by Jane Ridley
36. Quoted in Pakula, Uncommon Woman, p. 315.
37. RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 2, V to Alice, 24 August 1863.
38. W. E. Mosse, “Queen Victoria and Her Ministers in the Schleswig-Holstein Crisis 1863–64,” English Historical Review, vol. 78 (1963), pp. 271–72.
39. Ibid., p. 282.
40. QV to Lord Russell, 1 January 1865, in Buckle, Letters (2nd series), vol. 1, p. 139.
41. RA VIC/Add U128/19, B to Philip of Flanders, 1 January 1864.
42. Frances Dimond, Developing the Picture: Queen Alexandra and the Art of Photography (Royal Collection Publications, 2004), p. 28.
43. Sieveking Diary, 8–9 January 1864. RA VIC/Z447/86, B to QV, 8 January 1864, 10:30 p.m.
44. Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 62.
45. RA VIC/Z447/89, Lord Granville to Charles Phipps, 8 January 1864.
46. Lord Stanley of Alderley, quoted in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 289.
47. RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 2, QV to Alice, 9 January 1864.
48. Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 62.
49. RA, QVJ, 8 January 1864.
50. RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 2, QV to Alice, 9 January 1864.
51. QV to Vicky, 11 January 1864, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 289.
52. RA VIC/Z447/118, QV to B, 13 January 1864, Osborne, copy.
53. QV to Vicky, 12 March 1864, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 306.
54. QV to Vicky, 30 January 1864, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 296.
55. QV to Vicky, 13 February 1864, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 35.
56. RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 2, QV to Alice, 27 April 1864.
57. RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 2, QV to Alice, 27–28 March 1864.
58. RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 2, QV to Alice, 30 May 1864.
59. RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 3, QV to Alice, 7 October 1864.
60. RA VIC/Y111/25, QV to King Leopold, 12 March 1864.
61. RA VIC/Z448/11, General Grey to Lord Russell, 25 May 1864. RA VIC/Z448/13, B to QV, 1 June 1864. RA VIC/Z448/17, QV to B, 3 June 1864.
62. E.g. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, 21 February 1870.
63. RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 2, QV to Alice, 25 February 1864.
64. QV to Vicky, 30 March 1864, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 315.
65. RA VIC/Y111/24, QV to King Leopold, 11 March 1864.
66. Sieveking Diary, 22, 27 March 1864.
67. Ibid., 3 June 1865.
68. Ibid., 22 March 1864.
69. Ibid., 14, 29 February, 3 March 1864.
70. Ibid., 3 June 1865.
71. Downer, Queen’s Knight, p. 146.
72. RA VIC/Add C24/17, Lord Torrington to Delane, 18 December 1861.
73. RA VIC/Add C24/27, Lord Torrington to Delane, 16 March 1862.
74. Downer, Queen’s Knight, pp. 77, 145–46.
75. RA VIC/Add C07/1/0377, General Knollys to Francis Knollys, 3 April 1864.
76. RA VIC/Add U128/21, B to Philip of Flanders, 12 July 1864.
77. RA VIC/Add C07/1/0377, General Knollys to Francis Knollys, 3 April 1864.
78. RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 2, QV to Alice, 30 May 1864.
79. RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 2, QV to Alice, 16 May 1864.
80. RA VIC/Y111/25, QV to King Leopold, 19 April 1864, 12 March 1864.
81. RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 2, QV to Alice, 16 May 1864.
82. RA VIC/Z448/54, B to QV, 7 October 1864.
83. Sieveking Diary, 31 August 1864.
84. RA VIC/Z448/54, B to QV, 7 October 1864.
85. RA VIC/Add C07/1/0305, QV to B, 1 October 1864.
86. RA VIC/Z448/57, QV’s note, n.d.
87. RA VIC/T4/45b, General Grey to Lord Cowley, 8 October 1864.
88. RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 3, QV to Alix, 12 November 1864.
89. RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 3, QV to Alix, 16 November 1864. Copenhagen Letters, Box 102, Alix to Minnie, 19 November 1864.
