by Martin Allen
Bright, Major 177
British Expeditionary Force 70, 104
Brooks, Brigadier 209, 210, 231, 256
Bryans, Lonsdale 185
Buccleuch, Duke of: distrust of by Whitehall 184–6; friendship with Bohle 187, 188, 217; and Duke of Kent 181, 184, 187, 188, 189; and Hess’s arrival 228, 230, 231, 242
Burckhardt, Carl 189–91, 199
Butler, R.A. (‘Rab’) 71, 165, 185–6, 190
Cadogan, Sir Alexander: and German peace initiatives 53–4, 55, 63; role in Hitler/Hess deception 107–8, 148–9; and Hoare 156–7, 162, 163, 164, 166, 176; and involvement of Duke of Kent 179, 180–1, 186–7, and Hamilton 220, 252; after Hess’s arrival 254, 258, 259; drafts statement denying negotiations 287
Cagoulards 41
Canaris, Admiral Wilhelm 264, 280
Candi, Château de 65, 66
Caucasus: as source of oil 38, 137, 158, 172, 206, 262, 270
Chamberlain, Austen 139
Chamberlain, Joseph 13
Chamberlain, Neville 13, 31, 140; and Munich Agreement 39, 42, 54, 192; loss of faith in 43; speech to House of Parliament (Sept. 1939) 47–8; turns down Hitler’s offer of peace 52; and Venlo Incident 62, 63; German assessment of 66, 67, 70; resignation 70
Channon, Sir Henry ‘Chips’ 40, 55, 71, 72, 199, 202–3
Churchill, Winston: anti-Bolshevik activities 102; and formation of Anti-Nazi League 103; and Albrecht Haushofer 31, 42, 94; appointed First Lord of the Admiralty 48; and Venlo Incident 62, 147; becomes Prime Minister 43, 70, 71, 104; condemnations of Hitler 283; sacks Duke of Buccleuch 184; and Hoare’s ‘banishment’ to Spain 71–2, 74; orders sinking of French fleet 246; opposes German peace proposals 77, 79, 80, 83–4, 85, 108; connection with SOE 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 107, 219; strength as leader 120; misunderstanding with Halifax 120–1; relationship with Hillgarth 123–4; rejects peace proposals 126–8, 142; posts Halifax to USA 138–9, 140; appoints Eden Secretary of War 139–40; and German approaches to Halifax 147; and Dalton 151, 212, 213; and Bracken 151–2, 212, 213; Greek campaign 153–5, 169, 170; and Middle Eastern situation 159–60, 169, 200–1; hopes for German invasion of Russia 160–1, 171, 172, 200; orders Wavell to hold Tobruk 167–8; leadership challenged 169–70, 193, 200, 201, 202–3; optimism 195–6; and Hess’s arrival 207, 231, 250–4, 256, 257; statement to the House of Commons 259; and anti-war sentiment 269; and Hitler’s invasion of Russia 262–3, 269–70, 271, 272–4; broadcasts to the nation (June 1941) 274–5; rejects Himmler’s peace offer 282; supports Hillgarth’s bribery of Spanish generals 229–30; unsettled by Stalin’s knowledge of SOl’s operation 285; on Hess 192–3; on the Soviet government 262
Ciano, Count Galeazzo 40, 63
Clydesdale, Lord see Hamilton, Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, Duke of
Colville, John (‘Jock’) 252, 273
Cook, Thomas (travel company) 97
Cooper, Lady Diana 139
Cooper, Duff 94, 139, 169, 287
Coulondre, Ambassador 246
Cranborne, Viscount 35, 139
Crossman, Richard 81, 210, 231
Cunningham, Admiral Sir Andrew 154, 167, 170
Czechoslovakia 34, 37, 38, 39–40, 41–2, 43, 68; Military Intelligence Service 116; government in exile 117, 210; pilots 226–7
Dahlerus, Birger 49; peace initiative 49–50, 52, 53–5, 57, 76, 80
Daily Record 233, 234
Dalton, Hugh 101, 103; as Minister for SOE 101–2; friction with Leeper 102, 104, 212; and SO1 operation 111, 129, 149–51, 209, 210, 212, 231; presses for naval blockade of Spain 158; ‘reduced’ by Bracken 151–2, 212–13
