Those Angry Days: Roosevelt, Lindbergh, and America's Fight Over World War II, 1939-1941
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53 “cowards”: Ibid.
54 “was an expert”: Caro, Path to Power, p. 323.
55 “literally afraid”: Ibid, p. 330.
56 “one of us”: D. B. Hardeman and Donald C. Bacon, Rayburn: A Biography (Austin: Texas Monthly Press, 1987), p. 233.
57 “the President didn’t”: Caro, Path to Power, p. 596.
58 “his advice was”: Ibid.
59 “I need your”: Hardeman and Bacon, Rayburn, p. 264.
60 “follow your own”: Ibid., p. 265.
61 “the bill is”: Ibid., p. 267.
62 “cowardice”: Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, p. 152.
63 “If you don’t”: Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War, p. 574.
64 “would become more”: Olson, Citizens of London, p. 122.
65 “The President”: Ibid., pp. 122–23.
66 “a wave of depression”: Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War, p. 734.
67 “too many Americans”: Life, Sept. 1, 1941.
68 “The public has been”: Maj. Stephen D. Wesbrook, “The Railey Report and Army Morale 1941,” Military Review, June 1980.
69 “Got any ideas?”: Ibid.
CHAPTER 23: “PROPAGANDA … WITH A VERY THICK COATING OF SUGAR”
1 “Will you kindly”: John E. Moser, “ ‘Gigantic Engines of Propaganda’: The 1941 Senate Investigation of Hollywood,” Historian, Summer 2001.
2 “a more impartial”: David Welky, The Moguls and the Dictators: Hollywood and the Coming of World War II (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), p. 251.
3 “We really have”: Ibid., p. 4.
4 “the most gigantic”: Calder, Beware the British Serpent, p. 239.
5 “The silver screen”: Welky, Moguls and the Dictators, p. 293.
6 “Russia, Hungary”: Neal Gabler, An Empire of Their Own: How the Jews Invented Hollywood (New York: Crown, 1988), p. 345.
7 “are doing a”: Welky, Moguls and the Dictators, p. 274.
8 “Yes—Mussolini”: Life, Feb. 13, 1939.
9 “The question of”: Welky, Moguls and the Dictators, p. 29.
10 “The primary purpose”: Ibid., p. 159.
11 “the just rights”: Ibid., p. 60.
12 “believed movies”: Ibid., p. 59.
13 “we were always”: Ibid., p. 3.
14 “The Jews are”: Otto Friedrich, City of Nets: A Portrait of Hollywood in the 1940’s (New York: Harper & Row, 1986), p. 47.
15 “From the time”: Alan Brinkley, Publisher, p. 187.
16 “So fast are”: Life, June 17, 1940.
17 “All that noise”: Cull, Selling War, p. 112.
18 “to shake the”: Calder, Beware the British Serpent, p. 248.
19 “The maintenance of”: Cull, Selling War, p. 50.
20 “propaganda …”: Calder, Beware the British Serpent, p. 251.
21 “You cannot”: Ibid.
22 “propaganda worth”: Olson, Citizens of London, p. 236.
23 “I was concerned”: Ibid.
24 “using the film”: Welky, Moguls and the Dictators, p. 244.
25 “thrilled”: Ibid., p. 295.
26 “men must fight”: Ibid., p. 286.
27 “trying to”: Neal, Dark Horse, p. 213.
28 “It is just”: Welky, Moguls and the Dictators, p. 299.
29 “put his clients”: Ibid., p. 300.
30 “bigotry, race”: Ibid., p. 302.
31 “It is a”: Ibid., p. 303.
32 “Have you seen”: Ibid.
33 “like a censor”: Clayton R. Koppes and Gregory D. Black, Hollywood Goes to War: How Politics, Profits and Propaganda Shaped World War II Movies (London: Tauris, 1988), p. 44.
34 “a frontal attack”: Welky, Moguls and the Dictators, p. 298.
35 “Do they want”: Ibid., p. 308.
36 “Certain aspects”: Ibid., p. 309.
37 “political coming”: Ibid., p. 329.
CHAPTER 24: “SETTING THE GROUND FOR ANTI-SEMITISM”
1 “There were many”: Eisenhower, Special People, p. 136.
2 “His actions”: Undated Ickes memo to FDR, Stephen Early papers, FDRPL.
3 “the Knight of”: Mosley, Lindbergh, p. 294.
4 “ex-Colonel”: New York Times, July 15, 1941.
5 “full of lies”: Anne Lindbergh, War Within and Without, p. 210.
6 “Nothing is to”: Charles Lindbergh, Wartime Journals, p. 518.
7 “Mr. President”: Mosley, Lindbergh, p. 295.