90. RA VIC/Add C18/93, Diary of Lady Macclesfield, 9 November 1864.
91. RA VIC/Add C07/1/0311, B to General Knollys, 20 November 1864. See RA VIC/Add C07/1/0309, Charles Phipps to General Knollys, 18 November 1864. RA VIC/Add C07/1/0310, Charles Phipps to Arnold White (solicitor), 20 November 1864.
92. RA VIC/Add C07/1/0313, Charles Phipps to General Knollys, 22 November 1864.
93. RA VIC/EVIID/1865: 1 January.
94. RA VIC/EVIID/1865: 3 January.
95. RA GV/GG9/1044, Frederick Ponsonby to Sidney Lee, 2 December 1924. Jonathan Garnier Ruffer, The Big Shots (Debrett, 1977), ch. 2.
96. RA VIC/Z446/61, Charles Phipps to QV, 4 February 1862.
97. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MSS Film 1120, Carrington Diary, 26 December 1864.
98. Poole Archive, Ledger Z, 12 April 1865.
99. RA VIC/EVIID/1865: 13 April.
100. RA VIC/Add C07/1/0435, Charles Phipps to General Knollys, 22 April 1865.
101. RA VIC/Add C07/1/0382, General Knollys to Francis Knollys, 15 December 1864.
102. RA VIC/EVIID/1865: 13 April. See John Martin Robertson, “Sandringham,” Country Life, 29 May 2008.
103. Magnus, Edward VII, pp. 63–65. Kuhn, “Queen Victoria’s Civil List.”
104. RA VIC/Add C07/1/0412, General Knollys to B, copy, 28 February 1865.
105. RA GV/AA25/32, B to George, 25 March 1908.
106. RA VIC/Z447/60, QV to Lord Granville, 10 February 1863.
107. RA VIC/EVIID/1865: 16, 21 March.
108. BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MS 560787A, fol. 157, G. O. Trevelyan to Lee, 22 March 1923.
109. Stanley Diary, 30 October 1865, in Vincent, Disraeli, Derby, pp. 239–40.
110. RA VIC/EVIID/1865: 2 June.
111. Sieveking Diary, 5 February, 3, 4 June 1865.
112. RA VIC/Z448/109, QV to B, 13 June 1865.
113. RA VIC/Z447/118, QV to B, 13 January 1864. RA VIC/Z447/119, QV to B, 14 January 1864. RA VIC/Z447/121, B to QV, 15 January 1864.
114. RA VIC/Z448/110, B to QV, 16 June 1865. RA VIC/Z448/111, Charles Phipps to QV, 17 June 1865.
115. RA VIC/Add C07/1/0457, Charles Phipps to General Knollys, 14 July 1865.
116. RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 4, V to Alice, 5 August 1865; 19 July 1865.
CHAPTER 7: ALIX’S KNEE 1865–67
1. RA VIC/Add C07/1/0485, Charles Phipps to General Knollys, 6 December 1865. Fulford, Your Dear Letter, p. xvii.
2. RA VIC/T4/78, Affie to B, 10 December 1865.
3. Copenhagen Letters, Box 102, Alix to Minnie, 3 and 24 April 1864.
4. RA VIC/Add C07/1/0485, Charles Phipps to General Knollys, 6 December 1865.
5. RA VIC/T4/74, Alice to B, 19 November 1865.
6. Fulford, Your Dear Letter, pp. xv, 49.
7. QV to Vicky, 23 December 1865, in ibid., p. 51.
8. QV to Vicky, 15 December 1865, in Fulford, Your Dear Letter p. 47.
9. QV to Vicky, 1 August 1866, in Fulford, Your Dear Letter p. 86.
10. Fulford, Your Dear Letter, pp. 114–15.
11. RA VIC/J81/102, Lord Clarendon to QV, 2 May 1866. RA VIC/Add U292/13, General Grey to Lord Derby, 13 July 1866.
12. Vicky to QV, 10 August 1866, in Buckle, Letters (2nd series), vol. 1, pp. 366–67.
13. Ibid.
14. RA VIC/T4/109, Vicky to B, 29 October 1866.
15. Vicky to QV, 4 December 1866, in Fulford, Your Dear Letter, p. 110.
16. RA VIC/T4/125, QV to B, 21 December 1866.
17. QV to Vicky, 13 August 1866, in Fulford, Your Dear Letter, p. 91.
18. Paget, Embassies, p. 203.
19. The Times, 10 November 1866.
20. RA VIC/Z448/135, QV to B, 16 October 1866 (copy). RA VIC/ Z448/138, QV to B, 20 October 1866 (copy). QV to Vicky, 14 November 1866, in Fulford, Your Dear Letter, p. 105.
