Lend Me Your Ears: Great Speeches in History

by Unknown

  Although there are still places of darkness in the world where the light of reconciliation has not penetrated, these two beacons of hope show what can be done when men and women of goodwill work together for peace and for progress.

  There is a message in these two historic events for us assembled here today. As the world goes forward, we cannot start going backward.

  African-Americans have come too far and we have too far yet to go to take a detour into the swamp of hatred.

  We, as a people who have suffered so much from the hatred of others, must not now show tolerance for any movement or philosophy that has at its core the hatred of Jews or anyone else.

  Our future lies in the philosophy of love and understanding and caring and building. Not of hatred and tearing down.

  We know that. We must stand up for it and speak up for it!

  We must not be silent if we would live up to the legacy of those who have gone before us from this campus.

  I have no doubt that this controversy will pass and Howard University will emerge even stronger, even more than ever a symbol of hope, of promise, and of excellence.

  That is Howard’s destiny!

  Ambassador Annenberg, one of your honorees today, is a dear friend of mine and is one of America’s leading businessmen and greatest philanthropists.

  You have heard of his recent contribution to American education and his generous gift to Howard.

  A few years ago I told Mr. Annenberg about a project I was involved in to build a memorial to the Buffalo Soldiers, those brave black cavalrymen of the West whose valor had long gone unrecognized.

  Ambassador Annenberg responded immediately, and with his help the memorial now stands proudly at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

  The Buffalo Soldiers were formed in 1867, at the same time as Howard University. It is even said that your mascot, the bison, came from the bison, or buffalo, soldiers.

  Both Howard and the Buffalo Soldiers owe their early success to the dedication and faith of white military officers who served in the Civil War.

  In Howard’s case, of course, it was your namesake, Major General Oliver Howard.

  For the 10th Cavalry Buffalo Soldiers, it was Colonel Benjamin Grierson who formed and commanded that regiment for almost twenty-five years. And he fought that entire time to achieve equal status for his black comrades.

  Together, Howard University and the Buffalo Soldiers showed what black Americans were capable of when given the education and opportunity; and when shown respect and when accorded dignity.

  I am a direct descendant of those Buffalo Soldiers, of the Tuskegee Airmen, and of the navy’s Golden Thirteen, and Montfort Point Marines, and all the black men and women who served this nation in uniform for over three hundred years.

  All of whom served in their time and in their way and with whatever opportunity existed then to break down the walls of discrimination and racism to make the path easier for those of us who came after them.

  I climbed on their backs and stood on their shoulders to reach the top of my chosen profession to become chairman of the American Joint Chiefs of Staff.

  I will never forget my debt to them and to the many white “Colonel Griersons” and “General Howards” who helped me over the thirty-five years of my life as a soldier.

  They would say to me now, “Well done. And now let others climb up on your shoulders.”

  Howard’s Buffalo Soldiers did the same thing, and on their shoulders now stand governors and mayors and congressmen and generals and doctors and artists and writers and teachers and leaders in every segment of American society.

  And they did it for the class of 1994. So that you can now continue climbing to reach the top of the mountain, while reaching down and back to help those less fortunate.

  You face “Great Expectations.” Much has been given to you and much is expected from you.

  You have been given a quality education, presented by a distinguished faculty who sit here today in pride of you.

  You have inquiring minds and strong bodies given to you by God and by your parents, who sit behind you and pass on to you today their still unrealized dreams and ambitions.

  You have been given citizenship in a country like none other on earth, with opportunities available to you like nowhere else on earth, beyond anything available to me when I sat in a place similar to this thirty-six years ago.

  What will be asked of you is hard work. Nothing will be handed to you. You are entering a life of continuous study and struggle to achieve your goals.

  A life of searching to find that which you do well and love doing. Never stop seeking.

  I want you to have faith in yourselves. I want you to believe to the depth of your soul that you can accomplish any task that you set your mind and energy to.

  I want you to be proud of your heritage. Study your origins. Teach your children racial pride and draw strength and inspiration from the cultures of our forebears.

  Not as a way of drawing back from American society and its European roots.

  But as a way of showing that there are other roots as well. African and Caribbean roots that are also a source of nourishment for the American family tree.

  To show that African-Americans are more than a product of our slave experience.

  To show that our varied backgrounds are as rich as that of any other American not better or greater, but every bit as equal.

  Our black heritage must be a foundation stone we can build on, not a place to withdraw into.

  I want you to fight racism. But remember, as Dr. King and Dr. Mandela have taught us, racism is a disease of the racist. Never let it become yours. White South Africans were cured of the outward symptoms of the disease by President Mandela’s inauguration, just as surely as black South Africans were liberated from apartheid.

  Racism is a disease you can help cure by standing up for your rights and by your commitment to excellence and to performance.

  By being ready to take advantage of your rights and the opportunities that will come from those rights.

  Never let the dying hand of racism rest on your shoulder, weighing you down. Let racism always be someone else’s burden to carry.

