Reading Ovid

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Reading Ovid Page 26

by Peter Jones


  et †nimium uīxisse diū nocet. audiat istās^,

  sī qua †tibī nurus est, sī qua est tibi fīlia, ^uōcēs.

  cōnsiliī satis est in mē mihi, †nēue monendō

  40

  †prōfēcisse putēs, eadem est sententia nōbīs.

  cūr nōn ipsa uenit? †cūr haec certāmina uītat?’

  tum dea †‘uēnit!’ ait, fōrmamque remōuit anīlem

  †Palladaque exhibuit. uenerantur nūmina nymphae

  †Mygdonidesque nurūs; sōla est nōn territa uirgō.

  45

  sed tamen †ērubuit, subitusque^ inuīta notāuit

  ōra ^rubor rūrsusque †ēuānuit, ut solet āēr

  †purpureus fierī, cum prīmum Aurōra mouētur,

  et breue post tempus †candēscere sōlis ab ortū.

  perstat in inceptō, stolidāque cupīdine †palmae

  50

  in sua fāta ruit; neque enim †Ioue nāta recūsat,

  nec monet †ulterius, nec iam certāmina differt.

  [53–8: Ovid describes how the looms were set up and prepared for weaving]

  The two of them get down to business, robes hitched up to the girdle,

  Experienced hands hard at it, enthusiasm making light of the work.

  60

  Threads dipped in Tyrian purple are being woven here

  And lighter shades, imperceptibly merging.

  Imagine a rainbow when the sun has broken through after a shower:

  It paints the length of the sky with its great curving arc,

  Gleaming with a thousand different hues,

  65

  But impossible to tell where one becomes another.

  Adjacent colours look the same; at the edges, distinctions are clear.

  And here gold threads are being worked into the cloth,

  As ancient tales are woven on the loom.

  6.70–82: Minerva puts at the centre her ancient contest with Poseidon

  †Cecropiā Pallas scopulum Māuortis in arce

  70

  pingit et †antīquam dē terrae nōmine lītem.

  †bis sex caelestēs, mediō Ioue, sēdibus altīs,

  †augustā grauitāte, sedent. sua^ quemque deōrum

  †īnscrībit ^faciēs: Iouis est rēgālis imāgō;

  †stāre deum pelagī longōque ferīre tridente

  75

  aspera saxa facit, mediōque ē †uulnere saxī

  exsiluisse fretum, quō †pignore uindicet urbem;

  at †sibi dat clipeum, dat acūtae cuspidis hastam,

  dat †galeam capitī, dēfenditur aegide pectus,

  †percussamque suā simulat dē cuspide terram

  80

  †ēdere cum bācīs fētum cānentis olīuae;

  †mīrārīque deōs; operis Victōria fīnis.

  6.83–102: In the corners,Minerva depicts mortals who challenged the gods

  ut tamen †exemplīs intellegat aemula laudis

  quod †pretium spēret prō tam furiālibus ausīs,

  quattuor in †partēs certāmina quattuor addit,

  85

  clāra colōre suō, breuibus †distīncta sigillīs.

  †Thrēiciam Rhodopēn habet angulus ūnus et Haemum,

  †nunc gelidōs montēs, mortālia corpora quondam,

  nōmina summōrum sibi †quī tribuēre deōrum.

  altera^ †Pygmaeae fātum miserābile mātris

  90

  ^pars habet; hanc Iūnō uictam certāmine iussit

  esse †gruem populīsque suīs indīcere bellum.

  pinxit et †Antigonēn, ausam contendere quondam

  cum magnī †cōnsorte Iouis, quam rēgia Iūnō

  in †uolucrem uertit; nec prōfuit Īlion illī

  95

  †Lāomedōnue pater, sūmptīs quīn candida pennīs

  ipsa sibi †plaudat crepitante cicōnia rōstrō.

  †quī superest sōlus, Cinyrān habet angulus orbum;

  isque †gradūs templī, nātārum membra suārum,

  amplectēns saxōque iacēns †lacrimāre uidētur.

  100

  †circuit extrēmās oleīs pācālibus ōrās

  (is modus est) operisque †suā facit arbore fīnem.

  6.103–14: Arachne depicts Jupiter’s disguises and various affairs

  †Maeonis ēlūsam dēsignat imāgine taurī

  †Eurōpam; uērum taurum, freta uēra putārēs.

  ipsa uidēbātur terrās spectāre relictās

  105

  et comitēs clāmāre suās tāctumque †uerērī

  †adsilientis aquae timidāsque redūcere plantās.

