Colonel Roosevelt
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Parsons, Frances Theodora. Perchance Some Day. Privately printed memoir, 1951 (copy in TRC).
Pringle, Henry F. The Life and Times of William Howard Taft. 2 vols. New York, 1939.
———. Theodore Roosevelt, A Biography. New York, 1931.
Putnam, Carleton. Theodore Roosevelt: The Formative Years, 1858–1886. New York, 1958.
Remey, Oliver, et al. The Attempted Assassination of Ex-President Theodore Roosevelt. Milwaukee, Wis., 1912.
Republican National Committee. Official Report of the Proceedings of the National Republican Convention, 1912. The Internet Archive, http://www.archive.org/.
Robinson, Corinne R. My Brother Theodore Roosevelt. New York, 1921.
Robinson, Edwin Arlington. Collected Poems. New York, 1922.
———. The Town Down the River. New York, 1910.
Rondon, Cândido M. Lectures Delivered by Colonel Cândido Mariana da Silva Rondon … On the 5th, 7th and 9th of October 1915 at the Phenix Theatre of Rio de Janeiro, on the Roosevelt-Rondon Scientific Expedition. R. G. Reidy and Ed. Murray, trans. Rio de Janeiro, 1916; New York, 1969.
Roosevelt, Eleanor Butler. Day Before Yesterday: The Reminiscences of Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. Garden City, N.Y., 1959.
Roosevelt, Emlen, ed. Roosevelt vs. Newett: A Transcript of the Testimony Taken and Depositions Read at Marquette, Michigan (May 26–31, 1913). Privately printed, 1913.
Roosevelt, Kermit. The Happy Hunting-Grounds. New York, 1920.
———. The Long Trail. New York, 1921.
———, ed. Quentin Roosevelt: A Sketch with Letters. New York, 1921.
Roosevelt, Theodore. African and European Addresses. Lawrence F. Abbott, ed. New York, 1910.
———. An Autobiography. New York, 1913; Library of America, 2004.
———. The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt. 8 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1951–54.
———. The Works of Theodore Roosevelt. Memorial Edition. 24 vols. New York, 1923–1926.*
Rosewater, Victor. Back Stage in 1912: The Inside Story of the Split Republican Convention. Philadelphia, 1932.
Slayden, Ellen Maury. Washington Wife: Journal of Ellen Maury Slayden from 1897–1919. New York, 1963.
Stoddard Henry L. As I Knew Them: Presidents and Politics from Grant to Coolidge. New York, 1927.
Strachan, Hew. The First World War. New York, 2004.
Straus, Oscar. Under Four Administrations. Boston, 1922.
Street, Julian. The Most Interesting American. New York, 1915.
Stürmer, Michael. The German Empire, 1870–1918. New York, 2000.
Sullivan, Mark. Our Times: The United States, 1900–1925. Vols. 3–5. New York, 1930.
Teague, Michael. Mrs. L: Conversations with Alice Roosevelt Longworth. London, 1981.
Thayer, William Roscoe. Theodore Roosevelt: An Intimate Biography. Boston, 1919.
Thompson, Charles Willis. Presidents I’ve Known and Two Near Presidents. Indianapolis, 1929.
Tuchman, Barbara W. The Proud Tower: A Portrait of the World Before the War, 1890–1914. New York, 1966.
Turner, Frederick J. Dear Lady: The Letters of Frederick J. Turner and Alice Forbes Perkins Hooper, 1910–1932. San Marino, Calif., 1970.
Vivieros, Esther de. Rondon conta sua vida. Rio de Janeiro, 1958.
Wagenknecht, Edward. The Seven Worlds of Theodore Roosevelt. New York, 1958; Guilford, Conn., 2008.
Wall, Joseph Frazier. Andrew Carnegie. Pittsburgh, Pa., 1970, 1989.
Wallace, David H. Sagamore Hill National Historic Site: Historic Furnishings Report. Vol. 1, Historical Data. Harpers Ferry, Va., 1989.
Washburn, Charles G. Theodore Roosevelt: The Logic of His Career. Boston, 1916.
Wharton, Edith. A Backward Glance. New York, 1933, 1985.
White, William Allen. The Autobiography of William Allen White. New York, 1946.
———. Masks in a Pageant. New York, 1928.
Wister, Owen. The Pentecost of Calamity. New York, 1917.
———. Roosevelt: The Story of a Friendship, 1880–1919. New York, 1930.
Wood, Frederick S., ed. Roosevelt As We Knew Him: The Personal Recollections of One Hundred and Fifty of His Friends and Associates. Philadelphia, 1927.
Zahm, John Augustine. Through South America’s Southland: With an Account of the Roosevelt Scientific Expedition to South America. New York, 1916.
