accusations against, 34
administration of husband’s tavern/estate, 31–32, 33–34, 36, 37
death, 39
John (Narragansett Indian) and, 30
marriage/children, 30
Hollingworth, Mary. See English, Mary
Hollingworth, William, 29, 30
House of Seven Gables (Hawthorne), 385–386
Hubbard, Elizabeth
afflictions/accusations, 103, 105, 106, 109, 111–112, 123, 127, 153, 281, 322, 324
“wolf” chasing her, 105, 112, 123, 157, 255
Hutchinson, Ann, 8–9
Hysteria, clinical (conversion disorder), 95–96
Immigrants to New England
bondservants/indentured servants, 32, 38
Jersey immigrants, 32, 35, 38, 72
See also specific individuals
Infanticide, 219, 362–363
Ingersoll, Nathaniel, 151, 199, 230, 240, 257, 259, 358
Ireson, Mary, 210, 242–243
Jacobs, George, Sr.
accusations against/response, 147, 186, 187, 188, 193, 198, 279, 293, 305–306, 307
background, 186, 250
Jacobs, Margaret
accusations/confession by, 186, 187, 188, 190, 191, 194, 198, 207, 240
recantation, 240–241, 293, 305–306, 353
Jails
Boston jail description, 118
conditions, 346–347
fees and, 288, 327, 336, 355, 365, 393, 394
Mather (Increase)/Brattle visiting prisoners, 336–337
releases/bail (starting October 1692), 335, 336, 342, 346–347, 348, 353
Salem jail description, 115
See also Arnold, John/Mary; Dounton, William; specific individuals
James I, King of England, 6
James II, King of England, 14, 39
James (Indian), 43
John Indian
afflictions/accusations, 151, 152, 153, 155, 157–158, 171, 172, 175–176, 180, 202, 203, 204, 210, 213, 215, 216, 370
Parris household (1693), 351
Tituba and, 70, 72, 102, 106, 107, 140, 290
witch-cake and, 102, 106, 140
Judges
Saltonstall resigning from witch trials, 43, 253
See also specific individuals; Witch trials
Lacey, Mary, Sr./Jr., 283, 284, 285, 317, 335, 337–338, 356
Laws
against fortune-telling/juggling (1692), 338
attainders reversal, 374, 375–377, 395–396
capital crimes, 342
defining witchcraft (1692), 347–348
end of witchcraft laws and, 348, 374
Lawson, Deodat, Reverend
as minister/“witchcraft” and, 127–128, 131, 132–133, 134, 139–140, 143, 197
wife/child’s death, 117, 127–128, 140, 164
Lewis, Mercy
afflictions/accusations, 122, 126, 127, 144, 150, 152, 170, 182–183, 206, 208–209, 281, 295, 344–345, 354, 355
background, 122
Lord’s Prayer test, 205
Mather, Cotton, 67, 69, 96, 231, 232, 234, 252, 257, 295, 306, 307, 311–312, 334, 335–336, 370
Mather, Increase, Reverend, 201, 297, 312, 334, 335, 336–337, 370
Militia duty and hiring replacement, 15
Moody, Joshua, Reverend, 308–309, 310
More Wonders of the Invisible World (Calef), 393
Morrell, Isaac, 40, 72–73
Mosher, George, 72–73
Native Americans
Abenaki, 39–40, 60
frontier raids and, 14, 39–40, 60, 72, 74, 81, 83, 96–97, 100, 252, 387
Mohegans and, 48–49
Narragansetts and, 30, 48–49
as servants, 39
See also specific individuals
Nimrod (Indian), 30
Noyes, Nicholas, Reverend, 59, 72, 80, 81, 89, 90, 133, 147, 165, 168, 179, 187, 192, 213, 216, 228, 265–266, 279, 305, 329
Nurse family and Rebecca
church and, 253, 342, 358–359, 377
church membership restoration, 377
defense, 142–144, 145, 170–172, 221, 238–239, 245–246, 254–255, 258–260, 261–262, 264
exoneration, 373–374, 375–377
memorial, 377–378
Parris and, 253, 342, 351, 358–362, 369–370, 371–372, 373, 374, 387
reparation, 375, 377
See also specific family members
Nurse, Francis
background/legal matters and, 9, 10, 12–13, 14
farm/house and, 12–14, 327
Village committee/self-rule, 91
