The Nixon Defense: What He Knew and When He Knew It
Page 101
“Statements About the Watergate Investigations” white paper and, 581
Strachan and, 399, 403, 443
in talks with prosecutors, 363, 402, 430, 444, 481, 692n28
Vesco and, 500
Washington Post stories on, 475, 476, 479, 515, 705n141
as Watergate scapegoat, 435, 465, 466, 469, 701n84
in witness protection program, 613
Ziegler and, 445, 450, 452, 454–55, 457–58, 465, 475
Dean, John W., testimony of, 56, 241, 296, 355, 414, 431, 444, 447, 595n, 583, 596–98, 599–603, 602n, 606, 608–13, 615–24, 626, 630, 632, 685n4, 696n13, 698n34, 699n63, 709n45, 715n56
attempts to prevent, 709n45
discussions about, prior to, 346, 351, 369, 371–73, 381, 384, 399, 403, 475, 487, 488, 507, 519, 530, 550
possible effect on other defendants, 399–400, 403
Dean, Maureen “Mo,” 181
John’s marriage to, 168, 170, 256
death penalty, 79, 671n20
De Carlo, Angelo, 621
Decker, Terry, 63, 71
Deep Throat, see Felt, Mark
Dellinger, David, 695n3
DeLoach, Deke, 208, 681n17
DeMarco, Frank, 566
Democratic National Committee (DNC), 12, 49, 80, 86, 128, 153, 671n20
break-in at headquarters of, see Watergate break-in
civil suit against CRP, 36, 48, 65, 119, 121, 124, 142, 144, 147, 152, 160, 369–70, 676n25
new eavesdropping bug found at, 153, 154
Democratic National Convention, 102
Chicago Seven and, 695n3
Des Moines Register and Tribune, 252
Detroit News, 195
Diem, Ngo Dinh, 28, 101, 500, 530, 531–32
Dirksen, Everett, 609
Dixon, Jeane, 159, 564
Dole, Robert, 18
Douglas, William O., 129, 129n, 130, 136n, 215, 244, 245
Drew, Elizabeth, 235
Eagleton, Thomas, 102–3, 570
Eastland, James, 254, 256–58, 263, 264, 274, 284
Ehrlichman, John, 33–38, 60–62, 68–70, 99–104, 105–12, 128–30, 135–38, 156–58, 181–84, 188–93, 212–13, 223–28, 231–36, 247–50, 260–62, 281–86, 297–306, 326–34, 336–42, 347–49, 353–55, 359–64, 366–426, 430–36, 438–39, 441–54, 456–61, 464, 466–74, 479–84, 488–514, 517–19, 523–26, 528–38, 546–48, 551–53, 558–62, 570–75, 577–78, 592–94, 598–601, 622, 632–34, 661n1, 665n36, 666n4, 669n5, 670n11, 672n1, 673n3, 675n12, 677n32, 680n10, 683n10, 687n41, 688n6, 692n4, 693n33, 694nn49, 51, 696nn13, 15, 697n27
on aftermath, 397
on blacks, 136
Bledsoe and, 662–664n15
Butterfield on, xxiv–xxv
Caulfield and, 3
Chapin and, 171–72, 202
CIA and, 4, 584
Colson and, 4, 8, 203, 428, 587
criminal law and, 690n12
Dean and, 8–9, 35n, 198, 279, 288, 295, 349, 361, 368, 388, 389, 409, 412, 414–15, 430, 434, 448, 456, 466, 468, 479, 515, 522, 546, 556, 587, 601, 615, 684n15
Dean and, and material in Hunt’s safe, 223, 412, 415, 425–26, 428, 474, 513–15
Dean report and, 281, 285–86, 300, 301, 431–32, 468, 567
Dean’s indictable list and, 399–400, 403, 696n13
in Dean’s March 21 conversation with Nixon on Watergate facts, 308, 309, 315, 318–19, 321, 323–26
Dean’s statement and, 465
Dean’s testimony and, 373, 399, 620
discrediting of Dean and, 709n45
DNC lawsuit and, 370
Donald Nixon Jr. and, 302n
Ellsberg break-in and, 4, 91, 293n, 294, 325, 329n, 336, 338–39, 350, 350n, 391, 464, 491, 512n, 526, 527, 530, 531, 546, 549, 566–67, 607, 668n9, 673n11, 689n30, 706n165
