Alone on the Ice: The Greatest Survival Story in the History of Exploration
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hut kits, 125
Hut Point, 45, 46, 48–49
Hyde Park Corner, 127, 248, 306
“Hypervitaminosis A in the Antarctic in the Australian Antarctic Expedition of 1911–1914” (Cleland and Southcott), 224–25
hypsometers, 26, 68, 215
ice age, 43
ice axes, 50, 51, 52, 55, 66, 67, 68, 135, 175, 209
icebergs, 108, 109, 110, 121, 250, 252, 287
ice blink, 110
icefalls, 24
ice masks, 146
Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, see Endurance expedition
inclinometer, 59, 68, 70, 83
Inferno (Dante), 196
“In Memoriam,” 264, 266
International Geophysical Year of 1957–58, 301
Inuit, 110, 225
“Its Society for the Prevention of the Blues, The,” 127
japara, 173, 210
Jappy (dog), 19, 23
Jarvis, Tim, 308–12
Jeffryes, Norma, 278, 291
Jeffryes, Sidney, 258–62
cooking of, 256, 270, 280, 282
dementia of, 260–62, 268–82, 291–94
depression of, 259–60, 262
firing of, 280
homecoming of, 291–94
hygiene issue and, 268, 278–79
radio and, 203, 246, 247, 255, 256, 270, 273–78, 280
resignation offer of, 270, 279, 280
Jeffryes Glacier, 294
Jensen, H. J., 42
John Bull (dog), 19
Johnson (dog), 211, 212
Jones, Sydney, 189–92, 250–51, 298
Jupiter, magnetic field of, 59
K2, 139
Kaiser Wilhelm Land, 190
kangaroo jerky, 309
Kennedy, Alexander, 112, 113, 121
on crevasses, 166
in Eastern Coastal Party, 193–200
getting lost of, 168
kerosene, 175
Khayyám, Omar, 233
King Edward VII Land, 48
Kipling, Rudyard, 129, 164
knives, 215, 226, 241, 305
Koehler, Réné, 300
lakes, meltwater, 198–99
Lansing, Alfred, 300
Laseron, Charles “Joe,” 97, 98, 99, 117, 141–46, 177, 298
on Aurora’s approach, 251
on Basilisk, 131
on Close, 130, 159–60
on dinners, 141
on Hodgeman, 138
on Hurley, 142, 149, 159–60
on Mawson, 128, 151, 188, 304
in missing goods retrieval, 124
on Murphy, 143–44, 149
on second wintering over, 205
in supporting party, 170, 172
on tent pitching, 173–74
on Wild, 164
on wind and snow, 132
on wind-walking, 134
on wintering over as domestic idyll, 149
Law, Phillip, 225, 249
leaders, leadership, 17, 22–23, 39
Davis as, 203, 204
Madigan as, 161, 170–71
Mawson as, 17, 39, 78, 82, 124, 160–61, 163, 303–4, 307
McKay’s ultimatum and, 73–74
Murphy as, 143
Wild as, 111, 118, 163, 165–66, 169, 171, 188, 189
Leane, Elizabeth, 266–67
Lecointe, Georges, 156, 262
London, 19, 94, 263, 288, 299, 306
London Daily Mail, 288–89
Losumbuno, 41
Lucky Depot, 175
Lysaght, Gerald, 89
Mackay, Alistair:
diary of, 60, 62, 66, 67, 68, 70, 72, 73, 74
in Erebus climb, 50–56
in relief party, 81–82
in South Magnetic Pole team, 57–72, 83, 111, 171
ultimatum of, 73–74
Macquarie Island, 97–100, 102–8, 162, 298
Ainsworth’s chapters on, 170
Clyde refugees on, 102–3
communications and, 103, 106, 111, 131–32, 203, 252–53, 256, 259, 273, 275, 278, 280, 281–82
flying fox constructed on, 106, 116
geography and geology of, 300
Hurley’s self-inflicted traverse of, 103–5, 147, 148
safe anchorage in, 103
madeira, 117
Madigan, Cecil “Madi,” 113, 135–38, 149, 248, 254, 263, 281–84, 303
death of, 152, 153, 297
depression of, 271–72
in Eastern Coastal Party, 161, 170–71, 178–82, 208, 283
frostbite of, 147
Jeffryes’s dementia and, 260, 262, 272, 279
in last sledging journey, 282–84
as leader, 161, 170–71