8 “squeal”: Ickes, Secret Diary, p. 581.
9 “For the first”: Ibid., p. 582.
10 “Free speech”: Omaha Morning World Herald editorial, Friday, July 18, 1941, President’s Official File, FDRPL.
11 “we have a”: Miles Hart letter to Ickes, July 5, 1941, Ickes papers, LC.
12 “powerful elements”: Cole, Lindbergh, p. 158.
13 “practically inevitable”: Ibid.
14 “war agitators”: Ibid., p. 160.
15 “would be”: Ibid., p. 171.
16 “Tolerance is”: Ibid.
17 “both races”: Ibid., p. 172.
18 “black gloom”: Anne Lindbergh, War Within and Without, p. 220.
19 “segregating them”: Ibid., p. 223.
20 “Jew-baiting”: Ibid., p. 224.
21 “I have never”: Ibid., p. 227.
22 “at best unconsciously”: Ibid., p. 221.
23 “shaken by”: Ibid., p. 224.
24 “the terrible row”: Herrmann, Anne Morrow Lindbergh, p. 322.
25 “I would rather”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 642.
26 “a bloody revolution”: William Castle diary, Aug. 11, 1941, HL.
27 “A few Jews”: Berg, Lindbergh, p. 386.
28 “end with their”: Herrmann, Anne Morrow Lindbergh, p. 235.
29 “You have to”: Bendersky, “Jewish Threat,” p. 273.
30 “Economic hardship”: Forster, Square One, p. 38.
31 “I don’t often”: Castle diary, Jan. 29, 1939, Castle papers, HL.
32 “subliminal anti-Semitism”: Kabaservice, Guardians, p. 66.
33 “An all-too-large group”: Ibid.
34 “I am afraid”: Castle diary, Jan. 30, 1940, Castle papers, HL.
35 “The Jewish group”: Berle diary, Oct. 11, 1940, Berle papers, FDRPL.
36 “Only in that”: Bendersky, “Jewish Threat,” p. 250.
37 “suspect or distasteful”: Ibid., p. 238.
38 “did everything”: Ibid., p. 274.
39 “open and almost”: Ward, First-Class Temperament, p. 59.
40 “had a way”: Watkins, Righteous Pilgrim, p. 661.
41 “Leo, you know”: Ward, First-Class Temperament, p. 255.
42 “to exercise”: New York Times, Dec. 13, 1938.
43 “Jews in the”: Henry Hardy, ed., Isaiah Berlin: Letters 1928–1946 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), p. 375.
44 “even leading”: Forster, Square One, p. 52.
45 “with conditions”: Kennedy, Freedom from Fear, p. 415.
46 “The American”: Perret, Days of Sadness, p. 97.
47 “FDR failed Jews”: Forster, Square One, p. 51.
48 “far-sighted”: Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–45, Series D, Vol. 13 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 213.
49 “for the first”: Thomas E. Mahl, Desperate Deception: British Covert Operations in the United States, 1939–1944 (Washington, D.C.: Brassey’s, 1998), p. 53.
50 “public enemy”: Cole, Lindbergh, p. 160.
51 HIS MOST APPRECIATIVE AUDIENCE: Des Moines Register cartoon, Sept. 11, 1941, America First papers, HI.
52 “Newsreels”: Sarles, Story of America First, p. 67.
53 “whatever opposition”: Charles Lindbergh, Wartime Journals, p. 538.
54 “without our”: Cole, Lindbergh, p. 162.
55 “using war”: Ibid., p. 187.
56 “the storm is”: Anne Lindbergh, War Within and Withou
t, p. 225.
57 “Rarely has”: Cole, Lindbergh, p. 173.
58 “the dark forces”: Ibid., p. 174.
59 “Spreading the Lovely”: Minear, Dr. Seuss Goes to War, p. 21.
60 “the most dangerous”: Berg, Lindbergh, p. 428.
61 “intemperate and”: Cole, Lindbergh, p. 177.
62 “impropriety”: Ibid.
63 “the most un-American”: Berg, Lindbergh, p. 428.
64 “a striking similarity”: Cole, Lindbergh, p. 175.
65 “done more to”: Ibid., p. 178.
66 “deep disagreement”: Ibid.
67 “Didn’t our friend”: Herrmann, Anne Morrow Lindbergh, pp. 262–63.
68 “There are no”: Sarles, Story of America First, p. xxxiii.
69 “stupid”: Welky, Moguls and the Dictators, p. 307.
70 “the heart of”: Unsigned memo, Sept. 19, 1941, America First papers, HI.
71 “the mud-slingers”: Sarles, Story of America First, p. xxxiii.