  †fēcit et Asteriēn aquilā luctante tenērī,

  fēcit †olōrīnīs Lēdam recubāre sub ālīs;

  addidit ut, satyrī †cēlātus imāgine, pulchram^

  110

  Iuppiter implērit geminō †^Nyctēida fētū,

  †Amphitryōn fuerit cum tē, Tīrynthia, cēpit,

  †aureus ut Danaēn, Asōpida lūserit ignis,

  †Mnēmosynēn pāstor, uarius Dēōida serpēns.

  6.115–28: She depicts Neptune, Apollo, Dionysus and Saturn in disguise

  tē quoque mūtātum toruō, †Neptūne, iuuencō

  115

  uirgine in †Aeoliā posuit; tū uīsus Enīpeus

  †gignis Alōīdās, ariēs Bīsaltida fallis,

  et †tē flāua comās frūgum mītissima māter

  sēnsit equum, sēnsit uolucrem †crīnīta colubrīs

  māter †equī uolucris, sēnsit delphīna Melanthō.

  120

  omnibus hīs faciemque suam faciemque locōrum

  †reddidit. est illīc agrestis imāgine Phoebus,

  †utque modo accipitris pennās, modo terga leōnis

  gesserit, ut †pāstor Macarēida lūserit Issēn,

  †Līber ut Ērigonēn falsā dēcēperit ūuā,

  125

  ut †Sāturnus equō geminum Chīrōna creārit.

  ultima pars †tēlae, tenuī circumdata limbō,

  †nexilibus flōrēs hederīs habet intertextōs.

  6.129–45: The furious Minerva drives Arachne to suicide, but then turns her into a spider

  nōn illud^ Pallas, nōn illud^ carpere †Līuor

  possit ^opus. doluit †successū flāua uirāgō,

  130

  et †rūpit pictās, caelestia crīmina, uestēs,

  utque †Cytōriacō radium dē monte tenēbat,

  †ter quater Idmoniae frontem percussit Arachnēs.

  nōn tulit †īnfēlīx, laqueōque animōsa ligāuit

  †guttura; pendentem Pallas miserāta leuāuit,

  135

  atque ita ‘uīue quidem, pendē tamen, †improba’ dīxit,

  †‘lēxque^eadem poenae, nē sīs sēcūra futūrī,

  ^dicta tuō generī sērīsque nepōtibus †estō!’

  post ea discēdēns, †sūcīs Hecatēidos herbae

  †sparsit; et extemplō trīstī medicāmine tāctae

  140

  †dēfluxēre comae, cum quīs et nāris et aurēs,

  fitque caput minimum, tōtō quoque corpore parua est;

  in latere †exīlēs digitī prō crūribus haerent,

  cētera †uenter habet, dē quō tamen illa remittit

  †stāmen, et antīquās exercet arānea tēlās.

  145

  Learning vocabulary for Passage 11, Minerva and Arachne

  angul-us ī 2m. corner

  antīqu-us a um ancient

  certāmen certāmin-is 3n. contest

  cuspis cuspid-is 3f. point

  fēt-us ūs 4m. fruit, offspring

  fret-um ī 2n. sea-water, sea

  incept-us a um begun (incipiō); incept-um ī 2n. beginning, plan

  lān-a ae 1f. wool

  nur-us -ūs 4f. daughter-in-law, wife

  Pallas Pallad-is 3f. Pallas [Athena], i.e. Minerva

  pingō 3 pinxī pictum embroider, depict

  recūsō 1 re
fuse (to do)

  sēr-us a um late(r)

  seu whether, or

  sīue whether, or

  spernō 3 sprēuī sprētum spurn, despise

  tēl-a ae 1f. tapestry, weaving

  toru-us a um grim, unyielding

  ueni-a ae 1f. pardon, forgiveness

  uolucr-is is 3f. bird

  Study section

  1. Why did Minerva bother to challenge Arachne to a contest?

  2. How would you define the functions of the two tapestries?

  3. Do you admire Arachne? Or did she get what was coming to her? How does your answer affect your view of Minerva?

  4. Weaving is regularly likened to writing in the ancient world. So is ‘the episode of Arachne and Minerva . . . an essay on narrative technique, a discourse on the partiality and ideology of the point of view of the producer of a text’? (Rosati, in Hardie et al. 1999, 252; cf. Farrell, ‘Minerva first assaults Arachne physically and then unravels her text as well’, ibid. 137.)

