Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World
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Artusi, Pellegrino. The Art of Eating Well. Translated by Kyle M. Phillips III. New York: Random House, 1996.
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Acknowledgments
This book owes a great debt to many people throughout the Atlantic region, but especially: José Juan Castillo in San Sebastián, Hallfredur Örn Eiriksson at the Árni Magnússon Institute in Reykjavik, Lillian Gonzalez in New York, Einar Gustavsson at the Scandinavian Tourist Board in New York, Jørgen Leth in Port-au-Prince, Louis Menashe in New York, David S. Miller in Copenhagen, Rosita Marrero in San Juan, Gillian Parsons at the University of Lancaster, Christine Toomey in London, John Walton at the University of Lancaster, arid Monique Zerdoun in Paris. Special thanks to Lisa Klausner.
I am greatly indebted to Denise Martin and Linda Perney for so generously giving their time and considerable skills and for much valued advice. I also want to thank Charlotte Sheedy for all her support and guidance. This book owes much to my incredibly good fortune in finding the right editor and publisher. Deep-felt thanks to Nancy Miller for her friendship, faith, enthusiasm, and skillful work and to George Gibson, who is the kind of publisher of which most writers only dream.
Index
Acts of Trade and Navigation
Adams, John
Adams, John Quincy
Alaska
American Revolution
Anglo-Danish Convention of 1901
Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida)
Aresti, Gabriel
Arnold’s Cove, Newfoundland
Asia, search for route to
Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
Auden, W. H.
Bacalao companies
Bait/baitfish
Banks
dangers of
ownership of
Bardot, Brigitte
Barents Sea
Basques
cod recipes
fish tongue, recipes
transition to importing
Belgium
Beothuk tribe
Bilbao, Spain
Birdseye, Clarence
Blackback fishery
Blackburn, Howard
Bluefin tuna
Bones (cod), recipes
Bonino, Emma
Boston
Boston Tea Party
Bottom draggers/dragging
Brandade
Bretons
Bristol merchants
British
see England
British Admiralty
British cod
British Crown
British Empire
British fishermen
and Common Fishing Policy
in New England
xenophobia of
British fishing fleet
in Iceland
reduction of
British West Indies
Burbot
Butler, James Davie
By-catch
Cabot, John
Canada
Department of Fisheries and Oceans fishing policy
‘ moratorium
and New England fishermen
Newfoundland and Labrador, province of
regulation of fishing fleet
right to Northeast Peak
seal hunt
and Spanish fishermen
and territorial limits
Canadian Coast Guard
Cape Cod
Cape Shark
see also Dogfish
Capelin
Caribbean market
Caribbean trade
Cartier, Jacques
Catches
dwindling
engine power and
ground fish
Iceland
Pacific cod
percent discarded
size of
see also Cod catches
Catholicism
Chafe, Bernard
Cheeks (cod), recipes
Cherry bottom
Chowder recipes
Climate
Cod (Gadus morhua)
aberrations in
characteristics of
disappearance of
eggs/young
as fetish
in fish-and-chips
kinds of
migration
New England
in New England economy
parts eaten
size of
sources of
tagging
words for/associated with
see also Arctic cod; Atlantic cod; Northern stock; Pacific cod; and under specific terms, e.g., Sounds (cod)
Cod catches
Canada
> limits on
Cod farming
Cod fisheries
and abolition
closed
Cod fisheries (cont’d)
fortunes made in
freezing and
Cod fishing
and American Revolution
changes in
New England
Cod grounds
Iceland
Cod-liver oil
Cod markets
Cod prices
Cod stocks
British waters
capacity to reproduce
depletion of
Georges Bank
hope for return of
Icelandic
inshore
migration and
resilience of nature and
restoring
Cod trade
New England
and slavery
West Indies
Cod Wars
Codfish aristocracy
Codfish balls (recipes)
Codpiece
Collins, John
Columbus, Christopher
Commission of Government (Newfoundland)
Common Fishing Policy
Conservation
Conservation policy
Continental shelf(ves), ownership of
Convenant, René
Convention of 1818,
Côrte Real, Gaspar
Crabbing
Croft, Thomas
Crosbie, John
Cured cod
quality of
Curing
Darwin, Charles
Declaration of Independence
Denmark
and Cod Wars
Iceland’s independence from
word for cod
di Soncino, Raimondo
Diesel power
Dogfish
see also Cape Shark; Overfishing
Dorymen
Dragging nets
Dried cod
Dried fish
Easting and westing
Eguino, Adolfo
Eirik the Red
Engine power
England
and American Revolution
lack of salt
North American colonies
and territorial limits
Environmentalists
European Economic Community
European Union
Europeans
exploring New World
fishing northern Banks
Euskadi
Eysteinsson, Úlfar
Factory ships
Farming
Filleting machinery/plants
Fish, getting to market
Fish-and-chips
Fish consumption
Fish farming
Fish fillets
Fish prices
Fish-processing plants
Fish sticks
Fish stocks
depletion of
monitoring
North Atlantic
see also Cod stocks
Fishermen
dangers to
effect of fishing policy on
esprit de corps
as fish-plant workers
former
Iceland
inshore
Petty Harbour
reduction in number of
skills of
status in fishing cod
techniques used by
Fishermen’s Wives of Gloucester
Fishery management
Fishery management councils
Fishery Products International (FPI)
Fishing
capital investment
changes in
combined with farming
economies based on
government subsidization of
modernized
New England
Newfoundland
see also Cod fishing
Fishing grounds
and 200-mile zone
Fishing industry
British
government support for
Fishing Industry (cont’d) Japan
Fishing policy forcing fishermen out
Fishing rights
Fishing rooms
Fishing zones
Fishy Moore’s (co.)