Mawson criticized by, 151–53, 160, 171, 257–58
nickname of, 130, 152
as Rhodes scholar, 151, 204, 257, 271–72, 297
selected for second wintering over, 202–5
on Whetter, 156
in World War I, 297–98
Madigan, David, 151–53, 156, 257–58, 272, 281, 297
Madigan Nunatak, 238
magnetic fields, 59, 131
magnetic poles, 58–59
see also South Magnetic Pole
magnetograph house, 131, 146–47
Main Base, see Cape Denison
maps, mapping, 93, 170, 189, 190, 255
Mars, 59, 184
Marshall, Eric, 44, 54–58, 79–81
Mary, Queen of England, 274
Mary (dog), 211, 212
Mawson, Douglas, 17–45, 202–49, 251–312
AAE diary of, 20–23, 26, 29, 30, 33, 36, 37, 133, 136–37, 144–45, 149–50, 153–58, 210, 212, 214–24, 227–29, 232–35, 240, 241, 245, 247, 249, 254–62, 268–70, 272, 281–84, 287
AAE expedition narrative of, see Home of the Blizzard, The
AAE of, see Australasian Antarctic Expedition
Adelie Blizzard and, 262–67
on Aladdin’s Cave, 178–79
aloofness and reserve of, 17, 85
appearance of, 17, 44, 85, 90, 94, 245, 302
background of, 15, 38–39
in BAE (Shackleton expedition), 15, 43–45, 49–72, 82–86, 93, 109, 111, 171, 263, 289, 307
BAE diary of, 60–65, 67–74
in BANZARE, 301–2
Cape Adare expedition planned by, 88–89, 91
at Cape Denison, 18, 112–13, 116, 124, 125, 128–40, 143–58, 244–49, 252–85
close calls of, 229–36, 305, 311–12
commercial motivation of, 91–92, 180
cooking of, 128, 221, 223, 229, 270
on crevasses, 25
dangerous role assumed by, 33
David’s reconciliation with, 82
Davis’s note from, 171, 188, 202–3
Davis’s quarrel with, 301, 303
death of, 153, 224, 304–5
as Dux Ipse, 151–52, 258, 272
education of, 39–40, 43
endurance and capacity to withstand pain of, 17, 72, 124, 221
engagement of, 17–18, 90–91
fragile psychological state of, 256, 262
frustrations and despair of, 132
fundraising of, 89, 91, 93, 94
get-rich-quick schemes of, 84–85, 87
health problems of, 31, 42, 70, 72, 211, 225–29, 235–38, 243, 248–49, 262, 271, 304
Hillary’s view of, 312
homecoming of, 287–88
on huskies, 21, 30, 210, 212, 257
on icebergs, 109
international tour of, 86–89
irritability of, 152, 154–55, 157–58
Jarvis’s recreation of, 308–12
on Jeffryes, 258–62, 268–70, 276, 277, 293
Jeffryes’s letters to, 268–69, 271, 279, 280, 293
K. Scott’s alleged affair with, 295
last sledging journey of, 282–84
as leader, 17, 39, 78, 82, 124, 160–61, 163, 303–4, 307
lecture tour of, 290
, 297, 298, 299
marriage of, 289–90
mentor of, 39–40, 41, 43
in missing goods retrieval, 124
neglect of, 18, 294, 299–301
in New Hebrides expedition, 41–42
on night watchman, 149–50
Paquita’s correspondence with, 18, 86, 106–7, 150, 299
pessimism of, 137, 139
poetry and, 129, 233
private cubicle of, 125, 155, 158, 163
prophecy about, 39
in relief party, 81–82
religious beliefs of, 232–33
salary of, 40, 43, 87, 90–91
as scientist, 18, 26, 32, 36, 55, 56, 58, 67–68, 71, 83, 91–93, 255, 278, 286, 300–301
Scott compared with, 17, 18, 303, 307
Scott’s meeting with, 87–88
seasickness of, 44, 56
speed expectations of, 26
teaching of, 15, 40–41, 43, 84, 297, 300
team divided by, 18–19
team’s criticism of, 151–53, 171, 257–58
temper of, 22
walking problems of, 227–29
watch of, 228
weakness of, 236–38
Wild compared with, 163, 166, 188
Wild’s letter for, 196
see also Far Eastern Party
Mawson, Francesca Delprat “Paquita,” 17–18, 42, 90–91, 94, 223, 249, 294–98, 304, 307
appearance of, 85