Danzig (Gdansk) 33 and n, 39, 42, 53, 247
Darlan, Admiral Jean-François 246–7, 248
Delmer, Sefton 255
Dentz, General 159–60
Deterding, Sir Henry 206
Dienststelle Ribbentrop 27 and n, 37
Dill, General Sir John 167
Ditchley Park, nr Oxford 207–8, 250
Doenitz, Admiral Karl 286
Donald, Major Graham 240
Dunglass, Lord (Alec Douglas-Home) 31
Dunkirk, evacuation from 69, 70, 115n
Eaglesham House, Scotland 234, 235
Eccles, David 76
Eden, Anthony: pre-war career 139–40; and Albrecht Haushofer 31; and German rearmament 34, 35; appointed Secretary for War 140; and Halifax’s report of German approaches 147, 148; Dalton voices fears to 149–51; and Greek campaign 154; in Cairo 154, 167; proposes Anglo–Soviet pact 172; and House of Commons debate (May 1941) 202, 203; at SO1 meeting (May 1941) 111, 209, 210, 212, 231; and Hess’s arrival 254, 257; Hoare’s letter to 122, 260–1; and German kidnap attempt 267–8
Ekeberg, Dr 77, 78, 79
Electra House, London 100
Enigma code 171, 200, 264
Feldt Stein & Co., Hamburg 5
Forbes, Sir George Ogilvie 49
Foss (Leeper’s secretary) 256
Franco, General Francisco 72, 118, 123–4, 130, 178, 229–30
Frank, Hans 259
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke 6
Freikorp Epp 8
Fritsch, General Werner von 40
Gaitskell, Hugh 81, 104, 107, 209, 231
Galland, Adolf 244, 249
Gardeman, Hans 272
Gartenfeldt, Hauptmann 265
Geographie Gesellschaft (Society for Geography) xxii, 29, 276
Geopolitical Institute (Berlin) xxv
geopolitics 9–10, 14–15
George V, King 181, 182
George VI, King 163, 182, 183, 184, 186, 213, 251, 259
Gessler, Otto 57
Gestapo 2, 59, 90, 280, 281
Gibraltar 74, 118, 158, 176, 178
Glasgow Herald 239
Gloucester, Prince Henry, Duke of 183, 184
Goebbels, Josef 1, 25; hatred of Albrecht Haushofer 27, 276; and German rearmament 34; at Anglo–German banquet 35; peace offers 57; propaganda broadcasts 105; and Hess flight 248
Goerdeler, Carl 80 and n
Göring, Hermann 11; and Munich Putsch (1923) 18–19, 20; at Anglo–German banquet 35; at conference on Greater Germany (1937) 40; and peace approaches to Britain 50, 142, 156, 157; and Hess’s flight 244, 248, 249; country estate visited by author 293–4
Grand, Major Lawrence 98, 99
Greece 153–5, 166, 169, 170
Hailsham, Lord 206
Halder, General Franz 271
Halifax, Lord: stays at Reich’s official guest house set in Gӧring’s country estate 293; meeting with Hitler (1937) 36–7; and Haushofer’s letter to Duke of Hamilton 43; at Hoare’s briefing 72; heads SIS 101; and Dalton 149; misunderstanding with Churchill 120–1; appointed US Ambassador (1940) 31, 138–9, 140; and German peace initiatives 52–5, 62, 77, 79–80, 136–7, 140, 146–9, 162–4, 190
Hamilton, Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, Duke of (formerly Lord Clydesdale): relationship with Albrecht Haushofer 30, 31; shows Haushofer’s letter to Churchill (July 1939) 42–3, 91; proposed as intermediary 89, 95, 186; Haushofer’s letter to (Sept. 1940) 113–16, 121–2; Hess’s letter to 132; and use of Dungavel House as meeting place 188, 199, 221; involvement in SO1 operation 218–20; Hess reads his Pilot’s Book of Everest 215; and Hess’s arrival in England 217, 221, 237; meeting with Hess 113, 238–42, 250–1; discussions with Churchill 250, 251–4; returns to RAF Turnhouse 255; interviews Hess with Kirkpatrick 256–7, 258–9; lunches with King George VI 259
Hamilton, Dowager Duchess of 240