  As you seek your way in the world, never fail to find a way to serve your community. Use your education and your success in life to help those still trapped in cycles of poverty and violence.

  Above all, never lose faith in America. Its faults are yours to fix, not to curse.

  America is a family. There may be differences and disputes in the family, but we must not allow the family to be broken into warring factions.

  From the diversity of our people, let us draw strength and not cause weakness.

  Believe in America with all your heart and soul and mind. It remains the “last best hope of Earth.”

  You are its inheritors and its future is today placed in your hands.

  Go forth from this place today inspired by those who went before you. Go forth with the love of your families and the blessings of your teachers.

  Go forth to make this a better country and society. Prosper, raise strong families, remembering that all you will leave behind is your good works and your children.

  Go forth with my humble congratulations.

  And let your dreams be your only limitations. Now and forever.

  Thank you and God bless you.

  Have a great life!

  Brain-Science Philanthropist David J. Mahoney Envisions Active Lives Lived to One Hundred Years

  “Medical science will give most of you the body to blow out a hundred candles on your birthday cake, and the brain scientists will give you the life of your mind…. Unlike most of today’s centenarians, you will be able to remember and use what you’ve learned in your century…. It’s up to you to make sure you have a varied life that’s worth remembering.”

  After a business career that took him from the mailroom of an ad agency to the head of a billion-dollar corporation (Canada Dry, Hunt Foods, McCall’s), Bron
x-born David J. Mahoney took on a greater challenge as a philanthropist: making the public aware of the potential of neuroscience, and marshaling public and private research support for breakthroughs in the treatment of brain diseases and the improvement of processes like memory.

  As head of the Charles A. Dana Foundation, Mahoney organized many of the world’s leading brain scientists into an alliance that set specific goals for the developments of new drugs and genetic discoveries for Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s and Lou Gehrig’s diseases; to new treatments for the management of pain, manic depression, and rehabilitation after stroke; to ways to preserve memory in the aging brain.

  In a speech to the graduating class at New Jersey’s Rutgers University on May 16, 1996, the philanthropist that Nobel Prize-winner James Watson called “the Mary Lord of our generation” brought the esoteric down to earth: How should people in their early twenties deal with a life that could well be one-fourth longer than that of their parents?

  He put forward a “centenarian strategy.” The speech is organized into two parts: First, here’s a “problem” you didn’t realize you have, and then, here are five specific ways to deal with it. The style is crisp and business-like, but the theme is stunningly visionary: “the challenge of a life with an active fourth quarter.”

  David Mahoney died in 2000 at the age of 76, as did his son at the age of 40. His grandson, now a teenager, has, in Mahoney’s optimistic projection, “more than a good chance to break a hundred.”

  ***

  THIS SPEECH IS going to make you roll your eyes and smile. You’re going to wonder—what kind of super-optimist did they get to make this year’s commencement address? Okay, here comes a challenge you didn’t know you had: Each one of you is going to have to start planning now to live to be one hundred.

  No, I’m not planning to live to a hundred myself. Nor is my son, David Jr.—he’ll consider himself lucky to get to ninety. But his son, now age six, at the tag end of your generation, has more than a good chance to break a hundred. And so do all of you in the class of ’96.

  I’m not alone in making this prediction. A strange thing happened on Air Force One recently: The president of the United States sat on the floor of the aircraft, up against a bulkhead, and spoke to the traveling press pool for three hours. Not a word was on the record. The rules were “psychological background”—that meant the press could report what President Clinton was thinking, but could not say he was the one who told them. They could attribute his ruminations only to a mysterious source called “the highest authority.”

  Some of us read that pool report with care because we like to know what’s going on in the head of the man who runs the country. And sure enough, there was a line in it that was, to me, a stunner. Quote: “He feels biology will be to the twenty-first century what physics was to the twentieth century. He believes people might routinely live beyond one hundred years.”

  That comes to us from “the highest authority”—not God, but from the CEO of the world’s only superpower, who has access to the best scientific minds in the country. And he was not talking about one person in a thousand living to be a hundred, as happens today; he believes that people will “routinely” make it all the way to triple digits. Of course, the reporters were more interested in politics and scandal, and nobody followed up on the most intriguing notion of the day: an extra-long generation tacked on to the average human’s life.

  Of course, the actuaries at the insurance companies look back, not forward, to report past life expectancy. Based on past history, the tables say all of you here can expect to live to only seventy-seven years and nine months. Don’t knock it—that’s a 10 percent longer life than Americans born fifty years ago, and it beats the biblical “three score and ten.” But the actuaries are careful to say they’re only historians, and they’re not making forecasts.

  So don’t be fooled by an “expectancy” age that presumes we won’t get a cure for cancer—which we will. Don’t accept a presumption that organ transplants won’t become everyday operations, which they will. And then factor in the medical breakthroughs stemming from the Human Genome Project, which is going to use genetics to cure hereditary diseases and bring down the death rate. And if we were able, in these past fifty years, to triumph over the microbe with antibiotics, isn’t it logical to assume that in the coming generations we will be able to conquer viruses? Taken together, the medical advances in your lifetime are near certain to add a generation to your life. You will play in a whole new fourth quarter.

