India
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Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) 604
Baji Rao I, Maratha peshwa, 367, 368
Baji Rao II, Maratha peshwa, 408–9, 412–3
Bakhtiyar, Muhammad – see Muhammad BAKSAL, Bangladeshi party, 565
Baksar (Buxar), battle of (1764), 391–2, 404, 437
Balaji Baji Rao, Maratha peshwa, 403, 404
Balaji Vishvanath, Maratha peshwa, 363–4, 366, 367
Balban, Ghiyas-ud-Din, Delhi sultan, 242, 248–9
Balfour, Arthur, British prime minister, 462
‘Balhara’, The, Muslim rendering of Vallabha, a title of the Rashtrakuta kings (q.v.)
Bali, Indonesia, 172, 277
Balkh, Afghanistan, 206
Ballala II, 13th c Hoysala king, 252
Ballala III, 14th c Hoysala king, 258
Baluchistan, 118, 181, 518, 543, 567, 592
Bamiyan, Afghanistan, 114
Bana, biographer of Harsha, 161–4, 167
Banda Bahadur, 18th c Sikh leader, 361, 364
Bandung Conference (1955), 533
Banerji, R.D., archaeologist, 9
Bangalore, Karnataka, 400
Bangladesh, 7, 193, 330, 465, 508, 511, 528, 553–60, 561, 564–5, 582, 587, 589–90
Bangladesh National Party (BNP), 590
Barani, Ziau-ud-Din, 14th c Muslim chronicler, 249, 257, 258–9, 260, 263–5, 266–7, 268, 271
Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 137
Baroda, Gujarat, 368
Bartuh, 13th c Hindu leader, 242
Basham, A.L., historian, 151
‘Basic Democracy’ (Pakistan), 545–6, 554
Bassein, Maharashtra, 306, 348, 405, 408
Bayana, near Agra, 294, 295
Bayly, Christopher, historian, 453–4
Bayram Khan, Akbar’s guardian, 310, 311
Baz Bahadur, 16th c sultan of Malwa, 311–2, 313
Beas River, 73, 423
Belur, Karnataka, 251
Benares see Varanasi
Bengal xxiv, 43, 50, 65, 137, 140, 143, 165, 176, 192–4, 220, 239, 243–5, 248, 263, 270, 275, 287–8, 300, 318, 341, 362, 371, 375–6, 381–2, 385, 386–93, 448–9, 456, 463–6, 491–2, 499, 504, 505, 506, 508–9, 517–8, 528 see also Bangladesh
Bentinck, Lord William, British governor-general, 417, 429–31
Berar, Maharashtra, 348, 354
Bernier, François, 17th c French traveller, 321–2, 326–7, 336
Besant, Annie, freedom fighter, 473–4
Betwa River, xxv, 90
Bhadralok, the Bengali Hindu intelligentsia, 473, 504
Bhagavad Gita, ethical and devotional Sanskrit text, 42, 148
Bhagwant Das, Kacchwaha rajput, 313
Bhaja, cave site in Maharashtra, 125
Bhakti, Hindu devotional movement, 148, 194, 219–10, 287–8, 316
Bhandarkar, D.R., archaeologist, 7–8
Bharat, Bharatas, Vedic lineage whence alternative for ‘India’ derives, 35, 56, 61
Bharata-varsha (‘Kingdom of the Bharatas’) see Bharat
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) (‘Indian People’s Party), 454, 576, 589, 597–601, 604
Bharatpur, Rajasthan, 416
Bharhut Stupa, 68, 102
Bhasa, Sanskrit playwright, 103
Bhashani Maulana, Bangladeshi politician, 555
Bhaskara-varman, 7th c ruler of Assam, 163
Bhatia, Panjab, 207
Bhatvadi, battle of (1624), 331
Bhilsa, Madhya Pradesh, 254
Bhima, hero, 39, 42
Bhimpal, Pratihara rajput, 208
Bhindranwale, Sant Jarnail Singh, Sikh activist, 578–9
Bhoj of Dhar, 11th c ‘philosopher king’ 226–30
Bhoja of Kanauj, 9th c Pratihara king, 199, 202
Bhonsles of Nagpur, Maratha family, 368, 387–8, 402, 410
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 426, 583–5
Bhutan, 244
Bhutto, Benazir, Pakistan prime minister, 569, 592, 594, 595, 596, 600
Bhutto, Shahnawaz, 512