72 “was not as”: Ibid.
73 “one hundred”: Ibid., p. 58.
74 “exclusive social”: Cole, Lindbergh, pp. 181–82.
75 “We need thousands”: Ibid., p. 176.
76 “Isn’t it strange”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 642.
77 “I cannot blame”: Eisenhower, Special People, p. 136.
78 “I can still”: Reeve Lindbergh, Under a Wing, p. 214.
79 “so many”: Ibid.
80 “repellent and”: Ibid., p. 203.
81 “Did he really”: Ibid., p. 202.
82 “identifying a situation”: Ibid., p. 215.
83 “If he had”: Ibid., p. 216.
84 “I consider the”: Paton-Walsh, Our War Too, p. 186.
85 “desperately that we”: Ibid., p. 187.
86 “ ‘War Monger’ ”: Ibid.
CHAPTER 25: “HE WAS NOT GOING TO LEAD THE COUNTRY INTO WAR”
1 “The opponents to”: Bradford W. Wright, Comic Book Nation: The Transformation of Youth Culture in America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003), p. 36.
2 “middle of the”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 622.
3 “to carry the war”: Ibid.
4 “conservative about”: Life, May 26, 1941.
5 “I would hate”: Ibid.
6 “defeating Nazism”: Cull, Selling War, p. 185.
7 “The Isolationists”: Ibid.
8 “grown men”: Perret, Days of Sadness, p. 191.
9 “fired first upon”: Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War, p. 745.
10 “piracy”: Ibid.
11 “forthright in saying”: Goodhart, Fifty Ships, p. 198.
12 “Please accept”: David Fairbank White, Bitter Ocean: The Battle of the Atlantic, 1939–1945 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), p. 134.
13 “[W]e have waited”: Rachel S. Cox, Into Dust and Fire: Five Young Americans Who Went First to Fight the Nazi Army (New York: New American Library, 2012), p. 9.
14 “Every American”: Olson, Citizens of London, p. 132.
15 “the people speak”: Life, Nov. 24, 1941.
16 “in the face”: Perret, Days of Sadness, p. 171.
17 “look for”: Davis, FDR: The War President, p. 274.
18 “waited for”: Ibid., p. 324.
19 “a piece of”: Neal, Dark Horse, p. 213.
20 “pursuing its usual”: Ibid., p. 214.
21 “the United States”: Ibid., p. 215.
22 “to wipe the”: Life, Nov. 3, 1941.
23 “an engraved”: Cole, America First, p. 163.
24 “The Crisis Is”: Cole, Roosevelt and the Isolationists, p. 451.
25 “undoubtedly reliable”: Persico, Roosevelt’s Secret War, p. 127.
26 “forgeries of”: Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–45, Series D, Vol. 13 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 724.
27 “British intelligence”: Cull, Selling War, p. 173.
28 “The feeling that”: Stimson diary, Nov. 13, 1941, FDRPL.
29 “You men who”: Cole, Roosevelt and the Isolationists, p. 452.
30 “Tragic indifference”: Claude Denson Pepper, Pepper: Eyewitness to a Century (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1987), p. 107.
31 “this old tin can”: Life, Nov. 17, 1941.
32 “I think the”: Life, Nov. 10, 1941.
33 “it was simply”: Ickes, Secret Diary, p. 650.
34 “The Navy is”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 606.
35 “Tell me”: Snow, Measureless Peril, p. 141.
36 “Nothing is more”: Olson, Citizens of London, p. 140.
37 “juggler”: Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, p. 137.
38 “he had no”: Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 383.
39 “the awful picture”: Ibid., p. 429.
40 “whatever the peril”: Ibid., p. 299.
41 “the last thing”: Samuel and Dorothy Rosenman, Presidential Style, p. 384.
42 “a great confidence”: Jackson, That Man, p. 106.
43 “the historians who”: Agar, Darkest Year, p. 168.
44 “baby the Japs”: Olson, Citizens of London, p. 138.
CHAPTER 26: “THE GREATEST SCOOP IN HISTORY”
1 “There seems to”: Life, March 3, 1941.
2 “Let there be”: Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War, p. 652.
3 “the noose is”: Ibid.
4 “No one worried”: Life, Dec. 8, 1941.
5 FDR’S SECRET WAR PLANS: Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, p. 160.
6 “final supreme effort”: Ibid., p. 161.
7 “represents decisions”: Gies, Colonel of Chicago, p. 189.
8 “never been constituted”: Wheeler, Yankee from the West, p. 35.
9 “What do you”: Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, p. 161.
10 “This is a”: Burns, Soldier of Freedom, p. 84.
11 “First the President”: Pogue, Ordeal and Hope, pp. 156–57.
