by Jane Ridley
65. Beatty, Lillie Langtry, p. 172.
66. Ibid., pp. 172–73. Aronson, King in Love, p. 87.
67. Langtry, Days I Knew, p. 68.
68. Lillie Langtry to Lord Wharncliffe, n.d., in Beatty, Lillie Langtry, p. 176.
69. Bertie’s diary shows that Battenberg was staying at Marlborough House on 27 June, the likely conception time. (RA VIC/EVIID/1880: 27 June.)
70. Hough, Louis and Victoria, pp. 96–97.
71. Beatty, Lillie Langtry, p. 179.
72. Lillie Langtry to Lord Wharncliffe, n.d., in ibid., p. 184. Bertie does not mention this meeting in his diary, but this need not mean that it didn’t take place; Lillie’s letter to Lord Wharncliffe was written shortly after the event.
73. RA VIC/EVIID/1880: 17 October.
74. Beatty, Lillie Langtry, pp. 177, 187–210. Camp, Royal Mistresses, pp. 364–66.
75. Langtry, Days I Knew, p. 85.
76. Oscar Wilde, Lady Windermere’s Fan, ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/w/wilde/oscar/lady_windermeres_fan, Act 3, Scene 1.
77. RA GV/AA14/3, B to George, 16 December 1881.
78. Bodleian Library, Harcourt Papers, Dep 364, MSS Diary, 10 February 1885.
79. RA VIC/Add C07/1, George Lewis to Francis Knollys, 4 November 1897. See also RA VIC/Add C07/1, Lewis to Knollys, 13, 18, 22 November 1897.
80. B to Lillie Langtry, 5 August 1885, in Beatty, Lillie Langtry, p. 269.
81. RA GV/ADD/Copy/86, B to Lillie Langtry, 19 January 1886.
82. Beatty, Lillie Langtry, p. 303.
83. RA GV/ADD/Copy/109, B to Lillie Langtry [n.d., 1890s].
84. The Times, 2 October 1879.
85. RA VIC/Z453/43, Charlotte Knollys to QV, 10 September 1879.
86. RA VIC/Z453/56, Charlotte Knollys to QV, 8 October 1879.
87. RA VIC/Z453/56, Charlotte Knollys to QV, 8 October 1879.
88. RA VIC/Z453/47, B to QV, 17 September 1879.
89. Ibid.
90. Marquis of Zetland, Letters of Disraeli, vol. 2, pp. 245–46 (9, 11 November 1879). See Magnus, Edward VII, pp. 161–62.
91. Copenhagen Letters, Box 104, Alix to Minnie, 3 November 1879.
92. Copenhagen Letters, Box 104, Alix to Minnie, 11 February 1880.
93. Copenhagen Letters, Box 104, Alix to Minnie, 23 December 1880.
94. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, B to Carrington, 18 April 1879.
95. Mary Mackie, The Prince’s Thorn: Edward VII and the Lady Farmer of Sandringham (Pegasus, 2008), pp. 190–242. David Duff, Whisper Louise: Edward VII and Mrs. Cresswell (Frederick Muller, 1974).
96. Marquis of Zetland, Letters of Disraeli, vol. 2, pp. 258–59 (13 January 1880).
97. QV to Henry Ponsonby, 4 April 1880, in Arthur Ponsonby, Henry Ponsonby, p. 184.
98. RA VIC/T8/6, B to Henry Ponsonby, 21 April 1880.
99. QV’s minute of 22 April 1880, in Magnus, Edward VII, p. 166.
100. See Francis Knollys’s letter to Lord Granville, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, p. 514.
101. RA VIC/Z453/79, Henry Ponsonby to QV, 17 February 1880; RA VIC/Z453/95, Ponsonby to B, 21 May 1880; RA VIC/Z453/100, Francis Knollys to Ponsonby, 23 May 1880; RA VIC/Z453/103, Knollys to Ponsonby, 25 May 1880.
102. RA VIC/Add A15/3327, QV to Arthur, 27 May 1880.
103. RA VIC/Z453/112, B to QV, 7 June 1880.
104. RA VIC/EVIID/1881: 13 March.
105. Stephen Gwynn and Gertrude Tuckwell, Life of Sir Charles Dilke (John Murray, 1917), vol. 1, p. 414.
106. Bodleian Library, Harcourt Papers, MSS dep 348, Diary, 21 March 1881.
107. The Times, 28 March 1881. RA VIC/Z454/58, Charlotte Knollys to QV, 28 March 1881.
108. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, p. 505.