ARTICLES
Alves de Lima, José C. “Reminiscences of Roosevelt in Brazil,” Brazilian American, Feb. 1927.
Babir, Karl. “Alfred Thayer Mahan, Theodore Roosevelt, the Middle East, and the Twentieth Century.” Journal of Middle Eastern and North African Intellectual and Cultural Studies, 2.1 (Spring 2004).
Blakey, George T. “Calling a Boss a Boss: Did Roosevelt Libel Barnes in 1915?” New York History, 60.2 (Apr. 1979).
Burton, David H. “Theodore Roosevelt and His English Correspondents: A Special Relationship of Friends.” Transactions of the America Philosophical Society, n.s., 63, pt. 2, 1973.
Enders, Armelle. “Theodore Roosevelt explorateur: Positivisme et mythe de la frontière dans l’expediçào cíentífica Roosevelt-Rondon au Mato Grosso et en Amazonie.” Nuevo Mundo Mundo Nuevos, 2 Feb. 2005, http://nuevomundo.revues.org/.
German, James C., Jr. “Roosevelt, Taft, and United States Steel.” The Historian, 34.4 (1972).
Greene, John Robert. “Theodore Roosevelt and the Barnes Libel Case: A Reappraisal.” Presidential Studies Quarterly, 19.1 (Winter 1989).
Holli, Melvin, and C. David Tompkins. “Roosevelt vs. Newett: The Politics of Libel.” Michigan History, 47.4 (Dec. 1963).
Holmes, James R. “Theodore Roosevelt and Elihu Root: International Lawmen.” World Affairs, 169.4 (Spring 2007).
Levien, Sonya. “The Great Friend: A Personal Story of Theodore Roosevelt as He Revealed Himself to One of His Associates in Magazine Work.” Woman’s Home Companion, Oct. 1919.
Margulies, Herbert F. “La Follette, Roosevelt and the Republican Presidential Nomination of 1912.” Mid-America, 58.1 (1976).
Masheck, Joseph. “Teddy’s Taste: Theodore Roosevelt and the Armory Show.” Art Forum, 9.2 (1970).
Murakata, Akiko. “Theodore Roosevelt and William Sturgis Bigelow: The Story of a Friendship.” Harvard Library Bulletin, 23.1 (1975).
Murphy, Gary. “Mr. Roosevelt Is Guilty: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for Constitutionalism, 1910–1912.” Journal of American Studies, 36.3 (Dec. 2002).
Osborn, Henry Fairfield. “Theodore Roosevelt, Naturalist.” Natural History, 19.1 (Jan. 1919).
Pavord, Andrew C. “The Gamble for Power: Theodore Roosevelt’s Decision to Run for the Presidency in 1912.” Presidential Studies Quarterly, 26.3 (Summer 1996).
Potts, E. Daniel. “Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Party, 1912–1916: A Reinterpretation.” Pacific Circle: Proceedings of the Second Biennial Conference of the Australian and New Zealand American Studies Association. St. Lucia, Queensland, 1968.
Rice, Gary. “Trailing a Celebrity: Press Coverage of Theodore Roosevelt’s African Safari, 1909–1910.” Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal, 21.3 (Fall 1996).
Sá, Dominichi M. de, et al. “Telegraphs and an Inventory of the Territory of Brazil: The Scientific Work of the Rondon Commission (1907–1915).” História, Ciêncas, Saúde-Manguinhos, 15.3 (July–Sept., 2008), http://www.scielo.br/.
Sherman, Stuart P. “Roosevelt and the National Psychology,” The Nation, 109.2836 (8 Nov. 1919).
Stagner, Stephen. “The Recall of Judicial Decisions and the Due Process Debate.” American Journal of Legal History, 24.3 (July 1980).
UNPUBLISHED WORKS AND INTERVIEWS
Cherrie, George K. Diary of the Roosevelt-Rondon Expedition, 1913–1914 (AMNH).
Dawson, F. Warrington. “Opportunity and Theodore Roosevelt.” Pre-publication ts., 1924 (KRP).
Gable, John Allen. “The Bull Moose Years: Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Party, 1912–1916.” Ph.D. diss. Kenyon College, 1965.
O’Laughlin, John Callan. Diary of the Republican National Convention, June 1912 (OL).
Pratt, Walter Merriam. “Theodore Roosevelt: His Cabinet, Family, Funeral Notices.” Bound scrapbook (TRB).
Roosevelt, Nicholas. “Account of the Republican National Convention at Chicago, June 12, 1912.” Bound volume (TRC).
Roosevelt, Philip J. “Politics of the Year 1912: An Intimate Progressive View.” Ts. (TRC).
Roosevelt, Theodore. Diary, 1909 (TRC).
———. Diary, 1910 (TRB).