12 “overall production”: FDR to Stimson, July 9, 1941, President’s Secretary’s File, FDRPL.
13 “the planner of”: Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports!, p. 14.
14 “come to see Germany”: Ibid., p. 10.
15 “worldwide Communist conspiracy”: Ibid.
16 “the German search”: Ibid.
17 “a national movement”: Bendersky, “Jewish Threat,” p. 232.
18 “some of my fellow”: Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports!, p. 41.
19 “It was my”: Ibid.
20 “one of the most”: Eric Larrabee, Commander in Chief: Franklin D. Roosevelt, His Lieutenants, and Their War (New York: Harper & Row, 1987), p. 121.
21 “complete military”: Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War, p. 739.
22 “Ultimate victory”: Kennedy, Freedom from Fear, p. 487.
23 “revolutionized our”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 629.
24 “He was afraid”: Stimson diary, Sept. 25, 1941, FDRPL.
25 “Well, we”: Richard Norton Smith, Colonel, p. 410.
26 “the last great”: Ibid., p. 414.
27 “Chicago Needs”: Schneider, Should America Go to War?, p. 168.
28 “Billions for defense”: Ibid.
29 “Godless Communists”: Ritchie, Reporting from Washington, p. 10.
30 “the greatest scoop”: Richard Norton Smith, Colonel, p. xxi.
31 “the sort of”: Doenecke, In Danger Undaunted, p. 36.
32 “Nothing more”: Stimson diary, Dec. 4 1941, FDRPL.
33 “get rid of”: Ibid.
34 “to print the”: Gies, Colonel of Chicago, p. 192.
35 “had never seen”: Trohan, Political Animals, p. 171.
36 “I could not”: Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports!, p. 16.
37 “descended upon me”: Wedemeyer to Chesly Manly, Aug. 22, 1957, Wedemeyer papers, HI.
38 “He is reported”: FBI report on Victory Program leak, Wedemeyer papers, HI.
39 “I respect him”: Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports!, p. 40.
4
0 “gigantic American”: Wheeler, Yankee from the West, p. 32.
41 “document”: Ibid.
42 “what was in”: Ibid.
43 “made available”: Murray Green interview with Wedemeyer, Green papers, AFA.
44 “second only”: Richard Norton Smith, Colonel, p. 415.
45 “There was a”: Murray Green interview with Wedemeyer, Green papers, AFA.
46 “whole effort was”: Stimson, On Active Service, p. 355.
47 “would fight”: Murray Green interview with Wedemeyer, Green papers, AFA.
48 “a general of”: Thomas Fleming, The New Dealers’ War: FDR and the War Within World War II (New York: Basic, 2001), p. 27.
49 “When we got”: Ibid., p. 28.
50 “thrown gasoline”: Ibid.
51 “This means”: Olson, Citizens of London, p. 143.
52 “the inherent possibilities”: Berg, Lindbergh, pp. 555–56.
CHAPTER 27: “LET’S LICK HELL OUT OF THEM”
1 “an era came”: Schlesinger, A Life in the Twentieth Century, p. 261.
2 “the boldest interventionists”: Childs, I Write from Washington, p. 242.
3 “very strained”: Ward, First-Class Temperament, p. 591.
4 “deeply shaken”: Biddle, In Brief Authority, p. 206.
5 “How did they”: Ibid.
6 “who had been”: Stimson diary, Dec. 7, 1941, FDRPL.
7 “Destroyed on”: Olson, Citizens of London, p. 146.
8 “We have been”: Davis, Hero, p. 555.
9 “The Japanese”: Cull, Selling War, p. 187.
10 “All of us”: Gies, Colonel of Chicago, p. 194.
11 “This time”: Ibid.
12 “Let’s lick”: Wheeler, Yankee from the West, p. 36.
13 “The time for”: Cole, Roosevelt and the Isolationists, p. 504.
14 “I just remember”: Sarles, Story of America First, p. 215.
15 “the worst news”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 783.
16 “If they”: Olson, Citizens of London, p. 143.
17 “The news has”: Ibid., p. 144.
18 “We shall”: Ibid.
19 “a lingering distinction”: Robert Dallek, Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932–1945 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 312.
20 “date which will”: Burns, Soldier of Freedom, p. 165.
21 “Mr. Speaker”: Hardeman and Bacon, Rayburn, p. 276.
22 “It seemed”: Childs, I Write from Washington, p. 244.
23 “Germany, of course”: Langer and Gleason, Undeclared War, p. 910.
24 “the turning point”: Ketchum, Borrowed Years, p. 791.
25 “At last”: Manchester, Glory and the Dream, p. 260.