wife’s arrest/trial and, 172, 218–219, 239, 245, 246, 259, 264, 270–272, 275–276
See also Nurse family and Rebecca
Nurse, Rebecca
children, 9, 10, 14–15
church, 89–90, 237–238
garden damage/Holten (neighbor) and, 14
health/not visiting afflicted and, 90, 105, 123, 130, 138
overview life/times (before 1692), 3–15
Rebecca Nurse Memorial Association, 378
wedding, 9
Nurse, Rebecca/childhood
church/Puritanism and, 5, 6, 8, 10, 264
in Great Yarmouth, 3–5, 7
in New England/family members, 7–9
parents/siblings, 3–5, 7–8
Nurse, Rebecca/“witchcraft”
accusations against, 126–127, 128, 129–130, 131–133, 144, 156, 169–170
arrest, questioning, “victim” afflictions, 133–139, 227
burial, 280–281
excommunication from church, 264–266
jail, 141, 153, 155
sentence/hanging, 273–274, 277–280
trial/verdicts, 259–261, 262
Nurse, Samuel
background, 9, 14–15, 253
clearing mother’s name/reparation, 375, 377, 391
Parris/church and, 253, 358, 359–360, 361, 369–370, 371–372, 373, 374
See also Nurse family and Rebecca
Osborn, Sarah
accusations against, 77, 106, 111, 112, 113, 116, 169–170
arrest/hearings, 108–109, 115–116, 117
jail, 115, 118, 119, 188
Parker, Alice
accusations/arrest, 23, 147, 190–192, 193–194, 293
fits of catalepsy, 78, 91
trial/hanging, 319–322, 328, 329
Warren and, 76, 77–78, 79, 190–192, 315, 318–319, 321–322
Parris, Betty/Abigail Williams afflictions
accusing Tituba, 104–105, 106–107
afflictions description, 87, 92, 103, 107, 109
cause and, 92, 95, 101–102
fortune-telling and, 93–94, 95–96
remedies and, 92
Sibley/anti-witch cake, 102–103, 104, 140, 144
Parris, Elizabeth (Eldridge), 69, 70
Parris, Samuel
apology, 370
background, 66–67
leaving Salem ministry, 373
as minister, 67, 69–70, 71–72, 87–89, 96, 142–143, 275, 298, 335
Nurse family and, 253, 342, 351, 358–362, 369–370, 371–372, 373, 374, 387
opposition/support, 370–372
sending daughter away, 127
supporting witch trials and, 275, 298, 351–352, 372
Tituba/other slaves, 66–67, 68, 69, 70, 74, 87, 351
Petitions for accused, 218–219, 239, 254–255, 260, 269, 271, 272, 276, 285–286, 287–288, 294, 298, 323, 325–326, 336, 338, 346–347, 352–353
Phips, William, 72, 252, 271–272, 273, 286, 300–301, 310, 311, 341–342, 348, 357, 362, 363, 375–376, 381
Plagues, 5, 10
Pope, Bethshua, 120, 121, 127, 128, 129, 134–135, 137, 154, 157–158
Poppets, 23, 189, 191, 231, 235, 244, 268, 324
Porter, Jonathan and Eunice, 10
Procter, Elizabeth
accusations, arrests, jail, 142, 145, 146, 1
52, 153, 293, 295, 341
after witch trials, 395–396
Warren and, 75–76, 79, 80, 81–82, 134, 142
Procter, Elizabeth/John
confiscated property, 302–304, 350
Warren’s testimony against, 82, 142, 163, 166–167, 189, 291–292, 293–294
Procter, John
arrest/jail, 154, 155, 322
background/marriages, 79
Procter, John (continued)
beating Warren, 124–125, 134, 141–142
liquor license/problems, 79–80, 81–82
verdict/hanging, 306–307, 308
Warren and, 75–76, 79, 80, 81–82, 141–142
will, 292–293
Procter, William, 211, 217–218
Public fast days, 338–339, 348–349, 372, 389
Pudeator, Ann, 186, 189, 190, 193–194, 200, 208, 266–267, 318, 322, 328
Puritans
clothing dyes and, 26
in England/criticism, 5, 6–7, 10
See also specific individuals
Putnam, Ann
after witch trials, 386, 387, 389, 390
birth/childhood, 42–43, 45, 48
Bradburys and, 45–46, 50–51, 60, 211, 244, 253, 267, 269, 287, 325–326
cause against witches, 174, 201, 268, 277, 279–280, 298, 324–325, 340–341, 344–345