Ellsberg trial and, 129–30, 136
executive branch reorganization and, 180–82
FBI and, 329n, 543–44, 582
Felt and, 173–74, 679n32
Garment and, 601, 603
Gray and, 35n, 220–22, 274, 298, 684n15
Haldeman and, 2, 31, 171, 250, 384, 488, 670–71n15
hang-out route and, 270
Hickel and, 157
Hunt and, 3, 4, 27, 202, 222–23, 281, 293, 329n, 697n27
Hunt’s blackmail attempt involving, 296–97, 300, 308, 318–19, 325, 419, 467, 468, 470–71, 476–77, 479, 688n27, 690n12, 697n24, 705n152
and Hunt’s recruiting of college student, 205–6
indictment and conviction of, 33n, 224n, 329n, 552n
investigation on allegations suggested by, 178
Kalmbach and, 406, 449, 697n18, 700n67
Kissinger and, 586
Kleindienst and, 120, 125, 242, 229
Krogh and, 329n, 338
lack of candor from, 80, 152, 193, 286
Larry O’Brien and, 130–31, 133, 137
Liddy and, 281, 293, 712n64
and list of people involved in activities unfavorable to Nixon’s presidency, 494–95
Magruder and, 105–12, 115, 126, 133–34, 607
on Meet the Press, 204
Mitchell and, 18, 19, 28, 116, 121–22, 198, 294, 394, 401–2, 463, 489, 587, 622, 668n9, 689n27, 695n5
Mollenhoff and, 254n
and money for Watergate defendants, 216, 398, 402, 466, 467, 470–72, 474, 482–83, 697n27, 704n138
and news of Watergate break-in arrests, 2–4, 6–11, 13, 662nn5, 9
and Nixon impeachment as possibility, 490
Nixon Foundation and, 554–55, 606–7
and Nixon’s claims of ignorance, 398
Nixon tapes and, 474n
obstruction of justice and, 406, 411, 421, 449, 464, 482, 522, 593, 701n89
Paul O’Brien’s meeting with, 362n
Pentagon Papers trial and, 215
perjury of, 552n
Petersen and, 182, 514–15
recorded conversations of, 366, 400, 401, 403, 695n6, 696n12
resignation of, 535–38, 540, 543, 549, 605, 702n104
resignation or leave of absence discussed, 388, 413–15, 417–19, 421, 426, 432, 474, 483–88, 495, 517–19, 425, 526–28, 530, 534–35
Schorr story and, 174
Segretti and, 164, 176n, 181, 190
Senate Watergate committee and, 214, 215, 217, 218, 227
Stans and, 134–35
“Statements About the Watergate Investigations” white paper and, 578–80
and telephone in plumbers’ office, 191n
transcripts of Nixon’s conversations with, xxi
trial of, 546n
Washington Post and, 610
Watergate break-in theory of, 282–84
Watergate investigation conducted by, 362, 409, 418, 453, 457
Watergate trial and, 205
Ziegler and, 372
Eisenhower, David, 63, 623, 683n9
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 129, 211, 341, 483, 530
Adams and, 298, 340–41, 399
Nixon’s Checkers speech and, 413n
Eisenhower, Julie Nixon, 8, 63, 357–58, 547, 623, 683n9
Eisenhower, Mamie, 143
Ellsberg, Daniel, 73, 100, 129–30, 136, 171, 215, 435, 445, 461, 496, 497, 499, 501, 504, 510, 516, 533, 542, 559, 562, 564, 621, 700n81
break-in at office of psychiatrist of, 4, 33–34, 91, 102, 188, 222n, 224, 293–94, 310, 319, 325, 333, 336, 338–39, 350, 350n, 391, 457, 458, 461–62, 464, 466, 491, 496–99, 501, 503, 510, 512n, 516, 517, 526, 527, 530, 531, 544–49, 557–58, 566–67, 569, 577–78, 581, 591, 601, 668n9, 673n11, 680n10, 688n27, 689n30, 691n18, 697n24, 703n117, 706n165, 707–8n24, 712n64
