by Jane Ridley
60. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 217.
61. QV to B, 7 February 1889, in Buckle, Letters (3rd series), vol. 1, p. 467.
62. Lord Salisbury to QV, 9 March 1889, in ibid., vol. 1, p. 477.
63. Rohl, Wilhelm II, p. 91.
64. Kohut, “Kaiser William II and His Parents,” in Rohl and Sombart, Corfu Papers, pp. 84–85.
65. Vicky to QV, 7 March 1889, in Pakula, Uncommon Woman, p. 572.
66. RA VIC/Add A4/9, B to Vicky, 15 May 1889. RA VIC/Z281/45, Francis Knollys to Henry Ponsonby, 12 May 1889.
67. RA VIC/Add A4/6, B to Vicky, 24 April 1889.
68. QVJ, 23–7 April 1889, in Buckle, Letters (3rd series), vol. 1, pp. 495–97.
69. Lord Salisbury to QV, 11 May 1889, in Rohl, Wilhelm II, pp. 96–97.
70. RA VIC/Add A4/11, QV to Kaiser William, 25 May 1889 (copy). Rohl, Wilhelm II, pp. 97–98.
71. RA VIC/Add A4/12, B to Vicky, 29 May 1889.
72. RA VIC/T9/161, Kaiser William to QV, 28 May 1889 (copy extract).
73. Henry Ponsonby to Prince Christian, 1 June 1889, in Buckle, Letters (3rd series), vol. 1, p. 501.
74. RA VIC/Z281 contains drafts of letters to the kaiser from Marlborough House and Windsor, May 1889.
75. Francis Knollys to Prince Christian, 8 June 1889, in Buckle, Letters (3rd series), vol. 1, p. 501.
76. RA VIC/Add A4/14, B to Vicky, 18 June 1889.
77. Kaiser William to Edward Malet, 14 June 1889, in Buckle, Letters (3rd series), vol. 1, p. 505.
78. Kaiser William to QV, 23 June 1889, in ibid., vol. 1, p. 505.
79. RA VIC/EVIID/1889: 2–6 August. QVJ, 2, 5, 8 August 1889, in Buckle, Letters (3rd series), vol. 1, pp. 520–22.
80. Kaiser William to Herbert Bismarck, 7 August 1889, in John Rohl, Wilhelm II (Cambridge University Press, 2004), p. 104.
81. Kaiser William to QV, 17 August 1889, in ibid., p. 106.
82. Vicky to QV, 27 July 1889, in Pakula, Uncommon Woman, p. 574.
CHAPTER 17: SCANDAL 1889–90
1. Hatfield House, 3M/E, Lady C. Beresford to Lord Salisbury, 22 July 1891.
2. Frank Harris, “First Gentleman of Europe: Stories of Edward Prince of Wales,” Pearson’s Magazine, October 1916, p. 316. The articles Harris wrote for Pearson’s Magazine in America during the First World War were based on information and letters supplied by Lady Warwick.
3. RA VIC/EVIID/1881: 30 April. Warwick, Afterthoughts, p. 61.
4. RA VIC/EVIID/1886: 19 June.
5. Warwick, Life’s Ebb and Flow, p. 182. According to Lady Warwick, this story was related to her by Evelyn Paget, who was in waiting on Queen Victoria and was a great friend of her mother. But Queen Victoria doesn’t mention the incident in her journal, nor is there any record that Lady Warwick ever stayed with Queen Victoria. (Information from Royal Archives.)