  Let me tell you what opened my mind to these possibilities. I am chairman of the Charles A. Dana Foundation, which supports research in brain science. Five years ago, I put a challenge to a group of the brainiest neuroscientists in the world, many of them Nobel laureates, including James Watson, the codiscoverer of DNA. I said: “Name ten brain problems you can solve in the coming decade if you get the proper support.” At first they were reluctant to go out on a limb, but they realized how important it was to offer realistic hope in order to get research support. They signed on to ten challenges—just ten—that together can beat dozens of neurological diseases in this decade.

  We’re halfway through this decade—how are we doing? Well, the latest Dana Alliance progress report shows that we have found the gene for Lou Gehrig’s disease and the first drug for it is coming out this year. We’ve got not one but four genes involved in Alzheimer’s disease and twenty-two new drugs for it are in trials. We have the first really good medication for schizophrenia and more in the pipeline, and just this year the FDA approved the first emergency drug that can protect against disability if someone having a stroke receives it quickly.

  Next on the list: treatments that will block the action of cocaine. Brain tissue transplants—and not with human fetuses, either—that will cure Parkinson’s disease. At least one and probably more genes that cause manic-depressive illness. And the first drugs that can induce injured spinal cord cells to reconnect—so that people will have a better shot at recovering movement. These aren’t my predictions; they are the estimates of the best minds in the field, who have a track record of delivering the cures they talk about.

  That’s why I agree with “the highest authority” in Air Force One about your generation living to a hundred. Get your minds around that: Most of you, now in your early twenties, might well have the chance to be centenarians. What does that mean to you right now?

  You think of centenarians as toothless old geezers doddering around if they’re lucky, confined to wheelchairs if they’re not. You think of the line of George Burns when he reached one hundred: “At my age, you don’t buy green bananas.” Or you’re thinking of the gag about Senator Strom Thurmond—that when he willed his body parts to a hospital, the doctors saw a list of parts that they weren’t even using anymore.

  You think of extreme old age—if you think of it at all—as a time of being a liability to society and a burden to the family. Of falling apart physically and losing your marbles mentally. Of making no contribution. And—worst of all—of having no fun. As Ira Gershwin wrote in Porgy and Bess: “Methusaleh lived nine hundred years. But who calls that livin’, when no gal will give in, to no one who’s nine hundred years.”

  But what if brain scientists are able to keep pace with the scientists of the body? Let’s assume that immunologists will be able to prevent or cure everything from cancer to AIDS, and organ transplants and blood-work and genetic engineering will cope with most other ailments and diseases. Without an active brain—without a working memory and the ability to learn—“who calls that livin’”?

  I’m here to tell you that neuroscience is keeping pace with, even setting the pace for, all other medical disciplines. This year, as you can learn from our heavily hit Web site on the Internet, we’re expanding the Dana Alliance for Brain Initiatives on a global scale. Here’s our guarantee: as body scientists keep you alive to a hundred, brain scientists will keep your life worth living.

  What do you do with th
is information? I submit that you throw out all previous notions of one career followed by a lazy retirement. That was the strategy of your grandfathers and it’s strictly wheelchair thinking. You need a new strategy for a lifetime of alertness that lasts a whole century.

  The Centenarian Strategy delivers a swift kick in the head to the current idea of hitting the ground running, working your youth into a frazzle, taking every better offer as it comes, making a pile as early as you can and then coasting on that momentum until your last downsizing company forces you into retirement.

  The Centenarian Strategy also runs counter to the planning of idealistic young people who look to a life of public service, of social work or environmental action, setting aside money for psychic income and expecting the government to care for them in old age.

  Keeping that active fourth quarter in view—remembering that brain scientists have already found that you are much less likely to vegetate if you stay active and keep exercising your mind as well as your body—then here are the five fundamentals of the Centenarian Strategy:

  1. Diversify your career from the very beginning.

  Stop thinking of jobs in series, one after the other; instead, think of careers in parallel. That means planning your vocation along with your avocation, and keep them as separate as possible. If you want to go into business, plan an avocation of music or art; if you are inclined toward the law or the media, diversify into education or landscaping. If you want to be a poet, think about politics on the side, and study it seriously.

  Don’t confuse an avocation with recreation. Watching basketball on television, or surfing the Internet for the latest interactive game, can be a lively part of life, but it’s not a creative avocation. And don’t confuse a serious avocation with a hobby; do-it-yourselfing is fun, and so are clay modeling, and gardening and fiddling with old cars. Hobbies are ways to relax and to make friends, and everybody should have some; but a real avocation is a subtext to a career, and a part of your working week to pursue with a certain dedication. Why? Not only because it gives balance to your second quarter, but because it positions you for the time that will come, in the third or fourth quarter, to switch gears. And then switch them again—you’ll have the time, and public policy will change to give you incentives to keep working or avocating.