in Dean’s March 21 conversation with Nixon on Watergate facts, 319
Erickson, William H., 565
Ervin, Sam J., 203, 205n, 208, 231n, 253, 256, 258, 266, 287, 295, 367–68, 370, 371, 379–80, 441, 553, 570, 607, 613, 619, 625, 627, 683n7, 706n160
on Face the Nation, 296, 299
Senate Watergat
e committee of, see Senate Watergate committee
Evans, Rowland, 609, 683n9
Executive Office Building (EOB), 4
executive privilege, 213, 215, 219, 232, 233, 235, 236, 242, 250–54, 263, 275, 288, 298, 305, 334, 359, 366, 368, 379, 429, 435, 440, 441, 447, 458
Face the Nation, 296, 299
fact, 121n
Farenthold, Sissy, 677n32
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), xx, 2, 4–6, 19, 34–35, 35n, 36, 41, 42, 46, 49–51, 53–55, 61, 62, 65, 66, 79, 80, 82, 88, 93, 93n, 95, 99, 100, 102–3, 109, 111, 115, 117, 119, 123, 125, 134, 145, 146, 148, 149, 151–54, 160, 162, 166n, 167, 175, 182, 188, 192, 204, 208, 214, 217, 219, 222–24, 225n, 226, 239, 246, 248–523, 258–60, 260n, 263, 264, 272–74, 277, 306, 332, 333, 339–41, 368, 416, 430n, 445, 450, 457, 459, 466, 503, 513–15, 517, 529, 533, 546, 559, 560, 565, 568, 574, 582, 601, 662–64n15, 668n3, 672–73n2, 675n12, 678n19, 681n17, 685nn10, 18
CIA and, 54, 95, 101, 542, 713nn77, 80
Colson and, 88
Dean and, 543
in Dean’s March 21 conversation with Nixon on Watergate facts, 315, 316
Dorothy Hunt and, 192
Ehrlichman and, 329n, 543–44, 582
Felt and, 172–74, 192
Gray’s nomination as and confirmation hearings as permanent director of, 35n, 216–17, 220–22, 225–27, 240, 242, 248, 250, 256, 257, 259, 261–64, 271–72, 274, 276, 298, 299, 306, 308, 333, 347, 438, 454, 684n15
Haldeman and, 543–44, 547, 582
Hiss and, 248–49
Hunt and, 5, 97, 662n5
Johnson’s use of, 242
leaks and, 172–73, 686n26
Liddy and, 75–76, 85, 90, 103, 124, 309, 701n81
Magruder and, 101, 103, 115
Mitchell and, 103
Petersen and, 464
Ruckelshaus appointed acting director of, 516, 519, 521–22
Segretti and, 163–66, 169
“smoking gun” conversation and, xxi, 56–60, 56n
Stans and, 103
using for political purposes, 290
White House papers guarded by, 543–44, 547
Feldstein, Mark, 664n34
Felt, Mark, 53–54, 57, 80, 117, 126, 164, 165n, 167, 172–75, 192, 209, 242, 243, 250, 515, 516, 521–22, 559, 662n15, 674n20, 678n19, 679nn29, 32, 686n26
Gray and, 225–26
Fielding, Fred, 269, 425n, 494, 596, 601
Fielding, Lewis (Ellsberg’s psychiatrist), break-in at office of, 4, 9, 33–34, 91, 102, 188, 222n, 224, 293–94, 310, 319, 325, 333, 336, 338–39, 350, 350n, 391, 457, 458, 461–62, 464, 466, 491, 496–99, 501, 503, 510, 512n, 516, 517, 526, 527, 530, 531, 544–49, 557–58, 566–67, 569, 577–78, 581, 591, 601, 607, 668n, 673n11, 680n10, 688n27, 689n30, 691n18, 697n24, 703n117, 706n165, 707–8n24, 712n64
Fifth Amendment, 101, 106, 113, 134, 204, 208, 213, 236, 341, 346, 349n, 358–59, 381, 384, 440, 484, 517, 530, 602
Final Days, The (Woodward and Bernstein), 718n5
Finch, Bob, 547
Firestone, Leonard, 555
