The Black Death
Page 36
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About the Author
Philip Ziegler (born 1929) is one of Britain’s most distinguished biographers and historians. His works include biographies of Diana Cooper, Lord Melbourne (both to be reissued in Faber Finds), Mountbatten, Harold Wilson and Osbert Sitwell.
Copyright
This ebook edition first published in 2012
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© Philip Ziegler, 1969, 1998
Historiography © Colin Platt, 1998
The right of Philip Ziegler to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with Section 77 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
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ISBN 978–0–571–28711–6
Footnotes
1
For this and subsequent extracts from The Canterbury Tales I append as a footnote Professor Coghill’s admirable rendering published by Penguin Books.
Water in rubefaction; bullock’s gall,
Arsenic, brimstone, sal ammoniac,
And herbs that I could mention by the sack,
Moonwort, valerian, agrimony and such.
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2
God’s blessing on you, Doctor, not forgetting
Your various urinals and chamber pots,
Bottles, medicaments and cordial tots
And boxes brimming all with panaceas.
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3
…supported by the Crown
For the foul lucre of their usury,
Hateful to Christ and all his company.
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4
A holy-minded man of good renown
There was, and poor, the Parson to the town…
…He did not set his benefice to hire
And leave his sheep encumbered in the mire
Or run to London to earn easy bread
By singing masses for the wealthy dead,
Or find some Brotherhood and get enrolled.
He stayed at home and watched over his fold.
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5
…a poor old widow
In a small cottage by a little meadow…
Three hefty sows, no more, were all her showing,
Three cows as well; there was a sheep called Molly,
Sooty her hall, her kitchen melancholy,
And there she ate full many a slender meal…
She drank no wine, nor white nor red had got,
Her board was mostly served with white and black;
Milk and brown bread; in which she found no lack;
Broiled bacon or an egg or two were common,
She was, in fact, a sort of dairy woman…
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6
For Holy Church’s goods should be expended
On Holy Church’s blood, so well descended
And holy blood should have what’s proper to it
Though Holy Church should be devoured to do it!
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Sources
1
1 J. F. C. Hecker, The Epidemics of the Middle Ages, (Trad. B. G. Babington) London, 1859, p.11. Cf. Abbé des Guignes, Histoire des Huns, Paris, 1757.
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2
2 Voyages de Ibn-Batoutah, Société Asiatique, Paris, 1853.
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3
3 De Smet, ‘Breve Chronicon clerici anonymi’, Recueil des Chroniquesde Flandres, Vol. III, p.14.
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4 Storie Pistoresi, Muratori 11, V. p.237.
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5
5 Chronicon Estense, Muratori 15, III, p.160.
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6
6 Hecker, op. cit., p.21.
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7 Haeser, Archiv für die gesamte Medizin, Jena, Vol. II, p.29.
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8 A. G. Tononi, ‘La Peste dell’ Anno 1348’, Giornale Ligustico, Genoa, Vol X, 1883, p.139.
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9 G. Vernadsky, The Mongols and Russia, Yale, 1959.
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10 Haeser, op. cit., Vol. II, pp.48–9.
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11
11 C. S. Bartsocas, ‘Two 14th Century Greek Descriptions of the “Black Death”’, Journ. Hist. Med., Vol. XXI, No. 4, 1966, p.395.
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12
12 Chronicon Estense, op. cit., p. 160.
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13
13 De Smet, op. cit., Vol. III, pp. 14–15.
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14
14 S. d’Irsay, ‘Notes to the Origin of the Expression: Atra Mors’, Isis, Vol. 8, 1926, p.328.
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15
15 R. Kjennerud, Journal of the History of Medicine, Vol. III, 1948, P.359.
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16
16 Gasquet, The Black Death, London, 1908, p.8.
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17
17 J. Michon, Documents inédits sur la Grande Peste de 1348, Paris, 1860, p.11.
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18
18 J. Nohl, Der Schwarze Tod, Potsdam, 1924, p.11.
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19
19 Boccaccio, Decameron, Trans. J.M. Rigg, London, 1930, p.5.
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20
20 e.g. Lechner, Das grosse Sterben, p.15; or plague tractates of Ibn Khātimah or Gentile da Foligno.
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21
21 La Grande Chirurgie, ed. E. Nicaise, Paris, 1890, p. 171.
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22
22 Chronicon Galfridi le Baker, ed. E. Maunde Thompson, Oxford, 1889, p. 99.
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23
23 Simon of Covino, Bibl. de l’École des Chartes, 1840–41 Ser. I, Vol. 2, p. 241.
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24
24 J. P. Papon, De la Peste ou Époques mémorables de ce Fléau. Vol. I, p. 115.
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25
25 Ibn Khātimah, Sudhoff, Archiv für Geschichte der Medizin. Vol XIX, 1927, p. 30.
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26
26 Ibn al Khatīb, Sitzungsberichte der Königl: bayer, Munich, 1863, II, P. 1.