Bhutto, Zulfiqar Ali, prime minister of Pakistan, 544, 546–8, 549, 553–60, 562–3, 565–9, 593
Bhuvaneshwar, Orissa, 213, 220
Bidar, Karnataka, 283, 284, 302
Bihar, 40, 41, 43, 49, 61–70, 134, 193, 239, 243–4, 263, 296, 391–2, 449, 465, 471, 550, 587
Bihari refugees, 508–9, 558
Bijapur, Karnataka, 216, 302–3, 307, 331, 332, 337–9, 351, 355
Bimbisara, king of Magada, 65, 66, 67–8
Bin Laden, Usama, 595
Bindusara, Maurya emperor, 80, 89, 90, 91
Birla family, industrialists, 531
‘Black Hole of Calcutta’, 389–90
Boigne, Count Benoît de, general, 408
Bombay (Mumbai), 126, 348, 370–1, 372, 381, 393, 405, 456, 461, 586, 594, 599
Borobudur, Java, 177–8
Bose, Rashbehari, nationalist revolutionary, 468
Bose, Subash Chandra, Congress radical & ‘Azad Hind’ leader, 493, 494–5, 504, 518
Brahma, deity, 33
Brahmadeya, land or revenue grant made to brahmans, 159, 219
Brahmanabad, Sind, 185, 186
Brahmanas, Sanskrit texts dealing with sacrificial ritual, 2, 26, 30, 40, 43
Brahamans, members of the priestly/scholarly caste, 28, 31, 32, 38, 47, 52–4, 86, 97, 99, 105, 120, 124, 146–7, 148–9, 152, 159–60, 166, 219, 344, 364, 454
Brahmaputra River, 341
Brahmo Samaj, Hindu reformist movement, 457
Braudel, F., historian xxiv
Brhadratha, last Maurya emperor, 104
Briggs, John, scholar, 231–2, 236
British perceptions of India, xxviii, 22, 426–32
Broach, Gujarat, 90, 126, 130, 187
Buchan, John, writer, 471
Buddh Gaya, Bihar, 65, 146, 169
Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama), 39, 47, 62–7, 102, 117, 125, 145, 150–1, 194
Buddhism, 47, 62–70, 87, 89, 97, 99, 105, 120, 124, 146–7, 148–9, 152, 158, 166, 182, 193–4, 223, 534
Budha-Gupta, 5th c Gupta king, 144
Bukka, 14th c founder of Vijayanagar kingdom, 281, 282
Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh, 239
Burdwan, Bengal, 450
Burhanpur, Maharashtra, 332, 348
Burma, 123, 194, 416, 451
Burt, Captain, antiquarian, 214
Bussy, Charles de, French commander, 357–81, 393
Cakravartin, Buddhist ideal of universal emperor or cosmic ‘wheel-turner’, 70, 139, 140, 159, 170
Calanus, renunciate, 76–7
Calcutta (Kolkota), 370, 371, 372, 374, 381, 388–9, 392–3, 482, 505, 508–9, 517
Calicut, Kerala, 277, 306, 481
Cambay, Gujarat, 257, 298, 348
Cambodia, 176–7
Candala, Harijan community, 54, 145
Cannanore, Kerala, 481
Cape Comorin (Kanya Kumari), Kerala, 122
Carnatic Wars, 377–81
Caste, 28, 34, 52–5, 120, 145, 189, 279, 419, 432, 586–7
Catherine of Braganza, 371
Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO), 533
Ceraman Perumal, Tamil saint, 219
Chach, 7th c ruler of Sind, 182–3
Chahamanas, rajput lineage, 206, 233–8
Chaitanya, Bengali religious leader, 287–8
Chalukyas, 7–8th c Deccan dynasty, 168–70, 172–6, 181, 190–1, 305
Chalukyas, Later Western, 11–12th c Deccan dynasty, 216, 220, 223, 227, 251, see also Eastern Chalukyas Chambal River, xxv, 192
Champa, Bengal, 65
Cham-pa, Indian kingdom in Vietnam, 124, 177
Champaner, Gujarat, 286, 298
Chand, rajput bard, 233, 234
Chanda Sahib, 18th c claimant to Arcot, 379
Chandelas, rajput rulers of Bundelkhand, 199, 206, 209, 213–4, 227, 234
Chanderi, Uttar Pradesh, 296
Chandernagore, Bengal, 377, 381, 390
Chandigarh, Panjab/Haryana, 577–
8
Chandra-Gupta I, Gupta emperor, 134–6
Chandra-Gupta II, Gupta emperor, 134, 141–3, 145
Chandragupta, Maurya emperor, 69, 79–80, 81, 82–6, 130, 134