109. Lord Frederick Hamilton, quoted in Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, pp. 160–61.
CHAPTER 15: PRINCE OF PLEASURE 1881–87
1. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 198.
2. RA VIC/Z162/10, B to QV, 22 January 1887.
3. Magnus, Edward VII, pp. 181–82.
4. RA VIC/EVIID/1881: 17 July. Bertie stayed at Waddesdon 14 July 1883, 21 July 1884, 18 July 1885, 17 July 1887 (see The Times for these dates).
5. McKinstry, Rosebery, p. 69.
6. Frances, Countess of Warwick, Afterthoughts (Cassell, 1931), pp. 88–89.
7. Michael Hall, Waddesdon Manor: The Heritage of a Rothschild House (New York: Abrams, 2002), pp. 149–69. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 106.
8. Warwick, Afterthoughts, pp. 44, 255.
9. Rosemary Baird, Goodwood (Francis Lincoln, 2007), pp. 193, 197.
10. RA VIC/EVIID/1881: 25 July. See The Times, 21 July 1881.
11. RA VIC/Z454/140, QV to B, 27 July 1881.
12. Gwynn and Tuckwell, Dilke, vol. 1, p. 415.
13. Hibbert, Edward VII, pp. 98–99.
14. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, Charles Carrington to his wife, 20 December 1881.
15. RA VIC/EVIID/1882: 10–13 January. The Times, 13 January 1882. Leicester Chronicle and Leicester Mercury, 14 January 1882. Ruffer, Big Shots, pp. 130–31.
16. Amanda Mackenzie Stuart, Consuelo and Alva (HarperCollins, 2005), pp. 29–31, 49–50. Consuelo was always short of money, even after she became Duchess of Manchester in 1890. When she died in 1909, her inheritance from her father was valued at $120,000, not a large sum by ducal standards. She left an American fortune of $2.5 million. This was tied up in trust funds established in 1901–2 by her brother, who was a brother-in-law and business associate of William Kissam Vanderbilt.
17. Edith Wharton’s The Buccaneers (Penguin, 1993); the original 1938 edition, which Wharton left unfinished at her death, can be read in the 1993 University Press of Virginia edition. Hermione Lee, Edith Wharton (Vintage, 2008), pp. 722–29.
18. Duke of Manchester, My Candid Recollections (Grayson and Grayson, 1932), pp. 28, 55–56. Rossmore, Things I Can Tell, pp. 110–11.
19. Vane, Affair of State, p. 186.
20. Richard W. Davis, “ ‘We Are All Americans Now!,’ Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 135 (1991), pp. 140–99.
21. Wharton, Buccaneers, pp. 79, 122.
22. Vane, Affair of State, p. 187.
23. Williams, It Was Such Fun, p. 41.
24. RA VIC/EVIID/1882: 20 August–11 September. Herman Weber and F. Parkes Weber, The Spas and Mineral Waters of Europe (Smith, Elder, 1896), pp. 91–93.
25. Warwick, Afterthoughts, p. 39.
26. Hibbert, Edward VII, p. 236.
27. Diary of Sir Edward Walter Hamilton, ed. Dudley W. R. Bahlman (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972), vol. 2, p. 659. RA VIC/Add A/5/426, B to Alfred, 18 August 1884. Camp, Royal Mistresses, p. 368. Author email from Sir Philip Naylor-Leyland, May 2011.
28. Arthur Ponsonby, Henry Ponsonby, p. 129.
29. RA VIC/Z162/7, Alix to QV, 1 October 1883.
30. RA VIC/Z162/8, Alix to QV, 14 December 1883.
31. RA VIC/Z173/4, B to QV, 1 January 1884.
32. RA VIC/Z173/5, QV to B, 3 January 1884.
33. The Gladstone Diaries, vol. 10, ed. H. C. G. Matthew (Clarendon Press, 1990), p. clxv.
34. RA VIC/Z173/15, B to QV, 26 February 1884.
35. RA VIC/Z173/18, QV to B, 27 February 1884.
36. RA VIC/Z173/20, QV to B, 29 February 1884.
37. Arnstein, “Queen Victoria Opens Parliament,” Historical Research, vol. 63 (1990), pp. 186–87.
38. RA VIC/Z460/140, B to QV, 6 February 1887.
39. RA VIC/Add C07/1/7, Francis Knollys to Henry Ponsonby, 16 January 1881.
40. Matthew, Gladstone Diaries, vol. 9, p. 619 (21 November 1880). See RA VIC/Add C07/1/9, Francis Knollys to Henry Ponsonby, 22 November 1880.