biography by, 305
marriage of, 289–90
Mawson’s correspondence with, 18, 86, 106–7, 150, 299
Mawson’s radio communications with, 253–54
Mawson’s reunion with, 288
pregnancy and childbirth of, 294, 298
Mawson, Robert, 38, 39, 84
Mawson, William, 38, 39
Mawson Centre, 267, 306
Mawson (TV program), 308–12
Mawson of the Antarctic (P. Mawson), 305
Mawson’s Will (Bickel), 300
McGregor, Alasdair, 101
McKinley, Mount, 156
McLean, Archibald “Dad”; “Gee Whiz”; “Crusty,” 127, 129, 130, 203–6, 208, 252–56, 262–71, 277, 279–83
Adelie Blizzard and, 262–68
birthday of, 144
dead penguin in bed of, 142
in Eastern Coastal Party, 179–82
Jeffryes’s dementia and, 261, 262, 269–71, 277, 279
penguin wager of, 280, 281
in search party, 205–6, 240–42
selected for second wintering over, 203–5
in World War I, 298
McMurdo Sound, 47–49, 60–61, 75, 78, 81, 110, 121
BAE denied base in, 45, 47–48, 87
Camp Denison compared with, 138
Medical Journal of Australia, 224–25
medicine, 22, 232, 271
Melbourne, 288–91, 293, 304
Melbourne Cup, 148
memorial cross, 285
mental illness:
in Belgica expedition, 156, 262, 271
of Jeffryes, 260–62, 268–82, 291–94
Mertz, Xavier “X,” 15–17, 19–37, 117, 149, 161, 179, 180, 203, 208–26, 241, 258, 309
AAE application of, 94–95
appearance of, 16–17
on booming sound, 33
bunkmate of, 127
on Christmas, 215–16
clothing of, 210, 216–17, 218, 226
death of, 223–26, 246, 248, 251, 264, 266, 285, 289, 290, 296–97, 302, 305, 307
diary style of, 17, 21
German of, 16, 129
in huskies’ transport, 19, 94, 131
in hut construction, 127
Mawson’s concerns about, 217–20
Mawson’s interest in preserving the diary of, 234, 296–97
Mawson’s letters to father of, 225, 296–97
Mawson’s visit to family of, 290, 296–97
nickname of, 16, 130
on Ninnis’s death, 36–37
pilot role of, 23
radio masts and, 154
singing of, 34
skiing of, 23, 31, 33, 145, 209, 210, 267, 307
skills of, 16
weakening and torpor of, 217–23, 289, 310
Mertz Glacier, 24, 25, 28, 32, 180, 207, 228–29, 236
“Message to the Public” (Scott), 234
messman, 139, 140
meteorites, 184
meteorology, meteorological stations, 50, 139, 196, 254
Midsummer Day, 175, 214–15
Midwinter’s Day, 56, 144, 260
minerals, mining, 39, 43, 92, 180, 265
missionaries, 41, 42
Moyes, Morton, 166, 169, 196–201
as hut caretaker, 193, 194, 196–97
“Where Is Harrisson?” memo of, 197–98
Murchison, Mount, 282–83
Murphy, Herbert Dyce, 128, 132, 149, 170
background of, 143
as raconteur, 143–44
music, 56, 129, 144, 145, 279
mutton, 103, 106, 140
Nansen, Fridtjof, 83, 129, 295
nationalism, Antarctica and, 45, 71, 91, 92, 175, 301
natives, of New Hebrides, 41, 42
Navy, U.S., 198–99
Near Eastern Party, 161, 170, 177
Nebraska, 87, 89
Netherlands, 296
New Georgia Gazette, 263
New Guinea, 84–85, 297
New Hebrides expedition (1903), 41–42
New Year’s, 199, 217
New Zealand, 43, 44, 81, 102, 108, 158, 217, 276, 302, 303
nicknames, coining of, 130
night watchman, 139–40, 149–50, 159–60
Nimrod (ship), 48–49, 57, 74–82, 110, 307
South Magnetic Pole party and, 60, 63, 69, 70, 71, 74–79, 93
Nimrod expedition, see British Antarctic Expedition
Ninnis, Belgrave “Cherub,” 15, 17, 19–37, 161, 179, 203, 258, 306
appearance of, 16
close calls of, 25, 27, 99
death of, 35–37, 208–9, 211, 215, 216, 224, 230, 231, 233, 246, 248, 251, 264, 266, 285, 290, 296, 305, 307, 308, 309
as eloquent diarist, 16