Charles II of England/Scotland, 348
Charsadda, Panjab, 51
Chashtana, 2nd c Shaka satrap, 131
Chatterjee, Bankim Chandra, writer, 457, 467
Chaul, Maharashtra, 277
Chausa, battle of (1529), 299
Chauth, Maratha claim to 25% of revenue, 357, 366
Chedi, district & dynasty in central India, 50, 227
Chelmsford, Lord, British Viceroy, 473
Chenab River, 72, 73
Chennai, xxviii, see Madras
Cheras, people & dynasty of Kerala, 170, 173, 181, 199, 215, 218, 220
Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, 223–5, 258
Chilas, Jammu & Kashmir, 115
Child, John, East India Company merchant, 371–2
Child, Sir Josiah, East India Company governor, 371–2
Chillianwala, battle of (1849) 424
China, 104, 110, 113–7, 123, 134, 146, 161, 167, 176, 177, 221, 223, 421, 533–6, 558, 563
Chishti, Shaikh Salim, Sufi saint, 315
Chishti, Shaikh Muin-ud-Din, Sufi saint, 235, 315
Chitor, Rajasthan, 256, 279, 287, 300, 313–5
Chittagong, Bangladesh, 557
Chola dynasty of Tanjore, xix, xxviii, 119, 121, 170, 201, 214–23, 225, 252
Christians, Indian, 122, 429, 432, Missions, 428–9, 438, 445
Chunar, Uttar Pradesh, 298, 299, 392
Churchill, Winston, British Prime Minister, 488, 489, 493
Clive, Robert, Colonel & Governor of Bengal, 375, 379–82, 383, 386, 393, 486
Cochin, Kerala, 306, 348
Coinage and currency, 52, 61, 101, 105, 106–7, 111, 131, 135, 139, 144, 269, 275, 301, 317, 333, 342, 361, 373, 433, 538
Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, French finance minister, 322, 377
Commonwealth, British, 524, 538
Communist Party (CPI & CPM), 481, 518, 530–1, 550–1, 552, 557, 575
Compagnie des Indes, 350, 373, 376, 377, 393–4
Congress Party, 453, 454, 455, 456–61, 464, 465, 466–7, 470, 477, 480–3, 491, 493–5, 500–2, 513–4, 520, 527, 529, 549–52, 575–6, 604
Constitutional Reform & Representation (1880–1947), 455, 459, 468, 469, 480, 489–90, 490–1
Constitutions, Indian, 525–7, 564, 573–4
Pakistani, 526, 538–46, 554, 564, 568
Bangladeshi, 562–5
Coorg, Mysore, 416
Copland, Ian, historian, 493
Cornwallis, Lord, British Governor-General, 399–400, 430
Cotton & Textiles, 13, 85, 119, 245–7, 276, 323, 350, 372–3, 448, 450, 452
Court, Colonel, Napoleonic officer, 422
Crafts & Industry, xxvi, 10, 13, 55, 127, 145, 272, 323, 451, 466, 530–2, 538
Cranganore, Kerala, 122
Cripps, Sir Stafford, British politician, 497, 498
Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, 393
Cults, 14, 31–2, 53, 96, 147–8, 194
Cunningham, Alexander, archaeological surveyor, 136
Curzon, Lord, Viceroy, xviii, 459, 461–4, 468
Cyrus, Achaemenid king, 58
Dacca (Dhaka), Bangladesh, 340, 341, 371, 464, 466, 528, 541–3, 555, 559
Dahar (Dahir), 8th c ruler of Sind, 183–5
Daksinapatha, ‘the southern route’ – hence ‘Deccan’, 43, 90, 119, 169
Dalai Lama, 534
Dales, George F., archaeologist, 23
Dalhousie, Lord, Governor-General, 424, 432–5
Damaji Gaikwad, Maratha leader, 368
Danda, ‘force’, ‘coercion’, 149
Dandi, Gujarat, 487
Dani, Dr Ahmad Hassan, archaeologist, 114–7
Dantidurga, 8th c founder of the Rashtrakuta dynasty, 190–1, 200
Dara Shikoh, Mughal prince, son of Shah Jahan, 338, 339, 340, 345
Darius I, Achaemenid king, 57–8, 60
Dasa, pre-Arya peoples of India, 21, 23, 24, 28, 29, 35, 53–4
Dasaratha, Maurya emperor, 104
Dasyu, interchangeable with dasa (q.v.)
