The Weaker Vessel: Women's Lot in Seventeenth-Century England

by Antonia Fraser

betrothals, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Betterton, Mary (Mary Saunderson), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), 531 as ‘Ianthe’ in The Siege of Rhodes, (vi); character and career, (vii); earnings, (viii)

  Betterton, Thomas, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Bideford witches, (i)

  Bilbrowe, Mary, (i)

  Billingsgate fishwives, (i)

  Birch, Elizabeth, (i)

  birth control see contraception

  Black Prince, The (Boyle), (i)

  Blacknall, Mary see Verney, Mary Lady

  Blagge, Henrietta Maria, (i)

  Blagge, Margaret see Godolphin, Margaret

  Blagrove, Anthony (father and son), (i)

  Blanchard, Robert, (i), (ii)

  Bland, John (i)

  Bland, Sarah, (i)

  Blaugdone, Barbara, (i)

  Blaykling, Ann, (i)

  Bletchingdon House, (i)

  Blount, Sir Charles, (i)

  Blount, Lady Anne, (i)

  Blount, Penelope Lady (Penelope Rich), (i)

  Blue Regiment, (i)

  Blundell, William, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Blundell, Winefrid, (i)

  Blunt, Sir Henry, (i)

  Blunt, William, (i)

  Boehme, Jacob, (i)

  Bonner, Bishop, (i)

  Book of Common Prayer, (i)

  Book of Martyrs, The (Foxe), (i)

  booksellers, female, (i)

  Boston (Massachusetts), (i), (ii)

  Bourchier, Elizabeth (Betty) see Denbigh, Countess of

  Bourgeois, Louise, (i)

  Boutel, Betty, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Bowen (Roger Fulwood’s accomplice), (i), (ii)

  Boyer, Abel, (i)

  Boyle, Lady Anne (‘adored Valerie’), (i)

  Boyle, Lady Katherine see Ranelagh, Katherine Viscountess

  Boyle, Lady Mary see Warwick, Mary Countess of

  Boyle, Robert, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Boyle, Roger see Orrery, Earl of

  Boynton, Sir Mathew, (i)

  Bracegirdle, Anne, (i)n, (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Bradstreet, Anne, (i), (ii)

  Brailsford, Mabel R., (i)n

  Brampton Bryan Castle, (i), (ii)

  Brangton, Mrs, (i)

  Brathwaite, Richard, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  breast-feeding, (i); see also wetnurses

  Brereton, Sir William, (i)

  Brett, Richard, (i)

  Bride-Bush, A (Whateley), (i)

  Bridewell prison, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Bride-Woman Counseller, The (Sprint), (i)

  Bridges, Major John, (i)

  Bridgwater, Elizabeth Countess of (Lady Elizabeth Cavendish), (i)

  Bridgwater, siege of, (i)

  Bristol, Anne Countess of (Lady Anne Russell), (i)

  Bristol, George Digby Earl of, (i)

  Bristol, (i), (ii)

  Britannia (Camden), (i)

  Brittaine, Mabel, (i)

  Brocksoppe, Joan, (i)

  Broghill, Lord see Orrery (i)st Earl of

  Bromley, Sir Rupert, (i)n

  Bromley, Sir Thomas, (i)

  Brooke, Dr Jeremy, (i)

  Brooke, Mr, (i)

  brothels (bawdy houses), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Brouckner, Henry, (i)

  Brown, Tom, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Browne, Robert, (i)

  Brownists, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Brownlow, Elizabeth, (i)

  Brownlow, Sir John, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Brownlow, Sir William, (i), (ii)

  Bruce, Lady Diana (Lady Roos), (i)

  Bryne, Albertus, (i)

  Buchanan, George, (i)

  Buckden Fen, (i)

  Buckingham, Duchess of (Lady Catherine Darnley), (i)

  Buckingham, Duchess of, wife of (i)st Duke, see Manners, Lady Catherine

  Buckingham, George Villiers (i)st Duke of: favourite of James I, (ii), (iii); role in marriage of Frances Coke and Sir John Villiers, (iv), (v); seizes Purbeck estates, (vi), (vii); favourite of Charles I, (viii), (ix); marriage to Lady Catherine Manners, (x), (xi); assassination predicted by Lady Eleanor Davies, (xii), (xiii)

  Buckingham, George Villiers (i)nd Duke of, (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Buckingham, John Sheffield (i)st Duke of (Earl of Mulgrave), (ii)

  Bullen, Thomas, (i)

  Bullock, Jane, (i)

  Bun, Mary, (i)

  Burford mutiny, (i)

  Burgoyne, Sir Roger, (i), (ii)

  Burman, Lydia, (i)

  Burnet, Bishop Gilbert, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Burton, Henry, (i), (ii)

  Burton, Robert, (i), (ii)