21. Vicky to QV, 7 December 1866, in Fulford, Your Dear Letter, p. 111.
22. RA VIC/T4/117, QV to B, 20 November 1866. QV to Vicky, 14 November 1866, in Fulford, Your Dear Letter, p. 105.
23. Copenhagen Letters, Box 102, Alix to Minnie, 21–22 November 1866.
24. Sir William Knollys’s account of conversation with Princess Alice, 14 November 1867, in Magnus, Edward VII, p. 95.
25. RA VIC/Add C7/5–7, Knollys Diary, 11 February 1867.
26. Sieveking Diary, 15 February 1867.
27. RA VIC/Add C7/10–11, Knollys Diary, 15 February 1867.
28. RA VIC/Add C7/5–7, Knollys Diary, 16 February 1867.
29. The Times, 18, 19 February 1867.
30. RA VIC/Z448/154, B to QV, 20 February 1867.
31. Ibid. Sieveking Diary, 20 February 1867.
32. RA VIC/Add C7/12, Knollys Diary, 20 February 1867.
33. RA QVJ, 23 February 1867.
34. RA QVJ, 27 February 1867.
35. RA VIC/Add C18/3, Lady to Lord Macclesfield, 2 March 1867.
36. Quoted in Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 83.
37. RA QVJ, 8 March 1867.
38. RA VIC/Add C18/7, Lady to Lord Macclesfield, 9 March 1867.
39. RA QVJ, 6, 8 March 1867.
40. The Times, 15 April 1867.
41. RA VIC/Add C7/19, Knollys Diary, 18 March 1867.
42. RA QVJ, 23 March 1867.
43. RA QVJ, 4 April 1867.
44. RA VIC/Add A3/81, B to QV, 4 April 1867.
45. RA QVJ, 13 April 1867.
46. RA QVJ, 17 February 1867.
47. Private information.
48. RA VIC/Add C07/1/1487, Charles Phipps to General Knollys, 15 December 1865.
49. RA VIC/Add C07/1/0482, Charles Phipps to General Knollys, 3 December 1865.
50. See Deborah Hayden, Pox: Genius, Madness, and the Mysteries of Syphilis (Basic Books, 2003).
51. Sieveking Diary, 15 February 1867.
52. Author email from James Lefanu, 19 November 2009.
53. BL, Paget Papers, Add MS 51237, fols. 20–21, Augustus Paget to Walburga Paget, 3 March 1863.
54. Stanley Diary, 30 October 1865, in Vincent, Disraeli, Derby, p. 240.
55. QV to Vicky, 19 May 1863, in Fulford, Dearest Mama, p. 213.
56. Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, pp. 86–87. Obituary, The Guardian, 2 March 2006.
57. Sieveking Diary, 30 March 1864.
58. Sieveking Diary, 31 March 1864. Neil Wear, “Joseph Toynbee,” ODNB.
59. Author email from Anthony Wright, 10 April 2011.
60. Poole Archive, DD569, 1867.
61. RA VIC/Add A3/84, B to QV, 3 May 1867.
62. RA VIC/Add C7/8, Knollys Diary, 11, 12 February 1867. RA VIC/Z448/155, General Knollys to QV, 20 February 1867.
63. RA VIC/Z448/159, Mrs. Stonor to QV, 10 May 1867.
64. RA VIC/Add A3/86, B to QV, 11 May 1867.
65. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MSS Film 1120, B to Charles Carrington, 17 July 1865, November 1867. Les Amours de Napoléon III par l’auteur de La Femme de César [Pierre Vesinier], 4 vols. (Londres, 1864).
66. Émile Zola, Nana (Penguin, 1972), pp. 145, 151–52, 157.
67. RA VIC/Add C7/28, Knollys Diary, 20 May 1867.
68. Camp, Royal Mistresses, pp. 351–52.
69. Joanna Richardson, The Courtesans (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1967), pp. 28–32. Katie Hickman, Courtesans (Harper Perennial, 2003), pp. 249–51.