child’s death (Sarah), 41–42, 60
Corey, Martha and, 119, 120–122, 126, 127, 128–129
marriage/children, 41–42, 49, 50, 52, 56, 60, 61, 126, 340–341, 387
Nurse, Rebecca and, 101, 126–127, 129–130, 131–133, 156, 224–225, 268, 272–273
overview life/times (before 1692), 41–61
parents/family, 42–43, 45–48
Salem Village Church and, 61, 88–89
Putnam, Annie
apology, 374, 391–392
joining church, 374, 391, 392
life after witch trials, 374, 391–392
Putnam, Annie/afflictions
afflictions/accusations, 103, 105–106, 109, 113, 120, 126, 154, 173, 180–182, 204, 211, 215, 267, 318–319, 341, 344–345
Corey, Martha and, 119, 120, 127, 128–129
Good, Sarah and, 105, 255
Nurse, Rebecca and, 179–180, 238
Procter, Elizabeth and, 120
Putnam family
background, 49
conflict over estate, 53–59
conflict over ministers, 49–50, 51–53, 56–57
Putnam, Thomas
after witch trials, 386–390
mother/will, 387–389
witchcraft accounts/complaints, 106, 165, 174–175, 179, 181, 183, 184, 202, 209, 211–212, 225, 226, 230, 238, 267, 389
See also Putnam family; specific family members
Quakers (Society of Friends), 9–10, 195
Racism. See Slavery/slaves; War
Rebecca Nurse Memorial Association, 378
Recantations, 234, 240–241, 293, 305–306, 337, 353, 354, 356
Religion
Christian view of spirit world, 70–71
conflict over ministers/pay (Salem), 49–50, 51–53, 56–57, 60, 71, 74–75, 96, 370–372, 386–387
French, 32
Glorious Revolution, England, 14, 39
Jersey immigrants to New England, 32
lectures, 18–19
Netherlands, 6
proper membership, 8–9
See also specific individuals; specific sects
Religion (England)
Book of Sports, 6–7
national Church of England, 6
seventeenth century, 5–7
sixteenth century, 4
Reparations, 374–377
Reputation importance (1600s), 18, 19
Richards, John, 231, 349, 362, 363, 370
Saltonstall, Nathaniel, 43, 231, 253
Self-rule and Salem Village, 91
Servants
description, 73
indentured servants/bondservants, 8, 32, 38, 73, 363
See also Slavery/slaves; specific individuals
Sewall, Samuel, 338–339, 349, 362, 363, 372, 374, 390
Shattuck, Sarah/Samuel and son, 21–22, 23, 99, 321
Sheldon, Susanna, 174–175, 183–184, 185, 202, 204, 205, 212, 215, 217
Sibley, Mary, 102–103, 104, 140, 144, 338
Slavery/slaves
Barbados/Parris, 66–67
Candy (accused slave), 68, 267–268, 289, 342
fieldwork vs. domestic work, 65
frontier raids and, 40
Grace, 219, 362–363
“Indian” term and, 68
masters “correcting” servants, 117
native Algonquians, 68
numbers in Massachusetts/West Indies, 73–74
planned slave revolt (Barbados 1675), 67
plantation life, 64–65
possible revolt/attack (1690), 72–73
relationship/risks to masters, 73
slave death of lead poisoning/burial, 71
slaving raids, 62–64, 66
See also John Indian; Tituba
Slavery term described, 73
Smallpox, 29, 40, 60, 67, 77
Soames, Abigail, 194–199
Society of Friends (Quakers), 9–10, 195
Stacey, William/Thomas, 19–20, 24–26
Status. See specific individuals; Women’s status
Stoughton, William
Phips and, 272, 341–342, 357, 363, 381
trials/accused and, 228, 231, 236, 245, 249, 252, 261, 272, 273–274, 286, 296, 333, 335, 336, 341, 349, 350, 354, 356, 357–358, 362–363, 364, 381
Tarbell, Jonathan
Parris/church and, 342, 351, 358, 359, 361, 369–370, 372, 373, 387
See also Nurse family and Rebecca
Tavern, unlicensed tavern/Bishops, 169, 335, 343, 380
Tituba
capture/slavery, 62–64, 65–66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 74
life after witch trials, 392–394
name variations, 66, 67–68