Hamilton, General Sir Ian 89
Hassell, Ilse von 190
Hassell, Ulrich von 185, 280
Haushofer, Albrecht: friendship with Hess 10–11, 28, 32–3, 38; early career 28–9, 31–2; friendship with Patrick Roberts 14, 29–30; as poet and playwright xxiii, 91; British contacts 30, 31, 220; early assignments 33–4; as adviser to Hitler and Hess 3, 9, 27–8, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38; arranges Anglo–German banquet (1935) 35; reports on ‘Germany’s Foreign-Political Apparatus’ 35–6; writes to C
lydesdale (1939) 42–3; reports on British reaction to German expansionism 46; and SO1 operation 82; told of his role in German peace proposals 88–92; meeting with Hess 92–7; letter to Duke of Hamilton (1940) 113–16, 121–2, 218; and Bohle 132, 133; meetings with Hoare (1941) 136, 162–4, 174, 175, 179; further negotiations with British 183, 189; meeting with Burckhardt 189–91; meets Hoare in Zürich xxv, 194, 198–9; last meeting with Hess 198; memorandum to Hitler xxv-xxvi; unaware of Hess’s flight 199; summoned by Hitler 248, 249; makes approaches to Hoare 260–1, 272; fortunes wane following Hess’s flight 275–6; relationship with Hitler 275–7, 279; flees after Hitler assassination plot 280–1; capture and imprisonment 281; contacted by Himmler 281; executed 282; body buried by brother xxi-xxiii; diaries found xxiii
Haushofer, Heinz xxi–xxiii, xxvi–xxvii
Haushofer, Karl: background 12; marriage 12–13; geopolitical theories xxiv, 9–10, 13–14, 15, 16, 22, 23, 24; visits England 13, 14; meets and influences Hess 8–9, 10, 15; first sight of Hitler 15, 17; hides Hitler after Munich Putsch 20; tutors Hitler xxiv, 2–3, 9, 11–12, 20-1, 22, 108; appointments obtained through Hess 27; theories influence Nazi policy 36, 38, 39, 77; contacts Ukrainian nationalists 38; meeting with Hess 87–92; receives letter from Violet Roberts 96–7, 109, 121; continues contact with Hess 191, 194; post-war interview 191; interrogation by Americans xxiii–xxiv, xv, 21, 198; interrogation by British Intelligence xxvi, xxvii; death xxvii
Haushofer, Martha (née Mayer-Doss) xxvi–xxvii, 10, 12–13, 14, 198
Hess, Alfred 5, 132, 236
Hess, Fritz 5, 6–7
Hess, Helene 136
Hess, Ilse (née Prӧhl) 17, 38, 208, 215, 236
Hess, Margarete 5
Hess, Rudolf: birth and childhood 4–5; schooling 5; in Hamburg 5–6; bitterness at Germany’s World War I defeat 4, 6–7; joins Thule Gesellschaft 7; meets Karl Haushofer 8; influenced by him xxiv, 9, 10, 11, 21, 22; introduces Hitler to him 2, 8–9; friendship with Albrecht Haushofer 10–11; under Hitler’s spell 11, 15, 17, 18; involved in Munich Putsch 19; imprisoned with Hitler 20–1; input into Mein Kampf 21; as Nazi 1, 24–6; and Albrecht Haushofer 27, 28, 32–4; and Bohle 187; at Anglo–German banquet 35; relationship with Burckhardt 189; attempts to legitimise invasion of Poland 43; alarmed by report on British reactions to German expansion 46; discussions with Karl Haushofer on peace negotiations 87–92; advised by Albrecht Haushofer 92–6; and peace initiative via Violet Roberts and Duke of Hamilton 96–7, 113–15, 132–3; and Bohle’s involvement 132–3, 135, 188; additional flights 134–5; probable meetings with Hoare 135–6, 175, 177–9; preparations for flight to Scotland 143–4, 174–5, 177, 191, 193–4, 197–8, 199; relationship with Hitler 191–3, 194–5, 196–7; meeting with Rosenberg 206, 207, 213–14; last hours in Germany 214–16; flight to Scotland 216–18 221–3, 224, 225, 226–9, 231–3, 235–6; uses false name 236–7; in Home Guard custody 237–8; British reactions to his arrival xxvii–xxviii, 233–4, 242, 250–5; interviewed by Duke of Hamilton 113, 237, 238–42, 251; Hitler’s reaction to his flight xxvii, xxviii, 243–50, 255–6, 259–60; further interviews with Hamilton and Kirkpatrick 256–9; likely German rescue attempt 263–8; at Nuremberg trial xxvi, 112, 113, 286–7, 288–9; imprisonment 289, 292–3; knowledge of deception 289–90, 291–2