6. Roberts, Salisbury, p. 559.
7. Manchester, Candid Recollections, p. 64.
8. Warwick, Afterthoughts, pp. 65–66.
9. Sushila Anand, Daisy (Piatkus, 2008), p. 50. Margaret Blunden, The Countess of Warwick (Cassell, 1967), p. 67.
10. Hatfield House, Salisbury Papers, 3M/E, Lady C. Beresford to Lord Salisbury, 22 July 1891.
11. Hatfield House, 3M/E, Lady C. Beresford to Lord Salisbury, 22 July 1891.
12. John Juxon, Lewis and Lewis (Collins, 1983), pp. 236–37.
13. Hatfield House, 3M/E, Lady C. Beresford to Salisbury, 22 July 1891.
14. Ibid.
15. Pearson’s Magazine, October 1916, p. 316. See Warwick, Afterthoughts, pp. 44–45, 255.
16. RA VIC/EVIID/1889: 9–13 December.
17. Caroline Spurrier Archive, B to Daisy Warwick [9 December 1899, copy].
18. Hatfield House, 3M/E, Lord C. Beresford to Lord Salisbury, 12 July 1891.
19. Pearson’s Magazine, October 1916.
20. Ibid.
21. Hatfield House, 3M/E, Lady C. Beresford to Lord Salisbury, 22 July 1891.
22. Blunden, Countess of Warwick, p. 77.
23. RA VIC/Z50/48, Vicky to QV, 20 June 1891.
24. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, Carrington Diary, 6 July 1891.
25. Hatfield House 3M/E, Copy of Proposed Letter from Lord C. Beresford to P. of Wales: sent to me July 23 by Lady Charles, apparently to obtain my advice [in Salisbury’s hand: endorsed “Letter not sent at Lord S’s advice.”].
26. Hatfield House 3M/E, Lord Salisbury to Lord C. Beresford, 10 August 1891. Roberts, Salisbury, p. 559.
27. Hatfield House, 3M/E, Lord C. Beresford to B, 18 December 1891.
28. Warwick, Afterthoughts, p. 42.
29. Francis Knollys to Schomberg McDonnell, 19 December 1891, in Magnus, Edward VII, p. 296.
30. Arthur Balfour to Lady Salisbury, 23 December 1891, in Salisbury–Balfour Correspondence: Letters Exchanged Between the Third Marquess of Salisbury and His Nephew A.J. Balfour 1869–92, ed. Robin Harcourt Williams (Herts. Record Society, 1988), p. 321.
31. Roberts, Salisbury, p. 560.
32. Hatfield House, 3M/E, Schomberg McDonnell to Lord Salisbury, 17 December 1891.
33. Hatfield House, 3M/E, Lord C. Beresford to B, 21 December 1891.
34. Hatfield House, 3M/E, Duke of Portland to Lady C. Beresford, February 1892. Mina retained one copy.
35. Hatfield House, 3M/E, Lord C. Beresford to Lord Salisbury, 12 July 1891.
36. B to Lord Waterford, 6 April 1892, in Magnus, Edward VII, p. 236.
37. Manchester, Candid Recollections, pp. 62–63. See Vane, Affair of State, p. 187.
38. RA VIC/Add C07/1, B to Knollys, 8 April 1892. Bertie was referring here to the American Mrs. Arthur Paget: See this page.
39. Frederic Whyte, Life of W. T. Stead (Cape, 1925), vol. 2, p. 104.
40. Roberts, Salisbury, p. 558.
41. Kenneth Rose, The Later Cecils (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1975), p. 53.
42. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 217.
43. RA VIC/Add A5/468, Statement of Prince of Wales’s Income 1881–1900.
44. Bahlman, Diary of Edward Hamilton, vol. 2, p. 539 (4 January 1884).
45. Ibid., vol. 2, p. 552 (3 February 1884).
46. Ibid., vol. 2, p. 598 (21 April 1884).
47. Williams, Contentious Crown, pp. 62–64.
48. Hansard, vol. 338, cols. 1291–95, Labouchere’s speech, 25 July 1889.
49. Ibid., vol. 338, col. 1338.
50. Rothschild Archive RAL000/73 111/105, B to Natty Rothschild, 15 March 1885.
51. Rothschild Archive RAL000/73 111/105, Correspondence re Advance to Prince of Wales, 1889. Receipt for £60,000 advanced 25 July 1893 to Prince of Wales. See Niall Ferguson, The World’s Banker, p. 771.
52. Penny Crowe Archive, Prince Albert Victor to James Mackenzie, 20 August 1889; B to James Mackenzie, 18 August 1889.
53. Penny Crowe Archive, B to James Mackenzie, 3 October 1889.
54. Penny Crowe Archive, B to James Mackenzie, March 1887. The Times, 23 August 1890.
55. Bertie’s letters to James Mackenzie survive only for 1887–89, but Mackenzie clearly knew about Bertie’s finances in 1884: Bahlman, Diary of Edward Hamilton, vol. 2, p. 538 (4 January 1884).