41. Bahlman, Diary of Edward Hamilton, vol. 1, p. 245 (1 April 1882).
42. Fitzwilliam, Blunt Papers, MS 333–1975, Diary, 17 May 1885.
43. RA VIC/EVIID/1882: 11 July.
44. Bahlman, Diary of Edward Hamilton, vol. 1, pp. 312, 314 (27,
30 July 1882). Henry Ponsonby to B, 31 July 1882, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, pp. 457–58.
45. Henry Ponsonby to Mary Ponsonby, 5 April 1880, in Arthur Ponsonby, Henry Ponsonby, p. 185. Gwynn and Tuckwell, Dilke, vol. 1, pp. 302, 475.
46. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, Carrington Diary, 18 February 1884.
47. RA VIC/EVIID/1884: 18 February.
48. Hansard (Lords), 22 February 1884.
49. Gwynn and Tuckwell, Dilke, vol. 2, p. 26. See Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, pp. 547–51.
50. BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MS 56087B, fol. 9, Sir Charles Dilke to B, 26 July 1885. Gwynn and Tuckwell, Dilke, vol. 2, p. 166. See McKinstry, Rosebery, pp. 149–53.
51. Fitzwilliam, Blunt Papers, MS 333–1975, Diary, 4 August 1885.
52. RA VIC/Add C07/1, B to Francis Knollys, 28 September 1885.
53. RA VIC/EVIID/1884: 28 March. The Times, 29 March 1884.
54. QVJ, 28 March 1884, in Buckle, Letters (2nd series), vol. 3, p. 489.
55. QVJ, 29 March 1884, in ibid., vol. 3, p. 492.
56. The Times, 2 April 1884.
57. RA GV/AA14/58, B to George, 1 May 1884.
58. Frank Hardie, The Political Influence of Queen Victoria, 1861–1901 (Oxford University Press, 1935), pp. 76, 192–93.
59. QV to Vicky, 29 March 1884, in Fulford, Beloved Mama, p. 162.
60. See Hermione Lee, Virginia Woolf (Vintage, 1997), pp. 64–65.
61. RA VIC/Z473/63, Report by J. K. Stephen, 30 August 1883.
62. The World, 20 October 1883.
63. See Lee, Woolf, p. 64. Andrew Cook, Prince Eddy (History Press, 2008), pp. 101–10.
64. Standard, 26 May 1884.
65. RA VIC/W64/64, Austen Chamberlain to B, 12 December 1905.
66. RA GV/AA6/333, B to John Dalton, 12 July 1884.
67. RA VIC/Z162/7, Alix to QV, 1 October 1883.
68. RA GV/AA14/52, B to George, 16 February 1884.
69. Copenhagen Letters, Box 104, Alix to Minnie, 3 October 1884.
70. Copenhagen Letters, Box 104, Alix to Minnie, 30 December 1884.
71. Alexander Mikhailovich, Grand Duke of Russia, Once a Grand Duke (Royalty Digest, 1995), p. 113.
72. RA VIC/Add C07/1, B to Francis Knollys, 3 May 1888.
73. Warwick, Afterthoughts, p. 41.
74. Marie, Queen of Romania, The Story of My Life (Cassell, 1934), vol. 1, p. 43.
75. Princess Louise to Francis Knollys [1885], in St. Aubyn, Edward VII, p. 103.
76. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 182.
77. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, Carrington Diary, 21 July 1884. See The Times, 24 July 1884.
78. The Times, 14 April 1885.
79. RA VIC/Z455/20, B to QV, 19 April 1885.
80. RA VIC/Z455/17, Arthur Ellis to QV, 15 April 1885.
81. RA QVJ, 18 April 1885.
82. Bahlman, Diary of Edward Hamilton, vol. 2, p. 840 (16 April 1885).
83. Ibid., vol. 2, pp. 860–61 (10 May 1885).
84. BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MS 56087B, fol. 5, Francis Ponsonby to QV, 12 May 1885.
85. BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MS 56087B, fol. 7, Francis Ponsonby to QV, 18 May 1885.
86. Quoted in Leslie, Edwardians in Love, p. 120.
87. Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 173.