  Vocabulary and grammar

  1 praebuerat: note the string of plupfs. (2, 7, 10, 11, 12), laying out the background to the story

  Trītōni-a ae 1f. Minerva/Athena (said to be connected with Lake Tritonis in Greece)

  2 carmen carmin-is 3n. song

  Āonid-es um 3f. pl. the Muses (Mount Helicon, home of the Muses, was situated in Aonia, a part of Boeotia in Greece)

  īram: i.e. at the daughters of Pierus for challenging the Muses to a singing contest, for which the Muses subsequently punished them

  3 laudāre: understand ‘Muses’ as the object

  parum too little, not enough

  laudēmur: note the jussive subj., like sināmus, 4. Minerva uses the royal ‘we’ here, meaning ‘I’ (hence ipsae, nom. pl. f.)

  4 *spernō 3 sprēuī sprētum spurn, despise

  sinō 3 allow

  5 Maeoni-us a um from Maeonia, another name for Lydia (central western Turkey)

  fātīs: i.e. the fate that Minerva ought to deal out to her

  intendō 3 direct, turn

  Arachnēs: Greek gen. s. of Arachnē (the Greek for ‘spider’)

  6 quam . . . audierat: ‘[Arachne] whom [Minerva] had heard’

  lānific-us a um to do with wool-working, weaving

  cēdere: i.e. Arachne did not yield sibi (i.e. to Minerva) in laudibus artis lānificae

  7 illa: i.e. Arachne (subject) fuit clāra nōn . . . nōn . . . sed . . . (all abl. explaining in what/why she was [not] famous, RLL(f)4(iii), WSuppl.syntax)

  8 Colophōni-us a um from Colophon (in Ionia, central western Turkey)

  Idmōn -is 3m. Idmon, Arachne’s father

  9 Phōcaic-us a um from Phocaea (a coastal town north of Colophon). Observe the golden line to describe the work of Arachne’s humble father

  bibul-us a um thirsty, absorbent

  tingō 3 dye, tint

  mūrex mūric-is 3m. (very expensive) purple dye (extracted from shellfish)

  *lān-a ae 1f. wool

  10 occiderat: meaning? Note scansion

  sed et haec but she too

  plēbs plēb-is 3f. common citizen, member of rank-and-file

  suō . . . uirō: dat. after aequa (they are equal in humble origin)

  11 Ld-us a um of Lydia

  illa: i.e. Arachne

  12 memorābil-is e memorable

  13 Hypaep-a ōrum 2n. Hypaepa, a town in Lydia

  14 admīrābil-is e wonderful

  15 uinēt-um ī 2n. vineyard

  Timōl-us ī 2m. Timolus (also Tmolus), a mountain in Lydia

  16 Pactōlis Pactōlid-is 3f. of the river Pactolus, whose source lay in T(i)molus. It was supposed to run with gold (see Comment on passage 19, 11.137)

  17 spectāre iuuābat: controls factās uestēs (the finished product) and uestēs (understood)

  18 tum quoque cum . . . fierent: i.e. the actual processes; just watching Arachne prepare her material was an experience by itself, as Ovid goes on to explain

  19 *sīue . . . seu whether . . . or

  rud-is e raw. The raw wool, sheared or pulled off the sheep, was first formed into a ball (19); the ball was fixed onto a stick (distaff); from this ‘cloud’ (as Ovid calls it, 21) of wool a thread was teased out between finger and thumb of the left hand (20–1), and fixed on to a spindle (spinning stick) which one twirled with the right hand (22). The left hand continued to feed the thread on to the spindle, round which the thread wrapped itself. The finished thread was then ready to be woven on the loom

  glomerō 1 gather, form

  20 subigō 3 work

  repetīt-us a um set on again, worked with again (i.e. repeatedly)

  21 uellus ueller-is 3n. fleece

  nebul-a ae 1f. cloud

  aequō 1 resemble (+ acc.)

  tract-us ūs 4m. drawing-out (into threads)

