV, 22 February 1861, in Fulford, Dearest Child, pp. 293, 311.
19. RA VIC/Z462/43, Vicky to Albert, 6 June 1861. Vicky to QV, 4 June 1861, in Fulford, Dearest Child, pp. 337–38. Pakula, Uncommon Woman, p. 48.
20. Vicky to QV, 6 September 1862, in Dearest Mama: Letters Between Queen Victoria and the Crown Princess of Prussia, 1861–1864, ed. Roger Fulford (Evans, 1968), p. 104.
21. QV to Vicky, 19 June 1861, in Fulford, Dearest Child, p. 342.
22. RA VIC/Z141/82, Albert to B, 10 June 1861. RA QVJ, 26 May 1861.
23. RA VIC/Z462/46, B to Albert, 11 June 1861. RA QVJ, 12 June 1861.
24. RA VIC/Z446/13, General Bruce to Albert, 10 March 1861. RA VIC/Z446/31, Bruce to Charles Phipps, 4 July 1861.
25. RA VIC/Add A3/56, B to QV, 17 July 1861.
26. RA VIC/Y107/2, QV to King Leopold, 16 July 1861.
27. RA VIC/Z446/38, General Bruce to Albert, 15 August 1861. RA QVJ, 24 August 1861.
28. RA VIC/EVIID/1861: 6, 9, 10 September.
29. RA VIC/Z141/94, Albert to B, 16 November 1861. According to Albert, this took place in another officer’s tent; but it seems more likely that it was a hut.
30. Ulrik Langen, “Travelling Incognito,” Court Historian, vol. 7 (2002), pp. 154–55.
31. RA VIC/Z462/73, QV’s memo, 9 August 1861. Vicky to QV, 21 September 1861; Vicky to QV, 26 September 1861, in Fulford, Dearest Child, pp. 349–51. Magnus, Edward VII, pp. 48–49; Georgina Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra (Constable, 1969), p. 27.
32. QV to Vicky, 1 October 1861, in Fulford, Dearest Child, p. 353.
33. Vicky to QV, 12 October 1861, in ibid., p. 356.
34. QV to Vicky, 10 October 1861, in ibid., p. 357.
35. Albert’s memo to B, 7 October 1861, in Magnus, Edward VII, pp. 49–50.
36. Albert to his brother Ernest, 22 July 1861, in Bolitho, Prince Consort and His Brother, pp. 364–66.
37. Baron Stockmar to Albert, 20 November 1861; QV to Vicky, 11 January 1862, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 38.
38. Bodleian Library, MSS Film 1120, Lincolnshire Papers, B to Charles Carrington, 23 January 1862.
39. See Michael Mason, The Making of Victorian Sexuality (OUP, 1995), pp. 94–95, 119–22.
40. QV to Vicky, 12 November 1861, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 132.
41. RA VIC/Z141/94, Albert to B, 16 November 1861.
42. Derby diary, 25 December 1861, in Vincent, Disraeli, Derby, p. 181.
43. RA VIC/Add C07/1/0313, Charles Phipps to General Knollys, 22 November 1864. Genealogical research has failed to produce a convincing identity for the Greens: author emails from Anthony Camp, 24 January, 3 February, 23 February 2010.
44. RA VIC/Z141/95, Albert to B, 20 November 1861.
45. RA VIC/Y43/7, Feodora to QV, 4 December 1861.
46. RA, VIC/Add C/24/18, Lord Granville to Delane, 19 December 1861.
47. Longford, Victoria RI, p. 288.
48. Helen Rappaport, Magnificent Obsession: Victoria, Albert and the Death That Changed the Monarchy (Hutchinson, 2011), pp. 25–38.
49. Bodleian Library, MSS Film 1120, Lincolnshire Papers, Carrington Diary, 25 November 1861.
50. QV to Vicky, 12 November 1862, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 132.
51. QV to Vicky, 27 November 1861, in Fulford, Dearest Child, p. 370.
52. Albert to Vicky, 29 November 1861, in Pakula, Uncommon Woman, p. 56.
53. Rothschild Archive, 000/12, Nathaniel Rothschild to his parents, “Sunday” [15 December 1861].
54. Rothschild Archive, 000/12, Nathaniel Rothschild to his parents, “Sunday” [8 December 1861].
55. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, p. 123.
56. Rappaport, Magnificent Obsession, pp. 68–69.
57. RA VIC/Add C30/53, Account of the Prince Consort’s death, possibly written by or for Sir Charles Locock. Martyn Downer, The Queen’s Knight (Bantam Press, 2007), p. 121.