88. Copenhagen Letters, Box 104, Alix to Minnie, 23 December 1881.
89. Lady Geraldine Somerset’s Diary, 21 February 1886, in Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, pp. 172–73.
90. Hon. Georgina Stonor, letter to author, 30 April 2010. Robert Julian Stonor, Stonor (Newport: R. H. Johns, 1951), pp. 339–41.
91. Margot Asquith, The Autobiography of Margot Asquith (Thornton, Butterworth, 1920), vol. 1, pp. 63–65.
92. Bodleian Library, Margot Asquith Papers, MS Eng. P. 3198, fol. 167: Diary, 6 August 1885.
93. Bodleian Library, Margot Asquith Papers, MS Eng. D. 3268, fol. 29, B to Margot Tennant, 25 April 1886.
94. Bodleian Library, Margot Asquith Papers, MS Eng. D. 3268, fol. 32, B to Margot Tennant, 29 December 1886.
95. Bodleian Library, Margot Asquith Papers, MS Eng. D. 3268, fol. 33, B to Margot Tennant, n.d.
96. Bodleian Library, Margot Asquith Papers, MS Eng. D. 3268, fol. 34, B to Margot Tennant, n.d.
97. Quoted in Leslie, Edwardians in Love, p. 192.
98. The Times, 17 July 1886, 8 November 1886, 7 December 1886.
99. Churchill Archives Centre, Jennie Churchill Papers, CHAR 28/7/72, Randolph Churchill to Jennie Churchill, 10 January 1886; CHAR 28/8/85, Randolph Churchill to Jennie Churchill, 25 October 1888.
100. RA VIC/Z162/10, B to QV, 22 January 1887.
101. Sebba, Jennie Churchill, pp. 96–97.
102. Leslie, Edwardians in Love, p. 194.
103. Churchill Archives Centre, Jennie Churchill Papers, CHAR 28/49/18–19, B to Jennie Churchill, 26 March 1886. He didn’t lunch with her on “Monday next.”
104. Churchill Archives Centre, Jennie Churchill Papers, CHAR 28/49/12–13, B to Jennie Churchill, n.d.
105. Asquith, Autobiography, vol. 1, pp. 63–64.
106. Churchill Archives Centre, Jennie Churchill Papers, CHAR 28/48/5–6, B to Jennie Churchill, 23 March 1887.
CHAPTER 16: WILLIAM 1887–89
1. Sir Richard Holmes, Edward VII: His Life and Times (Amalgamated Press, 1911), vol. 2, p. 363.
2. The Times, 22 June 1887. Pakula, Uncommon Woman, p. 487.
3. Alix, quoted in Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 174. QVJ, 21 June 1887, in Letters of Queen Victoria (3rd series), ed. G. E. Buckle (John Murray, 1930), vol. 1, p. 322. The Times, 3 June 1887.
4. Holmes, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 367.
5. The Times, 22 June 1887.
6. Pall Mall Gazette, 22 June 1887. Williams, Contentious Crown, p. 61.
7. Rohl, Young Wilhelm, pp. 675–80.
8. Hough, Louis and Victoria, p. 111.
9. Rohl, Young Wilhelm, p. 518.
10. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, pp. 473–81.
11. Thomas Kohut, “Kaiser Wilhelm II and His Parents,” in Kaiser Wilhelm II: The Corfu Papers, ed. John Rohl and Nicholas Sombart (Cambridge University Press, 1982), p. 73.
12. Rohl, Young Wilhelm, pp. 388–89.
13. William to Alexander III, 13 March 1885, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, p. 486.
14. William to Emperor William I, 30 September 1885, in Rohl, Young Wilhelm, pp. 481–82.
15. The Holstein Papers, ed. Norman Rich and M. H. Fisher, vol. 2 (Cambridge University Press, 1957), p. 254 (16 October 1885).
16. Lory Alder and Richard Dalby, The Dervish of Windsor Castle: The Life of Arminius Vambery (Bachman and Turner, 1979), pp. 231–32, 310–11.