Datia, Madhya Pradesh, 443
Daulat Khan, governor of Panjab under Lodi sultanate, 292, 316
Daulat Rao Scindia, Maratha leader, 408
Daulatabad see Devagiri
Day, Francis, East India Company merchant, 332
Debal, Sind, 183–4, 234
Dehra Dun, Uttar Pradesh, 415
Delhi, 42, 131, 136, 142–3, 206, 233, 239, 240, 247–8, 259–61, 262–6, 292, 301, 309, 310, 335, 340, 366, 374–5, 385–6, 403, 410, 439–40, 447, 465, 489, 503, 509, 517, 574, 580–1
Delhi Sultanate, 213, 240–50, 262–276
Demetrius II, Bactrian Greek king, 107
Desai Morarji Indian prime Minister, 575–6
Deshmukhs, landed nobles of Maharashtra, 338, 355
Deva Raya I, 15th c king of Vijayanagar, 282
Deva Raya II, 15th c king of Vijayanagar, 282, 303
Devagiri (Daulatabad), Maharashtra, 252–5, 257, 269, 270, 281, 283
Devapala, 9th c Pala king, 193, 195
Devnimori, Gujarat, 141
Dhaka see Dacca
Dhalip Singh, last Maharaja of Panjab, 423, 424
Dhamma see Dharma
Dhanga, 10–11th c Chandela king, 213
Dhar, Madhya Pradesh, 226–30, 285
Dharma, ‘religion’, ‘duty’, ‘order’, 46, 94–100, 131, 147, 149, 171, 225
Dharmapala, 8th c Pala king, 192–3, 195
Dhingra, Madanlal, patriot & assassin, 468
Dholpur, Rajasthan, 294
Dhruva, 8th c Rashtrakuta king, 192, 197, 199, 201
Dhruvadevi, Gupta queen, 141
Digvijaya, ‘conquest of the four quarters’ of the globe, 160, 171, 182, 191, 192, 199, 215, 217, 235, 258, 409, 576–7
Dilawar Khan Ghori, 15th c founder of Malwa sultanate, 284–5
Disraeli, Benjamin, British prime minister, 447
Diu, Gujarat, 306
Divodasa, ancient king of Varanasi, 33, 35
Diwan, finance minister of a Muslim ruler, or the office of same, 382, 387, 392
Doab, region between rivers Jamuna & Ganga in Uttar Pradesh, xxiv, 26, 41–2, 44, 256, 268, 294, 413
Dorasamudra see Halebid
Dost Muhammad, 19th c Amir of Kabul, 418, 420
Dow, Alexander, historian, 232
Draupadi, heroine, 39, 46
Dravida Munnetra Kazhaghan (DMK) Tamil political party, 529, 550, 575
Dravidian languages, xxvii, 6, 28, 118–9, 527–30
Dryden, John, playwright, 326
Duby, Georges, historian, 218
Duff, James Grant, administrator & historian, 367, 403, 426
Dufferin, Lord, Viceroy, 455, 458–95
Dupleix, Joseph, Governor of Pondicherry, 379, 393
Durand Line (Pak-Afghan frontier), 598
Dyer, Brigadier-General Reginald, soldier & butcher, 475–7
East India Company, Dutch, (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie) 323, 348, 373
East India Company, English, 323, 332, 350, 361, 364, 370–82, 383–5, 404–8, 414, 419, 427–31, 446, 448, 486
East Pakistan, 538, 539, 541–3, 546, 548, 553–60; see also Bangladesh
Eastern Chalukyas, 7–11th c dynasty, 170, 191, 216