Hess, Wolf Rüdiger 38, 208, 215, 291–2, 293
Hess & Co. 5
Hewel, Walter 243, 249
Heydrich, Reinhard 35, 59, 61, 63
Hill, George 102, 103, 266–7, 268
Hillgarth, Captain Gareth Alan (agent ‘YN’) 123–4; report of Hoare’s meeting with Papal Nuncio 123, 125–6, 127; arranges transport for Hoare 130, 131–2, 133; at Hess/Hoare meetings 136, 175; and Franco bribery deal 229–30
Himmler, Heinrich 1; as head of SS 35, 59, 60, 61, 248, 249; and the Haushofers xxii, 11, 27, 276, 281, 282; secret peace negotiations 63–4, 142, 156, 158, 190, 276, 281–2
Hindenburg, Paul von 25
Hitler, Adolf 1; Munich beerhouse speech (1920) 15, 17; speaking ability 17–18; and Munich Putsch (1923) 18–20; and the Haushofers xxiv, xxv, 2–3, 9, 11–12, 13, 15, 17, 20, 21, 22, 27, 32, 33, 34, 38; imprisonment and the writing of Mein Kampf 20–1; and Hess 21–2, 24, 25, 33; worried by British reaction to German rearmament 34–5; gives Anglo–German banquet 35; influenced by Albrecht Haushofer 35–6, 37–8; mistakenly believes German expansion will be allowed 36; meeting with Lord Halifax 36–7; disagreement with Karl Haushofer 39; and invasion of Czechoslovakia 39–42; secret peace
Hitler, Adolf – cont. initiatives 44–5, 49–50, 53–5; against war with Britain 45–6, 48; makes public appeals for peace 49, 50–2; further ‘peaceable attempts’ 56–7, 58, 59, 64, 70; survives assassination attempt (1939) 61, 64, 67; and the Windsors 64–6, 70, 75; Reichstag speech (1940) 75; fourth peace offer 77–81, 87–8; changes bombing strategy 84; and Russian advances 85–6; diplomatic blunders 86–7; compares Nazi Germany to ancient Rome 91, 205; his involvement of Hess and the Haushofers in peace negotiations 87–94, 96; makes concessions 124–8; prepares for invasion of Russia (1940) 137, 141, 146, 154, 161, 205; deceived by SO1 operation 147–8; makes further peace offer through Hohenlohe 156–9; and North Africa campaign 166–7; and Gibraltar 178; suggests Bohle as possible future Ambassador to Britain 188–9; relationship with Hess 191–3; delivers major Reichstag speech (1941) 194–5, 204–5; prior knowledge of Hess’s mission 196–7, 198; and London blitz 202; and postponement of Russian offensive 205–6; and Rosenberg 214; reaction to Hess’s flight xxvii, xxviii, 243–50, 255–6, 259–60; meeting with Mussolini 270; and invasion of Russia 22, 271, 273–4, 275, 277–8, 284–5; views on-Albrecht Haushofer 276–7, 278–9; survives Stauffenberg Plot 280, 281; defeat 283–4; suicide 282
Hoare, Sir Samuel (later Lord Templewood): friendship with Beaverbrook 204; as SIS agent in Moscow 102; appointed Ambassador to Spain 71–2, 74, 122–3; and the Windsors 71, 73; chosen by Albrecht Haushofer as negotiator 95, 115, 122; secret activity 111, 117–18; approached by Germans via Papal Nuncio (1940) 122–3, 124–6, 127; meetings with Hess 130, 131–2, 133, 136–7, 141–2, 143, 144, 175; and Hohenlohe’s peace initiative 155–8, 165–6, 172; meetings with Albrecht Haushofer 162–4, 175; trip to Gibraltar 176–7; and Hess’s visit to Madrid (April 1941) 177–9; meeting with Albrecht Haushofer (May 1941) xxv, 194, 198–9; approached by German agents 260–1, 272