17. Rich and Fisher, Holstein Papers, vol. 2, p. 254 (16 October 1885).
18. RA VIC/Add A5/479/6, B to Vicky, 9 March 1888.
19. Holmes, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 370.
20. RA GV/AA16/56, B to George, 13 November 1887.
21. RA VIC/Add C07/1, Arthur Ellis to Francis Knollys, 18 March 1888.
22. RA VIC/Z68/34, Arthur Ellis to Henry Ponsonby, 16–17 March 1888.
23. RA VIC/EVIID/1888: 12–15 June.
24. QVJ, 15 June 1888, in Buckle, Letters (3rd series), vol. 1, p. 417.
25. B to QV, 18 June 1888, in ibid., vol. 1, p. 419.
26. RA VIC/Add A5/479/19, B to Vicky, 27 June 1888.
27. Ibid.
28. RA VIC/Add A5/479/20, B to Vicky, 29 June 1888.
29. RA VIC/Add A5/479/21, B to Vicky, 4 July 1888.
30. RA VIC/Add C07/9, Francis Knollys to Henry Ponsonby, 15 January 1889.
31. RA VIC/EVIID/1888: 22, 29 August, 1, 2, 5 September.
32. RA VIC/EVIID/1888: 10 September 1888. The Times, 11, 13 September 1888.
33. B to Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, 3 April 1889, in Buckle, Letters (3rd series), vol. 1, p. 488.
34. See John Rohl, Wilhelm II: The Kaiser’s Personal Monarchy, 1888–1900, trans. Sheila de Bellaigue (Cambridge University Pr
ess, 2004), p. 77ff. for a full account.
35. RA VIC/Z281/2, Arthur Ellis to Colonel Swaine, 12 September 1886.
36. Rohl, Wilhelm II, p. 73.
37. B to Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, 3 April 1889, in Buckle, Letters (3rd series), vol. 1, p. 489.
38. Rohl, Wilhelm II, p. 75.
39. Arthur Ellis to Henry Ponsonby, 19 April 1889, in Arthur Ponsonby, Henry Ponsonby, pp. 110–12.
40. Rohl, Young Wilhelm, pp. 741–42.
41. QV to Lord Salisbury, 15 October 1888, in Buckle, Letters (3rd series), vol. 1, p. 441.
42. Judith Listowel, A Habsburg Tragedy: Crown Prince Rudolf (Ascent Books, 1978), p. 183.
43. Salisbury’s Memo, 13 October 1888, in Buckle, Letters (3rd series), vol. 1, p. 440. Andrew Roberts, Salisbury (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1999), pp. 484–87.
44. QV to Salisbury, 15 October 1888, in Buckle, Letters (3rd series), vol. 1, pp. 440–41.
45. Alix to George, 17 October 1888, in Rohl, Wilhelm II, p. 84.
46. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 211. Roberts, Salisbury, p. 486.
47. QV to Henry Matthews, 13 November 1888, in Buckle, Letters (3rd series), vol. 1, p. 449.
48. The Times, 10 November 1888. Camp, Royal Mistresses, p. 370.
49. See Stephen Knight, Jack the Ripper: The Final Solution (Grafton, 1977).
50. Matthew Sturgis, Walter Sickert: A Life (HarperCollins, 2005), pp. 625–29. Camp, Royal Mistresses, pp. 383–85.
51. First suggested in 1962 by Philippe Jullian in a biography of Edward VII, this theory was elaborated in 1970 by Dr. T. E. A. Stowell. See “Prince Albert Victor,” Casebook: Jack the Ripper, http://www.casebook.org/suspects/eddy.html.
52. See Aronson, Prince Eddy, pp. 93–102.
53. G. K. A. Bell, Randall Davidson (Oxford University Press, 1938), pp. 98–100.
54. RA VIC/EVIID/1889: 30 January.
55. Churchill Archives Centre, Jennie Churchill Papers, CHAR 28/48/13–14, B to Jennie Churchill, 11 February 1889.
56. Roberts, Salisbury, p. 537.
57. RA VIC/EVIID/1889: 1, 4, 12 February. Bertie saw Count Kinsky, the Austrian attaché, on these days.
58. B to QV, 12 February 1889, in Fritz Judtmann, Mayerling: The Facts Behind the Legend (George Harrap, 1971), p. 279.
59. RA VIC/T9/117, General Keith Fraser (British military attaché in Vienna, B’s representative at Rudolf’s funeral) to Dighton Probyn, 22 February 1889.