Economy, 259–60, 269, 320–4, 384, 448–51, 482, 530–2, 538, 544–5, 551, 562–3, 591–2, 602–4
Egypt, 121
Elections (1937) 491, 493, (1946) 500
Indian, 525–6, 530, 550, 551–2, 573, 575, 576, 598, 601–2, 604
Pakistani, 537, 541, 542, 545–6, 552–5, 567
Elephanta Island, Maharashtra, 169
Elephants, 27, 58, 65, 70, 73, 84, 109, 168, 185, 189–90, 220, 237, 271, 284, 310
Ellora, Maharashtra, xx, xxviii, 125, 191, 200–1
Elp
hinstone, Mountstuart, administrator & historian, 26–7, 404, 412, 420, 426
‘Emergency’, The, constitutional suspension of 1975–7, 528, 564, 572–4
Emigration, 451–3, 508–9, 521, 546, 578–9, 591
Epic of Gilgamesh, 3
Eran, Madhya Pradesh, 148
Ershad Mohammad, Bangladeshi prime minister, 544, 566, 590
Eucratides, Bactrian Greek king, 107
Euthydemus, Bactrian Greek king, 106
Fa Hian (Fa Hsien), 5th c Chinese visitor, 145–7, 152, 158, 160, 176
Famine, 86, 268, 454, 459, 504
Farman, Mughal imperial directive, 366, 369–77
Farrukhsiyar, Mughal emperor, 364–6, 369–70, 375
Fatehpur Sikri, Uttar Pradesh, 308, 315–6, 319
Fazl-ul-Huq, E. Pakistani politician, 541
Federation, aborted constitutional proposal, 488–95, 499
Fergusson, James, architectural historian, 262, 336
Ferishta, Muslim historian, 204, 206, 207, 210, 231–2, 236–7, 240, 241, 249, 258, 260, 281, 282, 286, 289, 297, 299, 307, 337
Feroz Shah I Khalji (Jalal-ud-Din), 13th c Delhi sultan, 249–50, 254–5
Feroz Shah II Tughluq, 14th c Delhi sultan, 136, 242, 271–4
Ferozepur, Panjab, 537
Ferozepur, battle of (1845), 423
Feudalism, 132, 159–60, 226, 232, 305
Firdausi, poet, 210
Flood, The, 1–5
Fort Derawar, Harappan site, 9
Funan, Indic kingdom in Vietnam, 124, 128, 176
Gama, Vasco da, 306
Gana-Sangha (early republic) 47–8, 49, 51, 64, 67
Gandak River, 43
Gandhara, people, region & artistic genre of the north-west, 50, 58–62, 71, 84, 103, 117, 121, 143
Gandhi, Indira, prime minister, 477, 517, 529, 549–52, 557–60, 562–4, 578–81, 593
Gandhi, M.K., ‘Mahatma’, 100, 247, 449, 452, 453, 455, 471–2, 475, 477, 479–83, 484, 486, 492, 497, 498, 514, 521, 524–5
Gandhi, Rajiv, prime minister, 580–1, 588–9, 598, 602, 603–4
Gandhi, Sanjay, younger son of Indira, 573–6, 578–9
Ganesh, Sultan Raja of Bengal, 287
Ganga dynasty of Mysore, 169, 191, 192, 199
Ganga dynasty of Orissa, 220, 271, 278
Ganga River, xxiv, 26, 36, 40, 43, 44, 61, 70, 73–5, 106, 135, 164, 192, 201, 208, 220–1
Gangaikondacholapuram, Tamil Nadu, 221
Garhgaon, Assam, 341
Garhwal, Uttar Pradesh, 330
Gauda, Bengal, 162, 163
Gaur, Bengal, 244, 279
Gautamiputra Satakarni, 1st–2nd C AD Shatavahana ruler, 131
‘Ghadr’, ‘Mutiny’ movement of c1914, 472–3