56. Author information, Penny Crowe, June 2010.
57. Vincent, Derby Diaries 1878–93, p. 867.
58. See Anthony Allfrey, Edward VII and His Jewish Court (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1991), pp. 70–97.
59. Vincent, Derby Diaries 1878–93, p. 867.
60. Allfrey, Jewish Court, p. 102. Pat Thane, “Maurice de Hirsch,” ODNB.
61. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 219.
62. RA GV/AA18/32, B to George, 12 October 1890. RA VIC/EVIID/1890: 6–18 October.
63. RA GV/AA18/32, B to George, 12 October 1890.
64. Allfrey, Jewish Court, p. 101. Watson, King Edward VII as a Sportsman, p. 338.
65. RA GV/AA18/33, B to George, 19 October 1890.
66. Ruffer, Big Shots, p. 71.
67. Warwick, Afterthoughts, p. 40.
68
. Life with Queen Victoria: Marie Mallet’s Letters from Court, 1887–1901, ed. Victor Mallet (John Murray, 1968), p. 30 (28 July 1889).
69. RA VIC/Add A4/15, B to Vicky, 27 June 1889. See this page.
70. RA VIC/Z456/64, QV to B, 15 July 1889. RA VIC/Z456/69, QV to Princess Louise, 16 July 1889. RA VIC/Z456/67, QV to Lord Fife, 18 July 1889.
71. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 7 October 1906.
72. Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 192.
73. Giles St. Aubyn, The Royal George: The Life of Prince George, Duke of Cambridge (Constable, 1963), p. 299.
74. Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 193.
75. Churchill Archives Centre, Esher Papers, ESHR 12/3, Lord Arthur Somerset to Reginald Brett, 10 September 1889. H. Montgomery Hyde, The Cleveland Street Scandal (W. H. Allen, 1976), p. 42.
76. Lord Arthur Somerset to Reginald Brett, 30 September 1889, in Hyde, Cleveland Street, p. 42.
77. James Lees-Milne, The Enigmatic Edwardian: The Life of Reginald, 2nd Viscount Esher (Sidgwick and Jackson, 1986), p. 78.
78. This is preserved in the Esher papers in the Churchill Archives Centre, reference ESHR 12/3.
79. Churchill Archives Centre, Esher Papers, ESHR 12/13, Lord Arthur Somerset to Reginald Brett, 5 October 1889. Hyde, Cleveland Street, p. 81.
80. Hamilton Cuffe to Lord Halsbury, Lord Chancellor, 16 October 1889, in Hyde, Cleveland Street, pp. 90–91.
81. Ibid., p. 90.
82. Knollys was accused of leaking against Salisbury. During the debate on 28 February 1890, the Liberal MP Henry Labouchere, the editor of Truth, was challenged to supply the name of his informant for the allegation that Salisbury had tipped off Probyn about the warrant for Lord Arthur Somerset’s arrest. He theatrically wrote a name on a piece of paper, and then tore it up into tiny pieces. Afterward, an MP picked up the pieces, and revealed that the name was Sir Francis Knollys. This prompted Knollys to give an explanation to the PM in an interview with Schomberg McDonnell. According to McDonnell’s memo, Knollys admitted that he had seen Labouchere in November, but claimed he had told him only one thing: that Lord Arthur had fled on the same day as the King’s Cross meeting. “Sir Francis Knollys assures me that with the exception of the above remark he said literally nothing,” noted McDonnell. (Hatfield House, 3M/E, Schomberg McDonnell’s Memo of Conversation with Francis Knollys, 2 March 1890.)
83. Aronson, Prince Eddy, pp. 141–43.
84. Roberts, Salisbury, p. 546. A memo by Schomberg McDonnell, Salisbury’s private secretary, appears to vindicate Salisbury. It records an interview with a certain General Marshall, who claimed to have been alerted by Colonel Pearson, the assistant commissioner of police, about the damning evidence against Lord Arthur Somerset. Marshall told Pearson to warn Probyn. This memo is minuted by Salisbury in red ink: “If General Marshall’s impression is accurate Probyn played me an ugly trick for he did his best to make me assent to a letter which would have implied that he had obtained his information from my conversation. He told me that he had no communication with Somerset for several weeks before the flight.” (Hatfield House, 3M/E, Schomberg McDonnell to Salisbury, 21 September 1891.)