Hoare–Laval Pact 71 and n
Hohenburg, Sophie Chotek, Duchess of 6
Hohenlohe, Prince Max zu: peace initiatives 142, 156–9, 165–6, 172, 190
Honecker, Erich 293
Hong Kong Telegraph 234
Hopkins, Harry 207, 231
Hopkinson (Intelligence officer) 69
Horn, Carl 236
Hossbach, Colonel 40
Hoyningen-Huene, Baron Oswald von 64–5, 75, 76, 119
Ingrams, Leonard St Clair 81, 105, 150, 209, 210–11, 231, 242, 256
International Red Cross 189, 190, 199, 248
Ironside, General Sir Edmund 67
Jodl, General Alfred 86
Jung, Carl Gustav 188
Kaden, Helmut 134, 135, 136, 143, 174
Karinhall, nr Berlin 293–4
Kell, Sir Vernon 100
Kelly, David 137, 141–2, 144, 156, 158
Kent, Prince George, Duke of: pre-war meetings with Nazi officials 181–3, 214; and negotiations with Portugal 183; involvement with SO1 180–1, 183, 187, 188–9, 199, 217, 218, 230, 231; car accident 242
Kiel mutiny (1918) 4
Kirkpatrick, Ivone 108; meetings with Hess xxvii, 254–5, 256, 257, 258–9; and the Haushofers’ deaths xxvi,
xxvii
Knatchbull-Hugessen, Sir Hugh 56
Knickebeins 223–4, 234–5
Lawrence, Sir Geoffrey 289
Lebensraum xxiv, 3, 15, 21, 22, 41, 158, 172
Leeper, Reginald (‘Rex’): involvement in anti-Bolshevik plot 102, 103; takes over Political Intelligence Department 102–3; relationship with Churchill 102, 103
; defeatism 103–4; as leader of SO1 103, 104, 106, 219; Gaitskell letter and origin of Hitler/ Hess deception 81, 82, 87, 104, 107, 108; assessment of war 150, 274; friction with Dalton 102, 104, 150; friendship with Strang 179; and involvement of Duke of Kent 189, 242; at SO1 meeting (Woburn, May 1941) 111, 209, 231; orders minutes not to be kept 256; and fate of German agents 266, 267, 268
Leigh-Mallory, Air Vice Marshal Trafford 263–4
Leitgen, Alfred 197, 245
Lenin, V.I. 8, 102
Lequio, Francesco 165
Ley, Robert 1, 24, 276
Liddell Hart, Basil 170
Life Magazine: ‘The Mystery of Haushofer’ 11–12
Lindsay, Sir Ronald 139
Lippert, Rudolf 244–5
Litvinov, Maxim 102
Lloyd, Lord 206
Lloyd George, David 139, 169–70, 201, 202–3, 269
Lockhart, Robert Bruce: involvement in anti-Bolshevik plot 102; opinion of Leeper 103–4; as liaison to Czech government in exile 117, 210; works for SO1 117, 150; friendship with Strang 179; opinion of Beaverbrook and Churchill 204; records Bracken/Dalton quarrel 213; at SO1 meeting (May 1941) 209, 210, 231; views on Kirkpatrick 254–5; dines with Prime Minister 271–2
London Blitz 201, 202, 231
Longmore, Air Marshal 167
Lothian, Lord 30, 31, 95, 115, 138
Luftwaffe 83, 84–5, 108, 264
Luton, bombing of (1941) 264
Lutz, Franz 194, 198, 215, 244, 245
Lyttelton, Oliver 139
McBride, Daniel 234, 235–6, 237
McCowen, Major John 263–4, 265–6
MacDonald, Ramsay 31, 100
Mackinder, Halford J.: theories adopted by Karl Haushofer 9–10, 13–14
McLean, David 233, 234
MacLean, Hector 241
Mair, John 238
Maiski, Ivan 172
Makins, Roger 176, 178
Mallet, Victor 44–5, 77–9, 80, 88
Mann, Erica: interview with Karl Haushofer 191
Mason-MacFarlane, General 176
Menzies, Stewart 254
Messerschmitt, Professor Willy 264
Messerschmitt headquarters, Augsburg 134, 174, 199, 229
Messerschmitt Me-110E 135–6, 174–5, 199, 216, 222, 224, 229
MI5 100–1, 185, 218, 238, 255, 265; 20 Committee 219, 265, 266