58. RA VIC/Add C30/53, Account of the Prince Consort’s death, possibly written by or for Sir Charles Locock.
59. The date of Alice’s telegram is not clear. According to one account (RA VIC/Add C30/53), Alice telegrammed Bertie after the conversation with Albert on Wednesday 11 December; however, Ponsonby suggests the telegram was sent on Thursday evening. (RA VIC/Add A36/5, Henry Ponsonby to his mother, Lady Emily Ponsonby, 14 December 1861.)
60. Rothschild Archive, 000/12, Nathaniel Rothschild to his parents, Sunday [15 December 1861].
61. RA VIC/Add A36/5, Henry Ponsonby to his mother, Lady Emily Ponsonby, 14 December 1861.
62. Quoted in Rappaport, Magnificent Obsession, p. 76.
63. RA VIC/Add A36/6, Henry Ponsonby to his mother, Lady Emily Ponsonby, 14 December 1861. RA VIC/Add C30/53, Account of the Prince Consort’s death, possibly written by or for Sir Charles Locock.
64. Ibid. RA VIC/Add A36/6, Henry Ponsonby to his mother, Lady Emily Ponsonby, 14 December 1861.
65. RA VIC/Add C24/20, Lord Torrington to Delane, 23 December 1861. The Times, 24 December 1861.
66. RA VIC/Add C24/17, Lord Torrington to Delane, 18 December 1861. RA VIC/Add C30/53, Account of the Prince Consort’s death, possibly written by or for Sir Charles Locock.
67. Longford, “Queen Victoria’s Doctors,” pp. 85–86. Longford, Victoria RI, pp. 295–96.
68. See Stanley Weintraub, “Prince Albert,” ODNB.
69. Rappaport, Magnificent Obsession, pp. 249–60.
70. Martin, Prince Consort, vol. 5, p. 415. Vicky to QV, 29 December 1861, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 32.
71. Royal College of Physicians, Diary of Sir James Clark, December 1861.
CHAPTER 5: MARRIAGE 1861–63
1. RA VIC/Add C10/49, Francis Seymour to his father, George Seymour, 25 December 1861.
2. Bodleian Library, MSS Film 1120, Lincolnshire Papers, B to Charles Carrington, 19 December 1861.
3. Mapperton, Sandwich Papers, B to Lord Hinchingbrooke, 20 December 1861.
4. The Times, 24 December 1861.
5. William Kuhn, “Queen Victoria’s Civil List: What Did She Do With it?,” Historical Journal, vol. 36 (1993), pp. 653–58.
6. Derby diary, 23 January 1862, in Vincent, Disraeli, Derby, p. 182. See David Cannadine, “The Last Hanoverian Sovereign?: The Vic
torian Monarchy in Historical Perspective, 1688–1988,” in The First Modern Society: Essays in English History in Honour of Lawrence Stone, ed. A. L. Beier, David Cannadine, and James M. Rosenheim (Cambridge University Press, 1989), esp. pp. 143–45.
7. Derby diary, 16 December 1861, in Vincent, Disraeli, Derby, p. 180.
8. The Times, 17, 24 December 1861. Delane, the editor of The Times, was inspired by Lord Torrington and Lord Granville. See RA VIC/Add C24/17, Torrington to Delane, 18 December 1861; RA Vic/Add C24/18, Granville to Delane, 19 December 1861.
9. RA VIC/Add C10/49, Francis Seymour to his father, George Seymour, 25 December 1861.
10. QV to Vicky, 18 December 1861, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 23.
11. RA VIC/Z261, QV’s “Remarks Conversations Reflections,” p. 230.
12. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 53. Longford, Victoria RI, p. 312.
13. Lord Clarendon to the Duchess of Manchester, 14 March 1862, in Kennedy, “My Dear Duchess,” p. 186.
14. QV to Vicky, 8 January 1862, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 38.
15. QV to Vicky, 27 December 1861, in ibid., p. 30.
16. RA VIC/Add MSS U/16, Lord Hertford’s Account of Queen Victoria, 12 February 1862.
17. RA VIC/Z446/49, QV’s memo, 5 January 1862.
18. Lord Clarendon to the Duchess of Manchester, 24 January 1862, in Kennedy, “My Dear Duchess,” p. 181.
19. RA QVJ, 29 January 1862.
20. QV to Vicky, 11 January 1862, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 38.
21. RA QVJ, 6 February 1862.
22. RA VIC/EVIID, Diary of Grand Tour, 17, 18 February 1862. Bodleian Library, MSS Film 1120, Lincolnshire Papers, B to Charles Carrington, 10 March 1862.
23. A Victorian Dean: A Memoir of Arthur Stanley, ed. Dean of Windsor and Hector Bolitho (Chatto and Windus, 1930), pp. 120–22.