Five Percenters, 106, 352
Flanagan, Peter, 258
Ford, Gerald, 158n, 160n, 579
Frankel, Max, 672n26
Frates, William, 450, 546n, 704n127
Froines, John, 695n3
Gallup polls, 97, 609, 634, 697n19
Garment, Len, 367–68, 370, 422, 426, 429–30, 449–50, 484, 525, 529–30, 537, 543–44, 547, 548, 552, 562, 565, 577, 581, 582, 597n, 601, 610, 616, 629, 631, 703–4n120, 704n134, 705n141
Gemstone, 464
General Accounting Office (GAO), 132, 142, 144–46
Gergen, David, 422–23, 519, 521, 610–11
Gerstein, Richard, 148
Gesell, Gerhard, 350n
Gilpatric, Roswell, 679n29
Ginzburg, Ralph, 121n
Gladstone, William Ewart, 485
Glanzer, Seymour “Sy,” 41, 212n, 363, 405, 431n, 446, 447, 449, 466, 472, 473, 486, 492, 519, 608, 668n11
Gleason, Penny, 258
Goldberg, Arthur, 563
Goldfine, Bernard, 340n
Goldwater, Barry, 121n, 263, 362, 628
Gonzales, Virgilio R., 7, 669n3
grand jury indictment of, 153
guilty plea of, 208
Goodpaster, Andrew, 547
Gorey, Hays, 580–81
Graham, Billy, 8, 78
Graham, Katherine, 25, 160, 489
Gray, Ed, 35n
Gray, L. Patrick “Pat,” 34, 35, 35n, 42, 53–57, 62, 63, 80, 81, 99–102, 115–17, 126, 127, 154, 172–74, 182, 188, 192, 214, 223, 224, 238, 248–54, 256–61, 273–75, 278, 337, 347, 425–26, 446, 517, 521, 558, 560, 561, 598, 600, 605, 672–73n2, 683n9, 685nn10, 18, 708n24
Dean and, 221, 222, 253, 257, 260n, 271–72, 274, 276, 298, 299, 306, 324, 333, 340, 341, 355, 438, 457, 500, 684n15
in Dean’s March 21 conversation with Nixon on Watergate facts, 308, 324
and destruction of documents from Hunt’s safe, 415, 416, 425–26, 428, 474, 484, 513–14
Ehrlichman and, 35n, 220–22, 274, 298, 684n15
Felt and, 225–26
Mitchell and, 54, 222, 225, 278
nomination and confirmation hearings as permanent FBI director, 35n, 216–17, 220–22, 225–27, 240, 242, 248, 250, 256, 257, 259, 261–64, 271–72, 274, 276, 298, 299, 306, 308, 333, 347, 438, 454, 684n15
resignation of, 514–16
Greece, 255, 261, 686n20
Greenspun, Hank, 386, 391, 694n63
Gregory, Thomas, 205n
Gurney, Edward, 231n, 259, 576, 604, 612–13, 683n7
Haig, Al, 8, 195, 216, 547–54, 557–59, 561–63, 565, 566, 568, 570–73, 576–80, 582, 585–87, 590–94, 596, 597, 598, 599, 601, 603, 604, 606, 609–15, 617, 621–22, 624–30, 632, 708n28, 709n45, 709n54
Nixon tapes and, 630–33
Haldeman, Bob, 6–10, 25–31, 60–63, 67–95, 100–101, 103–6, 110–35, 149–50, 152–58, 159–62, 171–74, 180–93, 198–206, 224–25, 228–31, 233–35, 238–40, 246–48, 254–56, 266–68, 279–82, 288–94, 302–6, 326–31, 336–41, 344–69, 371–73, 381–87, 388–90, 392–96, 398–408, 413–17, 420–28, 430–33, 435–36, 438–39, 441–55, 458–64, 473–85, 489–95, 500–513, 515–19, 523–29, 533–35, 546–48, 551–53, 558–65, 568–80, 586–88, 590–94, 598–600, 605–8, 632–34, 666nn43, 1, 5, 673nn11, 3, 689nn4, 5, 692nn4, 8
bagman and, 285
in Bahamas, 1–2
Bledsoe and, 662n15
Buchanan and, 144
Buzhardt and, 603
CBS News and, 177
Chapin and, 169–70, 172, 184
“Chapman’s friend” and, 23
CIA and, 584, 662n15
Colson and, 7, 11, 168, 198–99, 202, 219, 383, 681n5
conviction of, 709n54
cover-up scenario and, 33–45