  Burton, Sarah, (i)

  Bushin, Betty, (i)

  businesswomen, (i), (ii); Joan Dant and women pedlars, (iii); prominence of dissenter women, (iv); examples recorded by Pepys and others, (v); Mrs Constance Pley, (vi); Bridget Bendish, (vii)

  Butler, Charlotte, (i)

  Butler, Samuel, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Butler, Mr, (i)

  Byron, Sir John, (i)

  Byron, Lady, (i)

  Byrth of Mankind, The (manual for midwives), (i)

  Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, (i)

  Calisto (masque), (i), (ii)

  Calverley, Sir Walter, (i)

  Cambridge (England), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Cambridge (Massachusetts), (i), (ii)

  Cambridge, Mayor of, (i)

  Camden, William, (i)

  camp-followers, (i), (ii)

  Campion, Goodwife, (i)

  Campion, Thomas, (i)

  Canterbury, Archbishop of, (i), (ii)

  Capel, Arthur Lord, (i)

  Care-Cloth, A (Whateley), (i)

  Care, Henry, (i)

  Carew, Anne, (i)

  Carew, John, (i)

  Carey, Philadelphia (Philadelphia Lyttelton), (i)

  Carey, Thomas, (i)

  Carisbrooke Castle, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Carlile, Joan, (i)

  Carlisle, Margaret Countess of, (i)

  Carnarvon, Elizabeth Countess of (Elizabeth Capel), (i)

  Carnarvon, Mary Countess of, (i)

  Caroline (Queen of George II), (i)

  Caroline (Queen of George IV), (i)

  Carr, Lady Anne (Countess of Bedford), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Carr, Robert see Somerset, (i)st Earl of

  Carteret, Sir George, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Cartwright, William, (i)

  Cary, Sir Lucius see Falkland, (i)nd Viscount

  Castleton, Lord, (i)

  Catherine of Braganza (Queen of Charles II), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Catherine v. Surrey, (i)

  Catholics, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); convents, (viii), (ix), (x); and Mary Ward, (xi), nuns, (xii), (xiii); and sequestration, (xiv); and ‘Popish Plot’, (xv); and birth of Old Pretender, (xvi)

  Cavendish, Lady Anne, (i)

  Cavendish, William Lord (later (i)st Duke of Devonshire), (ii)

  CCXI Sociable Letters (Newcastle), (i), (ii)

  Cecil, Lady Anne (Lady Percy), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Cecil, Lady Elizabeth, (i)

  Cecil, Lady Frances, (i)

  Cellier, Elizabeth (Elizabeth Marshall), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Cellier, Pierre, (i)

  Chaderton, William (Bishop of Lincoln), (i)

  Challinor, Francis, (i)

  Chamberlain, Doll, (i)

  Chamberlain, John, (i)

  Chamberlen, Dr Hugh, (i)

  Chamberlen, Dr Peter, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Chamberlen, Peter the Elder, (i)

  Characters of London (Lupton), (i)

  chapbooks, (i), (ii)

  Charles I, King, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii); and Frances Purbeck, (xix), (xx); and Roger Fulwood, (xxi); trial and execution of, (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii
); and Lady Eleanor Davies, (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii); and Brilliana Lady Harley, (xxxiii), 216–17; and Jane Whorwood, (xxxiv); and escape of James Duke of York, (xxxv); issues proclamation against depravity of army, (xxxvi)

  Charles II, King, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv); Battle of Worcester, (xv), (xvi), (xvii); his mistresses, (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv); and Lady Eleanor Davies, (xxvi); appearance, (xxvii); Restoration, (xxviii); on love and marriage, (xxix); at wedding of Mary of York, (xxx); and Rye House Plot, (xxxi)&n; at divorce hearing of Lord and Lady Roos, (xxxii); and Catherine of Braganza, (xxxiii); and education, (xxxiv); and Elizabeth Hooton and the Quakers, (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii); and navy, (xxxviii); visits Henry Cromwell, (xxxix); on mistresses of Duke of York, (xl); death of, (xli); and Nell Gwynn, (xlii), (xliii); and the theatre, (xliv), (xlv), (xlvi), (xlvii); birth, (xlviii); and ‘Popish Plot’, (xlix); and Meal-Tub Plot, (l)

  Charles James, Prince (son of Charles I), (i)

  Chartley Manor, (i)

  Chattox, Anne, (i)

  Chaucer, Geoffrey, (i), (ii)

  Cheke, Essex (Countess of Manchester), (i), (ii)

  Chelmsford witches, the, (i), (ii)

  Chester, (i)

  Chesterfield, Philip Stanhope (i)nd Earl of, (ii)

  Chesterfield, Elizabeth Countesss of, (i), (ii)

  Chevers, Sarah, (i)

  Chidley, Katherine, (i), (ii)