overview life/times (before 1692), 62–75
Parris family and, 66–67, 68, 69, 70, 74, 87
speculations on, 65–66, 67–69, 70, 394
Tituba/“witchcraft”
accusations against, 104–105, 106–107
accusing others, 111, 112, 113, 116
arrest/hearings, 108–114, 116–118, 219, 220
jail, 115, 118, 119, 347
as repentant witch, 119, 222, 262, 364, 392
as slave, 110–111, 365
Tituba/“witchcraft” (continued)
trial/denying her accusations, 364–365
Toothaker, Roger/Mary and family, 94, 203, 207, 210, 212, 217, 242, 285, 286
Touch test, 197, 202–203, 210, 216, 242, 324
Towne, Edmund, 5, 8
Towne, Joanna, 5, 6, 8, 10–11, 14, 43, 156
Towne, Rebecca. See Nurse, Rebecca
Towne, William, 4, 8, 9, 11, 13, 43
Venus Glass fortune-telling, 93–94, 335
Walcott, Mary, 134–135, 136, 141, 152, 153, 156, 159, 170, 172, 175, 181, 184, 186, 188, 189, 199, 200–201, 208, 211–212, 213, 217
War
frontier raids (French/native forces), 14, 39–40, 60, 72, 74, 81, 83, 96–97, 100, 252, 387
King Philip’s War/native people, 12, 48, 77
Wardwell, Samuel, 94, 316, 317, 318, 328, 329, 331, 354, 373
Wardwell, Sarah, 316, 354, 356, 373, 374
Warren, Mary
after trials, 394–395, 396, 397
background/speculations on, 77–78, 89
as hired girl, 75–76, 79, 80–83, 155
overview life/times (before 1692), 75–83
parents/sister and, 76, 77–78
Parker and, 76, 77–78, 79, 190–194, 315, 318–319, 321–322
Procter, Elizabeth and, 75–76, 79, 80, 81–82, 134, 142
Warren, Mary/“witchcraft”
afflictions/accusations, 123, 154, 156
, 157–158, 162–164, 165–168, 177–178, 187, 189–199, 204, 205, 207–208, 209, 210, 215, 241, 242, 243, 244, 266, 267, 282–283, 284, 305, 316–318, 322, 324
cause/end of afflictions, 149–151
notice board note/consequences, 149–151
Procter, John beatings and, 124–125, 134, 141–142
Procters watching, 146, 150, 151, 152
testimony against Procters, 82, 123, 142, 163, 166–167, 189, 291–292, 293–294
White witchcraft, 71, 338
Wildes, Sarah, 165, 169, 170, 172, 178, 194
Wilkins, Daniel, 179, 200–202, 239–240, 246
Willard, John
accusations against, 173–174, 175, 187, 188, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203–206, 207, 208, 237, 306
exoneration, 377
as fugitive, 187–188, 200
trial/verdict, 226, 237, 239–241, 242, 257–258, 293, 295, 305–307, 308, 309, 310–311, 377
Willard, Samuel, Reverend, 309, 310–311, 335, 370, 372
William the Conqueror, 32
Williams, Abigail
afflictions, 146–147, 154, 352
See also Parris, Betty/Abigail Williams afflictions
Winthrop, Wait-Still, 349, 354, 372, 390
Witch-marks, 226–227, 319
Witch trials
Bishop, Bridget example, 227–237
jurors/proceedings (1693), 352–358
not guilty/not enough evidence findings (1693), 353, 354, 355–356
punishment/torture and, 285
transferring prisoners to Salem, 221–223, 227
uncertainty/opposition following September (1692) hangings, 333–340, 342–343, 353, 354, 355–356
See also specific individuals
Witch trials, England, 348
Witchcraft
beliefs on, 78
as capital crime, 118
cunning folk, 71, 79, 93, 94–95
healing skills and, 79, 94–95
law defining (1692), 347–348
See also Folk magic
Witchcraft at Salem (Hansen), 124
Women’s status
husband’s status and, 83, 93
inheritance/property and, 23, 37, 54
insulting spouse and, 16, 18
witchcraft gender bias, 9, 106
Wonders of the Invisible World (Cotton Mather), 231
Wroth, Peter, 63, 66, 6
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2013 by Marilynne K. Roach
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