70. Vicky to QV, 6 September 1870, in Pakula, Uncommon Woman, pp. 295–96.
71. QV to Vicky, 17 September 1870, in Pakula, Uncommon Woman, pp. 295–96.
72. QV to Vicky, 7 August 1867, in Fulford, Your Dear Letter, pp. 146–47.
73. RA VIC/Add C18/1, Lady to Lord Macclesfield, 28 February 1867.
74. RA VIC/Add C7/32, Knollys Diary, 6 June 1867.
75. Hibbert, Edward VII, p. 87. See Camp, Royal Mistresses, p. 351.
76. RA VIC/EVIID/1865: 13 October.
77. Stanley Diary, 18 June 1867, in Vincent, Disraeli, Derby, p. 312.
78. RA VIC/Add C7/35, Knollys Diary, 20 June 1867.
79. See Tolstoy’s Kreutzer Sonata (1889) for a meditation on the sexual mores of the time.
80. RA VIC/Add C7/37, 39–40, Knollys Diary, 3, 5 July 1867.
81. RA VIC/Add C7/88–94, Knollys Diary, 18, 19, 20 August 1867. Sieveking Diary, 5 August 1867.
82. RA VIC/Add A3/94, B to QV, 2 September 1867.
83. RA VIC/Add C7/98–9, Knollys Diary, 23 August 1867. RA VIC/Y44/107, Feodora, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg to QV, 28 September 1867.
84. RA VIC/Add A3/93, B to QV, 27 August 1867.
85. James Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary (Phoenix Press, 2000), pp. 82–88.
86. RA VIC/Y110/4, QV to King Leopold, 23 July 1863.
87. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MSS Film 1120, Carrington Diary, 30 August 1867.
88. Hans A. Schmitt, “From Sovereign States to Prussian Provinces: Hanover and Hesse-Nassau, 1866–71,” Journal of Modern History, vol. 57 (1985), pp. 28–29.
89. RA VIC/Add C7/125, Knollys Diary, 23 September 1867.
90. RA VIC/Add C7/126–7, Knollys Diary, 23 September 1867.
91. QV to Vicky, 1 October 1867, in Fulford, Your Dear Letter, pp. 152–53.
92. QV to Vicky, 5 October 1867, in Fulford, Your Dear Letter, p. 154.
93. RA VIC/Add A3/96, B to QV, 4 October 1867.
94. RA VIC/Add C7/140, Knollys Diary, 5 October 1867.
95. RA VIC/Add C7/143–44, Knollys Diary, 7 October 1867.
96. RA VIC/Add C7/149–50, Knollys Diary, 11 October 1867. See Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, pp. 90–91.
97. RA VIC/Add C7/150, Knollys Diary, 11 October 67. RA VIC/Add A3/98, B to QV, 20 October 1867.
98. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, 2 October 1867.
99. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MSS Film 1120, B to Charles Carrington, 10 October 1867.