Roosevelt Memorial Association. “The Story of the Roosevelt Medals.” Ts., ca. 1940 (TRB).
Wertheim, Stephen A. “The League That Wasn’t: Theodore Roosevelt, Elihu Root, William Howard Taft and a Legalist League of Nations.” AB diss. Harvard, 2007.
WEBSITES
GHDI: German History in Documents and Images, http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/.
The Internet Archive, http://www.archive.org/.
Measuring Worth, http://www.measuringworth.com/.
* Quotations from this book have been checked against transcripts of Butt’s original letters, preserved in the Marble Library of Emory University, Atlanta, Ga.
* There is an alternative collection, The Works of Theodore Roosevelt, National Edition, 20 vols. (New York, 1926). It is almost identical in content with the Memorial Edition but is arranged differently. For a brief survey of the Memorial Edition, see Wagenknecht, The Seven Worlds of Theodore Roosevelt, 345.
NOTES
The names of Roosevelt family members are abbreviated thus in the Notes:
TR Theodore Roosevelt
EKR Edith Kermit Roosevelt
ARL Alice Roosevelt Longworth
TR. Jr. Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. (“Ted”)
EBR Eleanor Butler Roosevelt (Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.)
KR Kermit Roosevelt
ERD Ethel Roosevelt Derby
ABR Archibald Bulloch Roosevelt (“Archie”)
QR Quentin Roosevelt
Two other monograms are used: WHT for William Howard Taft, and WW for Woodrow Wilson. Abbreviations denoting collections and repositories are listed above in Archives.
Contemporary (2010) dollar equivalents occasionally appear in parentheses after figures cited for TR’s lifetime. Unless otherwise indicated, these equivalents are taken from the annual CPI/GDP deflator indices posted on Measuring Worth (http://www.measuringworth.com/).
PROLOGUE
Chronological Note: On 23 Mar. 1909, twelve days after handing over the presidency to WHT, TR sailed from Hoboken, N.J., on the SS Hamburg. He used his hat to wigwag, in expert semaphore, “Goodbye and good luck.” Arriving in Naples on 4 Apr., he changed to another German steamship and sailed the following day via the Suez Canal to Mombasa. Disembarking there on 21 Apr., he boarded a special upland train at 2.30 p.m. on Thursday, 22 Apr.
1 Sitting above the cowcatcher This account of TR’s journey to the interior of British East Africa (later Kenya) is based on “Through the Pleistocene,” the first chapter of his book African Game Trails (1910), cited hereafter as vol. 5 of The Works of Theodore Roosevelt, Memorial Edition (New York, 1923–26). Other documentary details come from reports in the East African Standard, 24 Apr. 1909; The Leader of British East Africa, 7 Aug. 1909; and Uganda Railway, British East Africa, a glossy booklet sent by TR to his publisher in 1909 (SCR). Minor descriptive touches derive from the author’s own native background in Kenya.
2 a “Royal” grade East African Standard, 24 Apr. 1909. TR’s great rifle, now privately owned, is illustrated and described in R. L. Wilson, Theodore Roosevelt Hunter-Conservationist, Boone and Crockett Club special edition, Missoula, Mont., 2009, 174–77. This book is an excellent pictorial record of TR’s expeditions.
3 It contrasts with See TR’s essay “The Pigskin Library,” TR, Works, 14.463ff. Forty-six surviving volumes are preserved in TRC, along with the aluminum valise. Matched against “the original list” of titles compiled by TR himself, they project a total of 73 volumes. For the genesis of the library, see Corinne Roosevelt Robinson, My Brother Theodore Roosevelt (New York, 1921), 252–53. For TR’s current range of reading, see Biographical Note below, 590.
4 Less disconcerting TR, Works, 5.15–18.
5 “this great fragment” Ibid., 5.5, xxvi.
6 finding again the Dark Continent See Edmund Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt (rev. ed., New York, 2001), 15.
7 “Doctor,” he had said Ibid., 129.
8 Hustling for votes This distaste for electoral politics, owing much to the corruption of the Gilded Age, was a comparatively recent phenomenon in TR’s immediate family. Several of his ancestors in revolutionary and federal times had been public men. See Carlton Putnam, Theodore Roosevelt: The Formative Years, 1858–1886 (New York, 1958), 3–6.
Biographical Note: Claes Martenszen van Rosenvelt, whose surname probably derived from a farm, Rosevelt (“Rose Field” on the island of Tholen in Zeeland, Holland), is established as the first American Roosevelt in Timothy Field Beard and Henry B. Hoff, “The Roosevelt Family,” The New York Genealogical and Biological Record, 118.4 (Oct. 1987), 1–2.