85. B to Lord Salisbury, 25 October 1889, in Hyde, Cleveland Street, p. 96.
86. Oliver Montagu to Lady Waterford, 10 December 1889, in Hyde, Cleveland Street, p. 122.
87. Churchill Archives Centre, Esher Papers, ESHR 12/3, Lord Arthur Somerset to Reginald Brett, 10 December 1889.
88. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, B to Charles Carrington, 2 January 1890.
89. Aronson, Prince Eddy, p. 170.
90. Cook, Prince Eddy, pp. 173–74, 197.
91. Oliver Montagu to Lady Waterford, December 1889, in Hyde, Cleveland Street, p. 124.
92. Broadlands Archive, Cassel Papers, T77, Eddy to Louis Mountbatten, 7 October 1889.
93. Quoted in Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 194.
94. RA VIC/Z456/160, B to QV, 31 March 1890.
95. RA VIC/Add C07/9, Francis Knollys to Henry Ponsonby, 18 May 1890.
96. Arthur Balfour to Lord Salisbury, 30 August 1890, in Harcourt-Williams, Salisbury–Balfour Correspondence, p. 321.
97. QV to Eddy, 19 May 1890, in Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 196.
98. Quoted in Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 197.
99. RA VIC/EVIID/1890: 29 August.
100. QV’s Memo, 29 August 1890, in Harcourt-Williams, Salisbury–Balfour Correspondence, p. 320.
101. Balfour’s copy of Alix’s letter to QV, in Harcourt-Williams, Salisbury–Balfour Correspondence, p. 322.
102. Arthur Balfour to Lord Salisbury, 30 August 1890, in Harcourt-Williams, Salisbury–Balfour Correspondence, p. 322.
103. Roberts, Salisbury, p. 550.
104. RA GV/AA18/38, B to George, 23 November 1890.
105. RA VIC/Add C07/1, Henry Ponsonby to Francis Knollys, 15 October 1890. RA VIC/Add C07/1, Ponsonby to Knollys, 30 October 1890.
106. Bodleian Library, Margot Asquith Papers, MSS Eng d3199, Diary, 22 June 1895.
107. Eddy to Lady Sybil St Clair Erskine, 21 June 1891, in Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, pp. 199–200.
108. See Cook, Prince Eddy, pp. 235–36.
109. Aronson, Prince Eddy, p. 199. Hyde, Cleveland Street, p. 57.
CHAPTER 18: NEMESIS 1890–92
1. RA GV/AA18/26, B to George, 26 August 1890.
2. RA VIC/Z456/85, B to QV, 17 August 1889. RA GV/AA21/25, B to George, 5 April 1897.
3. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 219. See RA EVIID/1890 (June, July).
4. Warwick, Afterthoughts, pp. 38–39, 93–94, 163.
5. RA VIC/Add C07/1, B to Francis Knollys, 7 November 1889.
6. RA GV/AA18/28, B to George, 9 September 1890. See Blunden, Countess of Warwick, p. 72.
7. Jason Tomes, “Sir William Gordon-Cumming,” ODNB.
8. Vane, Affair of State, p. 189. Tomes, “Gordon-Cumming,” ODNB. Bertie lunched at Harriet Street on 20 January 1880 and 6 February 1889. (RA VIC EVIID/1880: 20 January; RA VIC/EVIID/1889: 6 February 1889.) Gordon-Cumming stayed three times at Sandringham (ODNB).
9. RA GV/AA18/28, B to George, 9 September 1890. See Crook, Nouveaux Riches, pp. 27–28.
10. RA VIC/Y182/28, Hon. Arthur Somerset, “Tranby Croft Scandal,” transcript, April 1940.
11. Allfrey, Jewish Court, pp. 52, 55. The London Library copy has a marginal note in pencil: “only when he was a very old man.” See Roth, “Court Jews,” Jewish Social Studies (1943), p. 361.
12. The Baccarat Case, ed. W. Teignmouth Shore (William Hodge, 1932), p. 115. The Times, 4 June 1891 (Baccarat Case: Stanley Wilson’s evidence).