Dean and, 53–55, 196–97, 201, 209, 230, 255–56, 297, 308, 368, 388, 389, 412, 414, 427, 448, 456, 469, 475, 515, 522, 556, 597n, 615, 674n21, 675n12, 676n25, 690n15, 703n111
Dean’s indictable list and, 399–400, 403
on Dean’s involvement in cover-up, 397
in Dean’s March 21 conversation with Nixon, 309, 311–13, 315, 317, 321, 324–26
Dean’s March 21 conversation with Nixon discussed by Nixon and, 497–99, 505–6, 508, 510–12, 518, 541, 542n, 555–56
Dean’s memorandum and, 676–77n32
Dean’s report and, 183–85, 189, 279–80, 300, 342, 355, 422
Dean’s statement and, 465
Dean’s testimony and, 399, 403, 620
DeLoach and, 681n17
diary of, 2, 6, 19–22, 65, 76, 138, 176–77, 204, 209, 216, 359, 362, 458, 661n1, 662n3, 672n21, 680n10, 683nn9, 10, 692n4, 692n28, 693nn29, 33, 695n11, 700n78
discussions of destruction of Dean, 492–93, 518, 576
discussion of potential testimony for, 369
Dorothy Hunt and, 185–86
Ehrlichman and, 2, 31, 171, 2
50, 384, 488, 670–71n15
Ervin hearings as viewed by, 555
executive branch reorganization and, 180–82
FBI and, 543–44, 547, 582
Felt and, 172–74, 679n29
and first Watergate-related press conference, 47–52
grand jury indictments and, 150–51
Gray and, 273, 276
Hunt and, 3, 97
indictment and conviction of, 542n
ITT scandal, 12, 13
Kissinger and, 586
Kleindienst and, 242
lack of candor from, 193, 286
and list of people involved in activities unfavorable to Nixon’s presidency, 494–95
MacGregor’s interview and, 142–43
Magruder and, 108, 111–12, 114–17, 119–20, 126, 127, 132–33, 140, 141, 198–200, 232, 238, 280, 282, 292, 382, 390, 400, 463, 607, 608
Magruder’s claims of knowledge of Watergate operation by, 356–57
Martha Mitchell and, 65, 67, 71, 73–74
McCord and, 360
Mitchell and, 31, 106, 198, 201–2, 622, 695n5
and money for Watergate defendants, 317, 329, 336, 337, 353, 369, 398, 402, 412, 453, 455, 463, 467, 470, 473, 476, 697n27, 709n54
Mudd comparison and, 473, 701n90
and news of Watergate break-in, 6–7, 10–11
Nixon Foundation and, 554–55, 606–7
on Nixon’s taking initiative in dealing with Watergate, 347–48
and Nixon’s threats to resign, 460n
Nixon tapes and, 365–66, 454, 474n, 497–99, 505–6, 508, 510–12, 518, 541, 620, 626, 629, 698n28, 707n6
notes of, 365, 667n7, 683n10
obstruction of justice and, 406, 421, 449
resignation of, 535–38, 540, 543, 549, 575, 702n104
and press conference of March 15, 276
resignation or leave of absence discussed, 379–82, 388, 405, 413–15, 417–19, 421, 426, 472, 474, 483–88, 517–19, 524, 526–28, 530, 534–35, 697n19
Segretti and, 163–66, 169, 170, 181, 197, 375, 376, 680n10
Senate Watergate committee and, 214–15, 217, 218, 576
“smoking gun” conversation with Nixon, xxi, 43, 55–60
“Statements About the Watergate Investigations” white paper and, 578–80
Strachan and, 378, 463, 610, 665n41, 699n63
taped conversation with Nixon with 18½-minute gap, xxiv, 19–22, 27
testimony of, 542n, 696n13, 709n54
transcripts of Nixon’s conversations with, xxi
Washington Post and, 175–76, 475, 476, 610
Watergate trial and, 204–5
Ziegler and, 167, 375, 376
Haldeman, Peter, 408n
Halpern, Morton, 461