100. QV to Vicky, 9 November 1867, in Fulford, Your Dear Letter, p. 158.
101. RA VIC/Add A5/390, B to Madame Didier, 12 November 1867. Author email from Anthony Camp, November 2009.
102. RA VIC/Add A/5/391, B to Madame Didier, 4 February [1874].
103. RA VIC/Add A5/392, B to Madame Didier, 14–26 February [1874].
104. RA VIC/Add A5/393, Madame Didier to Stamfordham, 12 April 1921.
105. RA VIC/Add A5/394, Pryce Mitchell to Frederick Ponsonby, 25 April 1921.
106. RA VIC/Add A5/395, Pryce Mitchell to Frederick Ponsonby, 7 May 1921.
CHAPTER 8: MARLBOROUGH HOUSE AND HARRIETT MORDAUNT 1868–70
1. Walter Bagehot, The English Constitution (Sussex Academic Press, 1997), p. 31.
2. RA VIC/Z448/186, QV to B, 7 January 1868 (copy).
3. RA VIC/Z448/129, QV to General Knollys, 10 June 1866 (copy).
4. RA VIC/Add C26/11, QV to Lady Cardine, 5 January 1868.
5. RA QVJ, 17 June 1859.
6. Henry Vane, Affair of State: A Biography of the 8th Duke and Duchess of Devonshire (Peter Owen, 2004), pp. 13–27.
7. Erskine, Twenty Years at Court, p. 345 (5 January 1859).
8. RA VIC/Add U143/Reel 2, QV to Alice, 16 May 1864.
9. Vane, Affair of State, pp. 74–75.
10. RA VIC/EVIID/1865: 8 February.
11. Stanley Diary, 5 June 1864, in Vincent, Disraeli, Derby, pp. 218, 225.
12. RA VIC/Add A3/106, B to QV, 2 February 1868. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, 21 February 1870.
13. RA VIC/Z448/129, QV to General Knollys, 10 June 1866.
14. Vane, Affair of State, pp. 83–84. Frances, Countess of Warwick, Life’s Ebb and Flow (Hutchinson, 1929), p. 176.
15. RA VIC/Add A3/77, B to QV, 28 January 1867 [sic] (actually 1868). RA VIC/Add A3/106, B to QV, 2 February 1868.
16. Alix to Louise, 3 February 1868, in Darling Loosy: Letters to Princess Louise, 1856–1939, ed. Elizabeth Longford (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1991), p. 101.
17. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, Carrington Diary, 4, 8 February 1868.
18. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, pp. 154–55.
19. RA VIC/Z449/97, QV to B, 1 June 1870 (copy).
20. Ibid. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, B to Carri
ngton, 27 April 1866.
21. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, Carrington Diary, 2 February 1870.
22. RA VIC/Z449/105, QV to B, 30 June 1870 (copy).
23. RA VIC/Z449/104, B to QV, 29 June 1870. RA VIC/Z449/106, B to QV, 2 July 1870.
24. Survey of London: Parish of St. James’s Westminster, vol. 29 (Athlone Press, 1960), p. 344. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, pp. 170–71.
25. Samuel Beeton, Jon Duan: A Twofold Journey with Manifold Purposes (Weldon, 1874), p. 85.
26. Collie Knox, “End of a Royal Club,” Country Life, 25 February 1954.
27. Vane, Affair of State, p. 92.
28. Rothschild Papers, 000/12, Nathaniel Rothschild to his mother, n.d. [1868].
29. RA VIC/Add C07/1/0442, Lord Spencer to General Knollys, 25 May 1865.
30. RA VIC/Add C07/1/0668A, Francis Knollys’s memo, September 1869.
31. Christopher Sykes, “Behind the Tablet,” in Four Studies in Loyalty (Collins, 1946), p. 23. RA VIC/Add A3/140, B to QV, 25 July 1869.
32. Sykes, “Behind the Tablet,” pp. 27–28.
33. John Plunkett, Queen Victoria: First Media Monarch (Oxford, 2003), pp. 151–61.
34. Edwina Ehrman, unpublished paper, “Madame Elise,” 2009. Author email from Kate Strasdin, March 2010.
35. RA VIC/Z449/51, QV to B, 4 May 1869 (copy).
36. RA VIC/Add A3/135, B to QV, 7 May 1869.
37. Diana de Marly, Worth: Father of Haute Couture (Elm Tree Books, 1980), pp. 26, 100, 136–37. Therese Dolan, “The Empress’s New Clothes: Fashion and Politics in Second Empire France,” Women’s Art Journal, vol. 15 (1994).
38. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, 8 January 1873.
39. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 79.
40. Frank Prochaska, Royal Bounty: The Making of a Welfare Monarchy (Yale, 1995), p. 109.
41. RA VIC/T5/10, B to QV, 4 January 1868.
42. Disraeli to QV, 6 March 1868 in Buckle, Letters (2nd series), vol. 1, pp. 512–13.
43. QV to B, 9 March 1868, in ibid., vol. 1, pp. 514–15.
44. Quoted in Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 93.
45. The Times, 13 March 1868.
46. QV to Vicky, 22 April 1868, in Fulford, Your Dear Letter, p. 185.
47. QV to Vicky, 2 May 1868, in ibid., p. 186.
48. RA VIC/Add A3/108, B to QV, 1 May 1868.
49. RA VIC/Add A3/125, B to QV, 9 February 1869.
50. RA VIC/Add A3/128, B to QV, 26 February 1869.