13. The Times, 4 June 1891.
14. George MacDonald Fraser wrote a story about Tranby Croft, which is published in Flashman and the Tiger (HarperCollins, 1999).
15. Michael Havers, Edward Grayson, and Peter Shankland, The Royal Baccarat Scandal (Souvenir Press, 1988), p. 123.
16. The Times, 4 June 1891.
17. Havers, Grayson, and Shankland, Royal Baccarat Scandal, p. 50.
18. Ibid., p. 32.
19. The Times, 3 June 1891 (evidence of Prince of Wales).
20. Shore, Baccarat Case, p. 181.
21. Ibid., p. 32.
22. RA VIC/Add U/32, QV to Vicky, 24 February 1891 [transcript].
23. Havers, Grayson, and Shankland, Royal Baccarat Scandal, p. 237.
24. Vincent, Derby Diaries 1878–93 (3 February 1891), p. 867.
25. Leslie, Edwardians in Love, p. 141.
26. Havers, Grayson, and Shankland, Royal Baccarat Scandal, p. 269.
27. Ibid., p. 269. Vane, Affair of State, p. 189.
28. RA GV/AA18/29, B to George, 16 September 1890. RA VIC/EVIID/1890: 11 September.
29. RA VIC/EVIID/1890: 12 September.
30. Shore, Baccarat Case, p. 78.
31. William Gordon-Cumming to B, 12 September 1890, in Havers, Grayson, and Shankland, Royal Baccarat Scandal, p. 40.
32. Th
e Times, 9 February 1911 (Letter from Daisy Warwick). Blunden, Countess of Warwick, pp. 72–73.
33. RA VIC/Y182/5, Redvers Buller to Henry Ponsonby, 13 February 1891. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 225.
34. RA VIC/Y182/22, Duke of Connaught to Henry Ponsonby, 22 February 1891.
35. See press comment in Havers, Grayson, and Shankland, Royal Baccarat Scandal, pp. 61–63.
36. RA VIC/Y182/23, Memo by Ponsonby, 22 February 1891.
37. Ibid., QV’s note.
38. RA VIC/Y182/18, Lord Rowton to Henry Ponsonby, 19 February 1891.
39. RA VIC/Add U/32, QV to Vicky, 24 February 1891 [transcript].
40. RA VIC/Add A12/1774, Francis Knollys to Henry Ponsonby, 17 April 1891.
41. RA GV/AA18/55, B to George, 29 March 1891.
42. RA VIC/Add A4/29, B to Vicky, 20 May 1891.
43. RA VIC/Y182/28, Hon. Arthur Somerset, “Tranby Croft Scandal,” transcript, April 1940.
44. T. H. S. Escott, King Edward and His Court (T. F. Unwin, 1903), p. 109. Richard Davenport-Hines, “Sir George Lewis,” ODNB. Allfrey, Jewish Court, pp. 206–7.
45. Hatfield House, 3M/E, Lord Charles Beresford to B, 12 July 1891. RA VIC/EVIID/1890: 25 January. Juxon, Lewis and Lewis, pp. 96–97.
46. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, Carrington Diary, 17 May 1891.
47. RA VIC/Add A12/1789, Henry Ponsonby to QV, 2 June 1891.
48. Havers, Grayson, and Shankland, Royal Baccarat Scandal, pp. 95–96.
49. The Times, 3 June 1891.
50. RA VIC/Add C07/9, Francis Knollys to Henry Ponsonby, 4 June 1891.
51. Ibid.
52. Havers, Grayson, and Shankland, Royal Baccarat Scandal, p. 154.
53. RA VIC/Add C07/9, Francis Knollys to Henry Ponsonby, 4 June 1891.
54. Havers, Grayson, and Shankland, Royal Baccarat Scandal, p. 203.
55. Ibid., p. 216.
56. RA VIC/Add C07/9, Francis Knollys to Henry Ponsonby, 8 June 1891.
57. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, Carrington Diary, 10 June 1891.
58. RA GV/AA19/11, B to George, 17 June 1891.
59. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, Carrington Diary, 12 June 1891.
60. RA VIC/Add U32/, QV to Vicky, 8 June 1891.