Gray’s esteem for, 98–99, 117
health problems of, 31, 34
huskies’ transport and, 19, 94, 95, 99, 112, 131
Mawson’s visit to family of, 290, 296
nickname of, 16, 130
radio masts and, 154
on separations in AAE, 117–18
snowblindness of, 22
stoicism of, 22, 31
Ninnis Glacier, 28, 30, 32, 180, 213
Nordenskjöld, Otto, 129
Northern Party, 75
North Magnetic Pole, 58–59
North Pole, 156
Northwest Passage, 58, 263
Norway, 301
Norwegian whaling expedition, 40
Oates Land, 108
“Ode to Tobacco” (doggerel), 264
oil, 92
seal and penguin, 102
Operation Highjump, 199
opium tablets, 232
oranges, 186–87, 241
Oxford University, 151, 204, 281, 297
Pacific islands, 39, 41–42
pack ice, 250, 251
Parry, William Edward, 263
Pavlova, Anna, 19, 306
Pavlova (dog), 19, 20–21, 131, 211–12, 213, 215
pemmican, 52, 172, 214, 217, 239, 243, 309
penguins, 105, 115–16, 155, 179, 229, 255, 280, 281
breeding grounds of, 138
dead, 142
eggs of, 191
meat, 65, 66, 71, 74, 76, 77, 130, 140, 165, 181, 204, 205
oil of, 102
petrel, 191
Pharaoh, Mark, 266–67, 306–7
photography, 71
of blizzards, 133–34
darkroom for, 127
gear discarding and, 215, 226
Hurley and,
100–102, 105, 127, 133–34, 137, 146, 302
of Wild, 164
Piastre (horse), 148
piblokto, 95
pilot role, 23
pineapples, 187, 241
planets, magnetic fields of, 59
Plymouth, 86
poetry, 129, 233, 264–66
doggerel, 176–77, 264–65
polar explorers:
Mawson’s taxonomic analysis of, 154
see also specific people and expeditions
ponies, Manchurian, 57, 58, 79
Precambrian era, 43
Priestley, Raymond, 44
Princess Elizabeth Land, 308, 309–10
puffometer, 152
Quaife, W. T., 41
Queen Mary Land, 273–74
Queensland, 291, 292
radio, radio masts:
in Antarctica, 131–32, 133, 147–48, 153–54, 203, 205, 252–56, 258–62, 266, 270, 273–78, 280, 281–82, 301–2
atmospheric disturbances and, 256, 259
in Macquarie Island, 97, 103, 106, 252–53, 256, 259, 273, 278, 280, 281–82
Radium Extraction Company, 84–85
raisins, 217, 238
rations, AAE, 19, 23, 32, 35, 172–73
dogs as, 37, 210, 214
Far Eastern party return and, 206, 210, 214, 217, 224, 235, 309
loss of, 37
most precious, 141
planning of, 29–30
of Western Party, 185, 186
rats, 104
reading, 31, 196, 199, 256, 260, 281
out loud, 129
refugees:
Clyde, 102–3
Elephant Island, 118, 302
reindeer fur, 20
religion, Mawson’s beliefs and, 232–33
Rhodes scholars, 151, 204, 257, 271–72, 297
Riffenburgh, Beau, 99–100, 158, 160, 163, 225, 257, 300–301, 305
Rooty Hill, 39
rope, 209, 215, 311
rope, alpine, 35, 36, 195, 199
BAE and, 50, 67, 68
Mawson’s return and, 235, 236, 241
rope, harness, 231, 232, 233
Ross, James Clark, 58, 59, 83
Ross Ice Shelf, 48, 121, 122, 123
Ross Island, 49, 61, 108
Hut Point on, 45, 46
Ross Sea, 19, 45, 48, 59, 64, 65, 88, 111
Endurance expedition and, 274, 289
Nimrod in, 75
round-house box, 140
Royal Fusiliers, 296
Royal Geographical Society (RGS), 47, 87, 274, 290, 295, 296
Royal Navy, British, 41, 47
Rubáiyát (Khayyám), 233
rubber plantation, 84–85
Russian geologists, 184
safety lines, 36, 311
St. George’s Hospital, 127
Sandell, Charles, 280
Santo Island, 41
sastrugi, 21, 30, 64, 178, 238, 282, 283
in Erebus, 51, 52
Sawyer, Arthur, 148, 259
science, 18, 26, 36, 162, 200, 255, 278, 286, 300–301
BAE and, 50, 55, 56, 67–68, 83
as Mawson motivation, 91, 92–93
Shackleton’s lack of interest in, 50, 59, 92
Scott, Kathleen, 294–95