by Jane Ridley
19. RA VIC/Add C07/1/1079, B to the Duchess of Manchester, telegram, 28 February 1876.
20. RA VIC/Add C07/1/1090, Duchess of Manchester to B, 27 March 1876.
21. Lord Blandford to Randolph Churchill, 5 April 1876, in Randolph Churchill, Churchill: Companion, vol. 1, part 1, p. 36.
22. Lord Lansdowne to B, 29 February 1876, in St. Aubyn, Edward VII, p. 175.
23. B to Lord Lansdowne, 11 May 1876, in ibid.
24. RA VIC/Add C07/1/1080, Randolph Churchill to B, telegram, 28 February 1876.
25. RA VIC/Add C07/1/1081, B to Randolph Churchill, telegram, 29 February 1876.
26. RA VIC/Add C07/1/1087, Randolph Churchill to B, telegram, 4 March 1876.
27. RA VIC/Add C07/1/1088, Randolph Churchill to B, telegram, 4 March 1876.
28. Henry Ponsonby to B, 4 April 1876, in Randolph Churchill, Churchill: Companion, vol. 1, part 1, pp. 33–34.
29. Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, pp. 132–33. St. Aubyn, Edward VII, pp. 176–77.
30. Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, pp. 133–34.
31. Ibid., p. 134.
32. The Court Circular for 6 March 1876 reports under both Buckingham Palace and Marlborough House that the princess visited the Queen. (The Times, 7 March 1876.)
33. RA VIC/Add A2/22, QV to B, 10 March 1876.
34. Lord Hardwicke to B, 4 April 1876, in St. Aubyn, Edward VII, p. 179: “I read to [Randolph] the passage in your letter as regarding himself, at the same time saying it was evidently written under great excitement, and that I could not press the mention of Your Royal Highness having a hostile meeting with him.”
35. Randolph Churchill to B, 3 April 1876, in St. Aubyn, Edward VII, p. 179.
36. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, 26 October 1875.
37. Hardwicke to B, 4 April 1876, in St. Aubyn, Edward VII, pp. 178–79.
38. Ibid., p. 188. Francis Knollys to Henry Ponsonby, 17 December 1876, in Randolph Churchill, Churchill: Companion, vol. 1, part 1, p. 37.
39. Henry Ponsonby to Francis Knollys, n.d., in Randolph Churchill, Churchill: Companion, vol. 1, part 1, p. 37.
40. RA VIC/Add C07/1/1137, B to Edith Aylesford, 11 December [1873].
41. RA VIC/Add C07/1/1138, B to Edith Aylesford, 18 December 1873.
42. RA VIC/Add C07/1/1139, B to Edith Aylesford, 26 December 1873.
43. RA VIC/Add C07/1/1112, Lord Hartington to Lord Cairns, 24 July 1876.
44. RA VIC/Add A36/1051, Henry Ponsonby to Mary Ponsonby, 18 April 1876.
45. Randolph Churchill to Jennie Churchill, 20 April 1876, in Randolph Churchill, Churchill: Companion, vol. 1, part 1, pp. 39–40.
46. R. F. Foster, Lord Randolph Churchill (Oxford University Press, 1988), pp. 16–17; Mrs. George Cornwallis-West, Reminiscences of Lady Randolph Churchill (Edward Arnold, 1908), p. 61.
47. RA VIC/Add C07/1/1143, Randolph Churchill to Francis Knollys, “Monday 5th” [1873].
48. RA VIC/Add C07/1/1140, Randolph Churchill to Francis Knollys, “Wed 17th” [September 1873].
49. RA VIC/Add C07/1/1141 and 1142, Randolph Churchill to Francis Knollys, 24 and 26 September 1873.
50. Churchill College, Randolph Churchill Papers, CHAR 28/4/37, Randolph Churchill to Jennie Jerome, 9 March 1874.
51. Quoted in Magnus, Edward VII, p. 351.
52. See Anne Sebba, Jennie Churchill (John Murray, 2007), pp. 51–52.
53. Leslie, Edwardians in Love, p. 191.
54. RA VIC/EVIID/1875: 21 March, 4 April 1875, 15 August.
55. Leslie, Edwardians in Love, p. 191.
56. Cornwallis-West, Reminiscences, pp. 4–17, 39–49, 60–61.
57. Richard W. Davis, “ ‘We Are All Americans Now!’ Anglo-American Marriages in the Later 19th c,” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 135 (1991), p. 142. See pp. 285–86.