Flemish Cap
Fog
Food fishery
France
and Cod Wars
and fishing rights
and modernization of fishing
salt tax
and territorial limits
Franklin, Benjamin
Freezing (fish)
French and Indian War
French colonies
French fishing fleet
French Revolution
Fresh cod
recipes
Frozen cod
Frozen food
Gadiformes
cured, dried
Gaspé cure
Gaspé Peninsula
Gati, Peter
General Foods
General Seafoods Company
Genetic diversity
Georges Bank
cod stock
oil found on
ships fishing
ships lost
U.S./Canada border
Germany
Ghent treaty
Gillnetters/gillnetting
Gloucester
Eastern Point
economic crisis
fear of Canadian competition
Gloucester fishermen
Gloucester fleet
Gorton’s (co.)
Gosnold, Bartholomew
Government subsidization of fishing
Grand Bank
Grand Banks
closed
dorymen on
fishing rights
fishing ships
international section of
New England fishermen barred from
oil found on
requiem for
Great Britain
market for groundfish in
see also England
Green cod
Green fish
Greenland
Greenpeace
Grimsby
Grindavik, Iceland
Groundfish
catches
diminishing
distinctions between
frozen
market for
Groundfishing
regulation of
Groundfishing fleet (Canada)
Guadeloupe
Gulf of St. Lawrence
Habardine
Haddock
catches
market for
Hake
Hancock, John
Handlining
Hanseatic League
Harry Ramsden’s (co.)
Heads (cod), recipes
Herring
Hooper, William
Hull (port)
Huxley, Thomas Henry
Iceland
cod stock
combining fishing and farming in
compared with Newfoundland
diet
entrepreneurial class in
fisheries in economy of
independence
rights to cod in
salt cod exported from
see also Cod Wars
Icelandic Coast Guard
Icelandic cod
Icelandic shelf, catches
Industrialization
International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries
International Council for Exploration of the Seas (ICES)
International Court of Justice
International Fisheries Exhibition (London)
International law of the sea
Ireland
Irish box
Irish Sea
Italy recipes
Japan
Jefferson, Thomas
Jewell, David
Jigging
Johnson, Alfred
Joncas. Z.
Jónsson, Jón
Juveniles
Kirby, Michael
Krill
La Rochelle, France
Labrador
Landings
Latin America
Latitude
Laxness, Halldór
Lee, Sam
Leifur (Leif Eiriksson)
Ling
Lobsters/lobstering
Longitude
Longlines
Longlining
Lumpfish
Lunenburg fishery
Lutefisk
Mackerel
Madison, James
Magnuson Fisheries Conservation and Management Act of
Maine
Marine ecology
Marine Research Institute (Iceland)
Martin, Cabot,
Martinez, Juan
Massachusetts
cod fishery
in slave trade
see also Cape Cod; Gloucester; Salem
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Mayo, Ralph
Mediterranean markets
Mesh size
Mifflin, Fred
Miquelon
Molasses Act of
Moratorium
Morison, Samuel Eliot
National Marine Fisheries Service
National Sea Products
Nationalism
NATO
Nature
indomitable force of
resilience of
Naumkeag
Navigation
Net trawling
Netherlands
Netting
New England
and American Revolution
climate
cod exports
cod in economy of
domestic market
fishing
fishing seasons
new technology in
trade
New England coast
charting
New England fisheries
New England fishermen
and American Revolution
barred from Grand Banks
fear of Canadian competition
fishing rights
New England Fishery Commission
New England Fishery Management Council
New Englanders
New France
New World
Newfoundland
compared with Iceland
cod fishing
cod stocks
cod trade
crabbing
diet in
economy of
fishing in
French in
inshore fishing
law regulating mesh size
and oil companies
Portuguese in
salt cod