24. Bodleian Library, MSS Film 1120, Lincolnshire Papers, B to Charles Carrington, 10 March 1862.
25. Dean of Windsor and Bolitho, Victorian Dean, p. 194.
26. RA VIC/EVIID, Diary of Grand Tour, 1 April 1862. Martin Gilbert, author information, November 2010.
27. Bodleian Library, MSS Film 1120, Lincolnshire Papers, B to Charles Carrington, 25 May 1862.
28. QV to Vicky, 11 January 1862, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 5.
29. Vicky to QV, 19 January 1862, in ibid., pp. 43–44.
30. Vicky to QV, 11 April 1862, in ibid., p. 51.
31. RA VIC/Z462/102, Wally Paget to Countess Blucher, 5 January 1862. RA VIC/Z462/103, Augustus Paget to Countess Blucher, 8 January 1862. RA VIC/Z462/108, Augustus Paget to Baron Stockmar, 17 January 1862.
32. QV to Vicky, 16 April 1862, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 62.
33. Vicky to QV, 21 June 1862, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 82.
34. QV to Vicky, 25 June 1862, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, pp. 83–84.
35. Vicky to QV, 15 April 1862, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 54.
36. QV to Vicky, 18 June 1862, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 78.
37. RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 1, QV to Alice, 21 July 1862. QV to Vicky, 29 July 1862, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 98.
38. Rappaport, Magnificent Obsession, p. 132.
39. Lord Clarendon to the Duchess of Manchester, 20 March 1862, in Kennedy, “My Dear Duchess,” p. 189. Rappaport, Magnificent Obsession, p. 133.
40. Lord Clarendon to the Duchess of Manchester, 25 December 1862, in Kennedy, “My Dear Duchess,” p. 207.
41. QV to Vicky, 2 July 1862, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 85.
42. RA VIC/Z463/50, QV to B, 28 August 1862.
43. RA VIC/Z447/21, QV to B, 9 July 1862.
44. RA VIC/Z447/27, B to QV, 15 July 1862.
45. RA VIC/Z463/50, QV to B, 28 August 1862.
46. RA VIC/Z463/52, B to QV, 31 August 1862.
47. Bodleian Library, MSS Film 1120, Lincolnshire Papers, B to Charles Carrington, 7 August 1862.
48. QV to Vicky, 24 January 1862, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 44.
49. RA VIC/T3/81, QV to B, 28 August 1862. RA VIC/T3/82, QV’s memo of 23 August 1862.
50. RA QVJ, 3 September 1862.
51. RA VIC/T3/88, QV to B, 3 September 1862.
52. RA VIC/Z463/60, B to QV, 7 September 1862.
53. RA VIC/Z463/67, B to QV, 9 September 1862.
54. RA VIC/Z463/71, King Leopold to QV, 9 September 1862.
55. RA QVJ, 9 September 1862. RA VIC/Z463/59, the Duke of Newcastle to QV, 6 September 1862.
56. RA VIC/Z463/83, B to QV, 11 September 1863.
57. BL, Paget Papers, Add MS 51237, fols. 173–77, General Grey to Augustus Paget, 10 December 1862.
58. RA VIC/Z463/116, Lady Augusta Bruce to Wally Paget, 26 October 1862.
59. RA VIC/Z463/135, QV to Vicky, 12 November 1862.
60. Copenhagen Letters, Alix to Minnie, 10 November 1862.
61. Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 41. RA VIC/T3/105, General Grey to Augustus Paget, 27 November 1862.
62. QV to Vicky, 6 November 1862, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, pp. 125–26.
63. Lord Clarendon to the Duchess of Manchester, 14 September 1862, in Kennedy, “My Dear Duchess,” p. 201.
64. Vicky to QV, 15 November 1862, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 134.
65. RA VIC/Add C24/37, Lord Torrington to Delane, 7 December 1862.
66. RA VIC/Add C24/35, Lord Torrington to Delane, 3 December 1862. RA VIC Add C24/36, Lord Torrington to Delane, 6 December 1862.
67. BL, Paget Papers, Add MS 51237, fols. 6–8, Augustus Paget to Wally Paget, 27 February 1863.
68. RA QVJ, 7 March 1863.
69. BL, Paget Papers, Add MS 51237, fols. 29–32, Augustus Paget to Wally Paget, 8 March 1863.
70. RA VIC/Z463/45, Lord Palmerston to QV, 6 March 1863. RA VIC/ Z463/46, QV to Lord Palmerston, 7 March 1863.
71. RA QVJ, 7 March 1863.
72. Lord Clarendon to the Duchess of Manchester, 10 March 1863, in Kennedy, “My Dear Duchess,” p. 214.
73. RA QVJ, 10 March 1863.
74. Lord Clarendon to the Duchess of Manchester, 10 March 1863, in Kennedy, “My Dear Duchess,” p. 214.
75. RA QVJ, 10 March 1863.
76. Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, pp. 49–50.