58. Lord Aylesford letters to author, 30 October 2006, 3 December 2006; author interview with Lord Aylesford, 20 November 2006.
59. RA VIC/Add A2/24, QV to B, 23 March 1876.
60. Vincent, Derby Diaries 1869–78, p. 291 (19 April 1876). According to Derby’s sources, “lodgings had been taken for the prince under an assumed name.”
61. Bertie recorded two meetings with Mme. Murrieta in his diary. (RA VIC/EVIID/1875: 20, 23 April.) Author email from Anthony Camp, 17 May 2010.
62. Vincent, Derby Diaries 1869–78, p. 203 (31 March 1875). See above, p. 195.
63. Churchill Archives Centre, Jennie Churchill Papers, GBR/0014/CHAR 28/97, Jennie Churchill to Randolph Churchill, 19 April 1876. See J. Mordaunt Crook, The Rise of the Nouveaux Riches (John Murray, 1999), p. 241. Cornwallis-West, Reminiscences, p. 39.
64. Benjamin Disraeli to B, 20 April 1876, and B’s reply, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, p. 412.
65. RA VIC/Add C07/1, Arnold White to Francis Knollys, 29 June 1877. See RA VIC/Add C07/1, T. Gibson Bowles to B, 11 June 1877.
66. Quoted in Magnus, Edward VII, p. 147.
67. RA VIC/EVIID/1876: 11 May.
68. QV to Vicky, 16 May 1876, in Fulford, Darling Child, p. 211.
69. QV to Henry Ponsonby [11 May 1876], in Randolph Churchill, Churchill: Companion, vol. 1, part 1, p. 41. RA VIC/T6/88, Francis Knollys to Henry Ponsonby, 2 May 1876.
70. The Times, 12 May 1876.
71. Lord Hardwicke to Henry Ponsonby, 12 May 1876, 14 May 1876, in Randolph Churchill, Churchill: Companion, vol. 1, part 1, pp. 42–43.
72. Author letter from Lord Aylesford, 3 December 2006.
73. RA VIC/Add C07/1/1089, Lord Aylesford to B, 26 March 1876.
74. RA VIC/Add C07/1/1091, Lord Hardwicke to B, 4 April 1876.
75. Ibid.
76. RA VIC/EVIID/1882: 22–27 March and 31 March.
77. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, Carrington Diary, New Year 1882.
78. Aylesford Papers, extract from Parish Magazine, n.d.
79. RA VIC/EVIID/1885: 14 January.
80. John Vincent, ed., Later Derby Diaries (Bristol, 1981), p. 103 (14 January 1885).
81. See Edward Marjoribanks to the Duke of Marlborough, 22 March 1876, in Randolph Churchill, Churchill: Companion, vol. 1, part 1, p. 32.
82. Edith Aylesford to Jane, Countess of Aylesford [25 February 1876], in Randolph Churchill, Churchill: Companion, vol. 1, part 1, pp. 27–28. The Times, 4 July 1878.
83. Williams, It Was Such Fun, pp. 75–76. Sophia Murphy, The Duchess of Devonshire’s Ball (Sidgwick and Jackson, 1984), p. 69.
84. Cornwallis-West, Reminiscences, p. 68.
85. Lord Cairns to Lord Beaconsfield, 20 September 1876, in Randolph Churchill, Churchill: Companion, vol. 1, part 1, p. 55.
86. RA VIC/Add C07/1/1136, Box 3, Lord Cairns to B, 23 July 1885.
CHAPTER 13: LILLIE LANGTRY 1877–78
1. Susan North, “John Redfern & Sons, 1847–1892,” Costume, vol. 42 (2008). Author email from Kate Strasdin, 24 March 2011.
2. National Portrait Gallery, Photograph of Alix by James Russell, Chichester, August 1876.
3. RA VIC/Z452/9, Charlotte Knollys to QV, 24 March 1877.
4. Wellcome Library, Gull Papers, D/7/1, QV to William Gull, 31 March 1877.
5. RA VIC/Z452/25, Charlotte Knollys to QV, 10 April 1877.
6. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, 6 March 1874.
7. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, March 1877.
8. RA VIC/Z452/10, Alix to QV, 26 March 1877.
9. RA VIC/EVIID/1877: 23 March–3 April.
10. RA VIC/Z452/17, Alix to QV, 4 April 1877.
11. RA VIC/Z452/20, Alix to QV (telegram), 5 April 1877.
12. The Times, 5 May, 9 May 1877.
13. Sir Oliver Millar, quoted in The Guardian, 17 May 2007.
14. RA VIC/EVIID/1877: 11 May. The Times, 12 May 1877.
15. Laura Beatty, Lillie Langtry: Manners, Masks and Morals (Chatto and Windus, 1999), p. 38.
16. Lillie Langtry, The Days I Knew (Hutchinson, 1925), pp. 38–40, 60–61. Beatty, Lillie Langtry, pp.
38–39, 47.
17. Langtry, Days I Knew, p. 71.
18. RA VIC/EVIID/1877: 24 May.
19. Langtry, Days I Knew, p. 73.
20. Ibid., pp. 38–43.
21. National Portrait Gallery, Heinz Gallery, Lillie Langtry File, cutting “Interviewing Mrs. Langtry,” 1882.
22. Beatty, Lillie Langtry, pp. 36, 101, 137. Cornwallis-West, Reminiscences, p. 105.
23. National Portrait Gallery, Heinz Gallery, Lillie Langtry File, Christie’s Catalogue, Sant’s Portrait of Lillie Langtry, auctioned 3 June 1999. The painting belonged to Bertie, and was left to his daughter Louise. Whitehall Review, 19 July 1879. Bertie visited Sant’s studio in 1879 (RA VIC/EVIID/1879: 19 July).
24. Cornwallis-West, Reminiscences, p. 105.
25. Langtry, Days I Knew, p. 50.
26. Leslie, Edwardians in Love, p. 100. James Brough, The Prince and the Lily (Hodder and Stoughton, 1975), p. 140.
27. RA VIC/Z452/60, William Gull to QV, 3 July 1877.
28. Langtry, Days I Knew, p. 74. Beatty, Lillie Langtry, pp. 70–71, 86–77.
29. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, n.d. [1877].
30. RA VIC/Z452/74, Alix to QV, 2 August 1877.
31. See RA VIC/A2/28, QV to B, 16 August 1877. The Times, 23, 28 July; 2, 4, 7, 18, 20 August 1877.
32. Sir Seymour Fortescue, “King Edward as a Yachtsman,” in Alfred E. T. Watson, King Edward VII as a Sportsman (Longmans, Green, 1911), pp. 296–97.
33. See, e.g., Sheffield and Rotherham Independent, 6 September 1877.
34. QV to Vicky, 6 November 1877, in Fulford, Dearest Child, p. 269.
35. RA VIC/Z452/128, Alix to QV, 22 November 1877. Copenhagen Letters, Box 103, Alix to Minnie, 4 August 1870.
36. The Times, 23, 24 November 1877.
37. Brough, Prince and the Lily, p. 154. Beatty, Lillie Langtry, pp. 88–89.
38. Bodleian Library, Harcourt Papers, MSS dep. 348, Lewis Harcourt Diary, 17 March 1881.
39. Star, 21 March, 11 April 1878. Hampshire Telegraph, 18 May 1878.
40. RA VIC/Add A2/23, QV to B. 17 March 1876.
41. Langtry, Days I Knew, pp. 155–57.
42. Beatty, Lillie Langtry, p. 97. Duchess of Manchester to Lord Beaconsfield, in Marquis of Zetland, Letters of Disraeli, vol. 2, p. 158. The Times, 21, 30 January 1878.
43. Ned Langtry was presented to the Queen by Bertie on 19 March 1878. (The Times, 20 March 1878.)
44. Langtry, Days I Knew, pp. 107–9. The Times, 10 May 1878.
45. Marquis of Zetland, Letters of Disraeli, vol. 2, p. 156.
46. The World, 6 September 1877.
47. RA VIC/Add A36/1314, Henry Ponsonby to Mary Ponsonby, 8 September 1877.
48. The Times, 6 May 1878.
49. The Times, 9, 11 May 1878. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, pp. 358–63.
50. The Gladstone Diaries, vol. 9, ed. H. C. G. Matthew (Clarendon Press, 1986), p. 317 (26 May 1878).
51. B to Lord Beaconsfield, 14 September 1876, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, p. 420.
52. RA VIC/Add A36/1148, Henry Ponsonby to Mary Ponsonby, 7 October 1876. RA VIC/T6/115, Henry Ponsonby to Thomas Sanderson, 7 October 1876.