9 Not surprisingly Morris, Theodore Rex, 98–99, 180–81; Carl Cavanaugh Hodge, “Theodore Roosevelt and the Transoceanic Naval Arms Race, 1897–1909,” Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal, 30.1–2 (Winter–Spring, 2009); Peter Larsen, “Theodore Roosevelt and the Moroccan Crisis, 1904–1906” (Ph.D. diss., Princeton University, 1984), 307–8. For a compact study of TR’s personal style in foreign affairs, see Frederick W. Marks III, Velvet on Iron: The Diplomacy of Theodore Roosevelt (Lincoln, Neb., 1979).
10 His Nobel In the opinion of a modern expert on foreign policy, TR “approached the global balance of power with a sophistication matched by no other American president.” Henry Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York, 1994), 41.
11 That does not stop him Theodore Roosevelt, The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, Elting E. Morison, John Blum, et al., eds., 8 vols. (Cambridge, Mass., 1951–1954), 1.324. Henceforth TR, Letters.
12 Such are the intellectual TR quoted in memorandum, “Curtis at the Conference,” 20 Aug. 1887 (HKB). TR to Henry Cabot Lodge, 15 Feb. 1887; TR, Letters, 1.509; TR, Works, 5.4. For a typical statement of TR’s philosophy of activism, see TR, “Latitude and Longitude Among Reformers,” Works, 15.379.
13 Having spent much See David H. Burton, “Theodore Roosevelt and His English Correspondents: A Special Relationship of Friends,” Transactions of the America Philosophical Society, n.s., 63, pt. 2 (1973). Great Britain and Germany had agreed in 1890 to partition inland East Africa, while allowing the sultanate of Zanzibar to continue in control of the coastal strip. Relations between the two protectorates were testy. Britain scored a strategic coup in 1903, when its 584-mile Mombasa–Kisumu railroad opened for business, with the intent of connecting British East Africa to Lake Victoria and the Nile. But the venture was hugely expensive, and looked unlikely ever to pay for itself unless enough white farmers could be coaxed to develop the countryside it traversed. Hence the eagerness of British imperialists to assist TR’s safari, in the hope he would encourage settlement of the Protectorate in his book—seen as a certain international bestseller.
14 “I am the only” TR en route to Africa, ca. 28 Mar. 1909, quoted in E. Alexander Powell, Yonder Lies Adventure (New York, 1932), 319.
15 Fifty-six eminent TR, Works, 5.24–25. The list of gun donors included the Duke and Duchess of Bedford; the Earls of Lonsdale and Warwick; Lord Curzon, former viceroy of India; Sir Edward Grey, British foreign minister; Sir George Otto Trevelyan, historian; and Col. J. H. Patterson, author of The Man-Eaters of Tsavo.
16 Germany’s current arms buildup Just before TR arrived in Mombasa, Austria-Hungary announced that it, too, would be laying down three new dreadnoughts. (The Leader of British East Africa, 10 Apr. 1909.) For a compact account of the British-German �
�Navy Scare of 1909,” see chap. 33 of Robert Massie, Dreadnought: Britain, Germany, and the Coming of the Great War (New York, 1991).
17 His safari has generated TR’s financial arrangement with the Smithsonian was that he would pay all safari expenses incurred by himself and KR (about two-fifths of a total estimated cost of $50,000), leaving museum fund-raisers to cover the rest. This presupposed $20,000 from him ($385,000 in today’s [2010] dollars) and $30,000 ($533,000) from his sponsors, but early on it became clear that the safari was going to cost twice as much as he had planned. He was therefore obliged to solicit further funds, including $27,000 ($480,000) from Carnegie. All monetary equivalents are from Measuring Worth (http://www.measuringworth.com/).
18 He wants to show Morris, The Rise of TR, 27; Sylvia Jukes Morris, Edith Kermit Roosevelt: Portrait of a First Lady (New York, 1980), 23–26; TR to EKR, n.d., ca. 7 Aug. 1909 (KRP).
19 “Jambo Bwana King ya Amerik!” “Greetings, Lord King of America!” Quoted in Bartle Bull, Safari: A Chronicle of Adventure (New York, 1988), 169.
20 the largest safari yet mounted For detailed accounts of the expedition, supplementary to TR’s own, see Bull, Safari, chap. 5, Wilson, TR Hunter-Conservationist, chap. 9, and Tweed Roosevelt, “Theodore Roosevelt’s African Safari,” in Natalie Naylor et al., eds., Theodore Roosevelt: Many-Sided American (Interlaken, N.Y., 1992), 413–32. The size and scope of TR’s safari remains a record in Kenya history.
21 a third term in 1908 TR’s first term must be understood to have been the three and a half executive years he inherited from William McKinley, and his second the four years he won in the election of 1904. In his lifetime, there was no constitutional limit to the number of terms a president could serve.