77. Lord Clarendon to the Duchess of Manchester, 10 March 1863, in Kennedy, “My Dear Duchess,” p. 214.
78. RA QVJ, 10 March 1863. Disraeli’s Reminiscences, ed. Helen M. Swartz and Martin Swartz (Hamish Hamilton, 1975), p. 78.
79. RA QVJ, 10 March 1863.
80. Bodleian Library, MSS Film 1120. Lincolnshire Papers, Carrington Diary, 10 March 1863. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 68.
81. Margaret Homans, Royal Representations: Queen Victoria and British Culture, 1837–1876 (University of Chicago Press, 1998), pp. 60–61.
82. RA QVJ, 26 March 1863.
83. RA QVJ, 9 March 1863.
84. Homans, Royal Representations, pp. 171–74.
85. RA VIC/Add C10/73, Francis Seymour to his father, George Seymour, 3 December 1862.
CHAPTER 6: “TOTALLY TOTALLY UNFIT … FOR EVER BECOMING KING” 1863–65
1. RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 1, QV to Princess Alice, 7 July 1863.
2. RA VIC/Z464/72, Mrs. Bruce (widow of General Bruce) to QV, 29 March 1863.
3. Quoted in Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 56.
4. Copenhagen Letters, Box 102, Alix to Minnie, 2 April 1863.
5. RA VIC/Z464/73, Mrs. Bruce to QV, 1 April 1863.
6. Benjamin Disraeli to Lady Chesterfield, 15 December 1873, in Letters of Disraeli to Lady Bradford and Lady Chesterfield, ed. Marquis of Zetland (Ernest Benn, 1929), vol. 1, pp. 291–93.
7. RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 1, QV to Alice, 14 May 1863. The originals of QV’s letters to Alice are in Darmstadt.
8. RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 1, QV to Alice, 15 May 1863.
9. QV to Vicky, 25 March 1863; QV to Vicky, 4 April 1863, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, pp. 186, 190.
10. QV to Vicky, 18 March 1863, 22 April 1863, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, pp. 183, 202.
11. QV
to Vicky, 24 June 1863, 11 July 1863, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, pp. 236, 246–47.
12. RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 1, QV to Alice, 17 June 1863.
13. RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 1, QV to Alice, 7 July 1863.
14. RA VIC/Add C07/1/0121, Francis Knollys to General Knollys, 9 April 1863. RA VIC/Add C07/1/1022 and RA VIC/Add C07/1/1023, Francis Knollys to General Knollys, 10 April 1863.
15. RA VIC/Add C07/1/0007, B to General Knollys, 30 January 1863. RA VIC/Add C07/1/114, General Knollys to Francis Knollys, 5 April 1863. RA VIC/Add C07/1/115, Francis Knollys to General Knollys, 8 April 1863.
16. Nancy Ellenberger, “The Transformation of London ‘Society’ at the End of Victoria’s Reign,” Albion, vol. 22 (1990), pp. 640–41.
17. Lady Knightley’s journal, quoted in Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 54.
18. Copenhagen Letters, Box 102, Alix to Minnie, 20 May 1863. The Times, 16, 19 May 1863.
19. Stanley Diary, 16 June 1863, in Vincent, Disraeli, Derby, p. 198.
20. Stanley Diary, 16 June 1863, in Vincent, Disraeli, Derby, pp. 198–99.
21. Alix’s measurements for 1863 are in the Poole Archive under the Prince of Wales’s entry.
22. QV to Vicky, 28 April 1863, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 209.
23. QV to Vicky, 8 June 1863, in ibid., p. 22.
24. Royal College of Physicians, Shelfmark 718, Private Diaries of Sir Edward Sieveking of his Attendance on Edward Prince of Wales and Princess Alexandra (hereafter “Sieveking Diary”), 1 March 1863.
25. Sieveking Diary, 8 August 1863, 13 February 1864.
26. Ibid., 29, 30 May 1864.
27. RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 1, QV to Alice, 10 June 1863.
28. QV to Vicky, 11 July 1863, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, pp. 246–47.
29. Sieveking Diary, 10 August 1863.
30. Ibid., 13, 16 September 1863.
31. QV to Vicky, 5 September 1863, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 261.
32. QV to King Leopold, 19 November 1863, in Letters of Queen Victoria (2nd series), ed. G. E. Buckle (John Murray, 1926), vol. 1, p. 117.
33. Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 14.
34. RA VIC/T4/42, General Grey to B, 8 February 1864.
35. QV to King Leopold, 19 November 1863, in Buckle, Letters (2nd series), vol. 1, p. 117.