53. Lord Beaconsfield to QV, 13 April 1877, in Buckle, Letters (2nd series), vol. 2, p. 528.
54. RA VIC/Add A36/1340, Henry Ponsonby to Mary Ponsonby, 24 October 1877.
55. Dorothy Anderson, “Valentine Baker,” ODNB.
56. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, p. 422.
57. RA VIC/Add A36/1140, Henry Ponsonby to Mary Ponsonby, 28 September 1876.
58. The Times, 2 May 1877.
59. RA VIC/Add A36/1140, Henry Ponsonby to Mary Ponsonby, 28 September 1876.
60. Vincent, Derby Diaries 1869–78, p. 412 (22 June 1877).
61. Ibid., p. 531 (25 March 1878).
62. RA VIC/T7/34, Salisbury to B, 24 July 1878. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, pp. 366–68.
63. Langtry, Days I Knew, pp. 152–53.
64. Beatty, Lillie Langtry, pp. 1–9.
65. RA VIC/Add C07/1, Lord Lytton to Francis Knollys, 12 December 1878.
66. Mark Girouard, The Victorian Country House (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971), p. 422. “Wadhurst Park,” Wadhurst History Society, http://www.wadhurst.info/whs/newsletters/whs03/page5.htm.
67. Author email from Gerard Stamp, 9 April 2010.
68. Theo Aronson, Royal Subjects (Pan Books, 2001), p. 123.
69. Quoted in Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 100.
70. Mapperton Papers, Box 287, Oliver Montagu to Lord Sandwich, 26 October 1878. Alix’s biographer, Georgina Battiscombe, reads the letter in this sense. (Queen Alexandra, pp. 138–39.)
CHAPTER 14: PRINCE HAL 1878–81
1. RA QVJ, 13 December 1878.
2. The Times, 13 December 1878.
3. RA QVJ, 13, 14 December 1878. The Times, 12, 20 December 1878.
4. RA QVJ, 14 December 1878.
5. Buckle, Letters (2nd series), vol. 2, pp. 654–55. RA QVJ, 14 December 1878.
6. RA QVJ, 14 December 1878.
7. Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse: Biographical Sketch and Letters, ed. Dr. Sell (John Murray, 1884), pp. 370–71.
8. The Times, 12 December 1878.
9. RA VIC/T7/58, B to Lord Beaconsfield, 27 December 1878.
10. QV to Vicky, 10 January 1879, in Beloved Mama: Private Correspondence of Queen Victoria and the German Crown Princess, 1878–1885, ed. Roger Fulford (Evans, 1981).
11. Noel, Princess Alice, pp. 175–77.
12. Alice to QV, 6 September 1876, in Sell, Alice, p. 345.
13. QV to Vicky, 14, 18, 23 November 1878, in Fulford, Beloved Mama, pp. 28–29.
14. Alice to QV, 11 September 1876, in Sell, Alice, p. 346.
15. Alice to Grand Duke Louis of Hesse, December 1877, in Noel, Princess Alice, p. 224.
16. Alice to QV, 26 April 1874, in Sell, Alice, p. 321.
17. The Times, 17, 18 December 1878.
18. Copenhagen Letters, Box 104, Alix to Minnie, 1 January 1879.
19. Quoted in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, p. 592.
20. RA VIC/Add C07/1, B to Francis Knollys, 18 December 1878.
21. RA QVJ, 18 December 1878.
22. RA QVJ, 21 December 1878.
23. RA QVJ, 23 December 1878.
24. RA QVJ, 21 December 1878.
25. RA QVJ, 27 December 1878.
26. Downer, Queen’s Knight, p. 275.
27. Inger-Lise Klausen, Tak for Dansen, Louise [The First Glücksburg Royal Couple and All Their European Family] (Copenhagen: Aschehoug, 2003), pp. 188–90, 198–203. Coryne Hall, Little Mother of Russia (Shepheard-Walwyn, 2006), pp. 67–80.
28. Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 153.
29. Copenhagen Letters, Box 104, Alix to Minnie, 9 October 1878.
30. The Times, 23 December 1878.
31. Argyll Etkin Collection, B to Charles Wyke, 7 January 1879. See Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, pp. 364–65.
32. RA VIC/S23/34, Vicky to B, 3 January 1879.
33. RA VIC/Z459/90, Dalton’s Memorandum on Education of Prince Albert Victor and Prince George, 11 February 1877.
34. RA VIC/Z459/92, QV’s Memorandum on Mr. Dalton’s Memorandum on the Education of Prince Albert Victor and Prince George, 15 February 1877.
35. RA VIC/Z452/108, Alix to QV, 15 October 1877.
36. RA VIC/Z473A/1, Lord Ramsay to B, 3 December 1878.
37. RA VIC/Z453/9, John Dalton to B, 9 April 1879. Davenport-Hines, “John Dalton,” ODNB.
38. Ponsonby’s Memo, n.d., in Arthur Ponsonby, Henry Ponsonby, p. 105.
39. RA VIC/Z453/10, Lord Beaconsfield to QV, 19 May 1879.
40. RA VIC/Add C07/1, Francis Knollys to Henry Ponsonby, n.d. [1879].
41. The Times, 17 September 1879.
42. RA VIC/Z453/49, B to QV, 19 September 1879.
43. RA GV/AA13/61, B to George, 30 September 1879.
44. Copenhagen Letters, Box 104, Alix to Minnie, 23 December 1880.
45. See Theo Aronson, P
rince Eddy and the Homosexual Underworld (John Murray, 1994), pp. 53–4.
46. Joanna Richardson, Sarah Bernhardt and Her World (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1977), pp. 78–84. Langtry, Days I Knew, pp. 120–23.
47. RA VIC/EVIID/1879: 19 June; 6, 9, 10, 11 July: records visits to Sarah Bernhardt’s gallery or to the Comédie-Française.
48. Arthur Gold and Robert Fizdale, The Divine Sarah (HarperCollins, 1992), p. 153.
49. Lady Frederick Cavendish diary, quoted in Beatty, Lillie Langtry, p. 150. See Camp, Royal Mistresses, p. 367.
50. Beatty, Lillie Langtry, p. 145.
51. RA VIC/EVIID/1879: 6 April.
52. Brough, Prince and the Lily, p. 199. Typically, no source is given for this anecdote.
53. Diaries of Edward Henry Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby (1826–93) Between 1878 and 1893, ed. John Vincent (Leopard’s Head Press, 2003), p. 221 (19 March 1880). Wilfrid Blunt heard the same story: See Theo Aronson, The King in Love (John Murray, 1988), pp. 86–87.
54. Lillie Langtry to Lord Wharncliffe, n.d. [June 1880], in Beatty, Lillie Langtry, p. 174.
55. Brough, Prince and the Lily, p. 200. The Times, 13 October 1879.
56. The Times, 13 October 1879.
57. QV to Vicky, 7 November 1879, in Fulford, Beloved Mama, p. 57.
58. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, pp. 416–17, 448–50.
59. Magnus, Edward VII, pp. 206–8.
60. Marquis of Zetland, Letters of Disraeli, vol. 2, p. 211 (1 April 1879).
61. Bertie’s diary (RA VIC/EVIID/1880) records five visits by Louis Battenberg in May (30 April–3 May; 6–10 May; 14–17 May; 21–24 May; 25–31 May) and two in June (4–5 June, 27 June).
62. Anthony Lambton, The Mountbattens (Constable, 1989). Richard Hough, Louis and Victoria (Hutchinson, 1974), is based on taped interviews with Mountbatten. Count Egon Corti, The Downfall of Three Dynasties (Methuen, 1934). Author email from Anthony Camp, 3 May 2011.
63. Vicky to QV, 7 January 1885, in Fulford, Beloved Mama, p. 178.
64. Beatty, Lillie Langtry, p. 166, says the affair with Louis was conducted with “the apparent permission” of Bertie. Aronson says that “quite possibly” the Prince encouraged the liaison. (King in Love, p. 89.) According to Brough, it was “more than likely” that Bertie made the introduction knowing what would happen. (Prince and the Lily, pp. 194–95.)