  22 teres teret-is smooth, rounded. A golden line

  uersō 1 turn

  pollex pollic-is 3m. thumb

  fūs-us ī 2m. spindle

  23 *pingō 3 pinxī pictum embroider, depict, paint

  ac-us ūs 4f. needle

  scīrēs: main verb after sīue . . . seu . . . sīue . . . seu. Note conditional subj. and apostrophe, drawing the reader in to agree with Ovid’s compliment, which he repeats at 104. Nevertheless, we do not actually witness Minerva teaching her; we have to assume that Minerva, being goddess of weaving, must automatically have given her the skills she had

  *Pallas Pallad-is 3f. Pallas [Athena], i.e. Minerva. ‘Pallas’ is a Greek word of mysterious derivation; it may mean ‘mistress’

  doctam [esse]: sc. ‘that she had been . . . ’

  24 quod: ‘a suggestion which’, as if someone had on some occasion made such a remark and she had vehemently denied it. In so doing, Arachne was effectively denying the existence of Minerva as goddess of weaving

  offēns-us a um annoyed at (+ abl.)

  magistr-a ae 1f. teacher (i.e. Minerva)

  25 certō 1 compete (note: subj.)

  nihil: i.e. no penalty/punishment

  uicta: participle with conditional force, RLP4

  *recūsō 1 refuse (to pay)

  26 an-us ūs 4f. old woman

  tempus tempor-is 3n. side of the forehead, temple

  cān-us a um grey (hair)

  27 īnfirm-us a um weak

  artūs: take in order īnfirmōs artūs quōs baculō sustinet

  bacul-um ī 2n. stick

  28 grand-is e old

  29 quae fugiāmus: picks up omnia, i.e. ‘not everything that older age has [is the sort of thing]’ quae fugiāmus (generic subj., RL140, W38)

  *sēr-us a um late(r)

  30 nē sperne: for nē + imp. ‘don’t’ (common in poetry), see RLL-V(a)3

  petātur: note subj.

  32 *ueni-a ae 1f. pardon, forgiveness

  temerāri-us a um rash

  33 supplex supplic-is humble

  34 adspicit: Arachne is subject

  *toru-us a um grim, unyielding (supply oculīs)

  *incept-us a um begun (incipiō); incept-um ī 2n. beginning, plan

  fīl-um ī 2n. thread

  36 resequor 3 resecūtus reply to (golden line, with chiasmus)

  37 inops inop-is deficient in (+ gen.)

  cōnfect-us a um worn out (cōnficiō)

  senect-a ae 2f. old age

  38 nimium . . . diū: i.e. too long

  nocet: used here impersonally, ‘it harms [you] to have . . .’

  audiat: note subj. The subject is any nurus or fīlia the old woman (as Arachne thinks she is) may have; obj. is uōcēs (39), i.e. keep your advice for your own family

  39 tibī . . . tibi: note different scansions

  *nur-us -ūs 4f. daughter-in-law, wife

  40 nēue ‘or in case’

  41 prōficiō 3/4 prōfēcī achieve anything, do some good (supply tē as subject of the acc. and inf. after putēs)

  eadem: i.e. I have not changed my mind

  ipsa: i.e. Minerva herself

  42 *certāmen cert�
�min-is 3n. contest

  uitō 1 avoid

  43 uēnit: cf. uenit, 42

  anīl-is e of an old woman

  44 Pallada: Greek acc. of Pallas

  exhibeō 2 reveal (oneself as)

  ueneror 1 venerate, worship

  45 Mygdonis Mygdonid-is of the Mygdones, Phrygian (Phrygia is next to Lydia), i.e. everyone who has come to admire Arachne’s work (cf. 14–16)

  46 ērubēscō 3 ērubuī blush

  subit-us a um sudden

  notō 1 mark

  47 ēuānēscō 3 ēuānuī disappear

  ut: introduces a simile

  48 purpure-us a um crimson

  49 candēscō 3 grow white

  ort-us ūs 4m. rising; ab = ‘after’

  50 perstō 1 persist

  stolid-us a um stupid, crass

  cupīdō cupīdin-is 3f. desire

  palm-a ae 1f. prize, victory

  51 Ioue nāta: lit. ‘born from Jove’, i.e. Minerva

  52 ulterius any more

  differō 3 put off

  70 Cecropi-us in Athens (lit. ‘of Cecrops’, an ancient king of Athens)

  scopul-us ī 2m. rock

  Māuors Māuor-tis 3m. Mars. The ‘rock of Mars’ is the Areopagus, ‘Ares’ hill’, just below the Acropolis, i.e. citadel (arce), of Athens

 

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