  Chidley, Samuel, (i), (ii)

  Child, Elizabeth (Elizabeth Wheeler), (i)

  Child, Sir Francis, (i)

  Child, Sir Josiah, (i), (ii)

  Child, Rebecca (Marchioness of Worcester), (i), (ii)

  childbirth, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); perpetual pregnancies and child mortality, (v), (vi), (vii); infertility, (viii), (ix); contraception within marriage, (x); abortion, (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv); maternal mortality, (xv), (xvi), (xvii); child mortality, (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii); breast-feeding and wet-nurses, (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi); delivery by forceps, (xxvii); natural, (xxviii); and Caesarean delivery, (xxix); see also midwives

  children, (i); illegitimacy and legal paternity, (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); marriage and parental authority, (x); universal desire for, (xi); Elizabeth Josceline’s The Mother’s Legacy to her Unborn Child, (xii), (xiii); deaths of, (xiv); and remarriage, (xv), (xvi); preference for sons, (xvii); Diggers’ views on illegitimacy, (xviii); see also education

  Choice Manuall of Rare and Select Secrets in Physick and Chirurgery, A (Countess of Kent), (i), (ii)

  Cholmley, Betty (‘little Betty’), (i)

  Cholmley, Elizabeth Lady (Elizabeth Twysden), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Cholmley, Sir Henry, (i)

  Cholmley, Sir Hugh, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Cholmley, Hugh (son), (i)

  Cholmley, William, (i)

  Chorlton, Elizabeth, (i)

  Christiansen, Wenlock, (i)

  Chronicle (Baker), (i), (ii)

  Chudleigh, Lady, (i)

  church courts: and adultery, (i); and divorce, (ii); and prostitution, (iii)

  Churchill, Arabella, (i), (ii)

  Churchill, John see Marlborough, Duke of

  Churchill, Lady, (i)

  Churchill, Sir Winston, (i)

  churching, (i)

  Cibber, Colley, (i), (ii)

  City Madam, The (Massinger), (i)

  Clarendon, Edward Hyde (i)st Earl of, (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

  ‘Clarendon Code’, the, (i)

  Clark, Alice, (i)

  Clarke, Elizabeth, (i)

  Clarke, Sir Francis, (i)

  ‘Clarke, Mr’ (‘she-soldier’), (i)

  Clarke, Samuel, (i), (ii)

  Clarkson, Laurence, (i)

  Claydon, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Claypole, John, (i)

  Cleaver, Robert, (i)

  Clendon, Thomas, (i)

  Cleveland, Duchess of (Barbara Villiers), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Clifford, Lady Anne (Countess of Dorset and Countess of Pembroke and Montgomery), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Clifton, Lady, (i)

  Clifton, Mother Francisca (Abbess of Rouen), (i)

  Clinch, Hester, (i)

  ‘Cloris’ Charms’ (Killigrew), (i)

  Coates v. Lyle, (i)

  Cobham, Lady Elizabeth (Marchioness of Northampton), (i)

  Coke, Sir Edward, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Coke, Frances see Purbeck, Viscountess

  Coke, Lady see Hatton, Elizabeth Lady

  Coke, Lady Theophila, (i)

  Coleman, Anne, (i)

  Coleman, Dorcas, (i)

  Coleman, Edward, (i)

  Coleman, Mrs Edward, (i)

  Coleman, Nathaniel, (i)

  Coles, Alice, (i)

  Collar, Maud, (i)

  Collar, Thomas, (i)

  College of Physicians’ Directory (Culpepper), (i)

  Colyear, Sir David (Earl of Portmore), (i)

  Comber, Thomas (Dean of Durham), (i)

  Comenius, John Amos, (i)

  Commonwealth Marriage Act (1653), (i)

  Commonwealth of Ladies, The (Neville), (i)

  Compleat Midwife’s Companion, The (Sharp), (i)

  Comparison Between the Two Stages, A (Gildon), (i), (ii)

  Compter, the (prison), (i), (ii)

  Compton, Mary Lady (later Countess of Buckingham), (i), (ii)

  Compton, Sir Thomas, (i)

  Comus (Milton), (i)

  conception, (i), (ii)

  Congreve, William, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Conjugal Lewdness (Defoe), (i)

  Conjugal Love (Wilkinson), (i)

  Continuation (of Baker’s Chronicle, by Dugdale), (i), (ii)

  contraception, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); prophylactic sheath, (v); herbal preventives, (vi); coitus interruptus, (vii), (viii), (ix); breast-feeding as natural method of, (x)

  Conventicle Act (1664), (i), (ii)

  Conventicle Act (1670), (i), (ii), (iii)

  convents, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

  Conway, Anne Viscountess (Anne Finch), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Conway, Edward (i)rd Viscount (later Earl), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

  Conway, Heneage, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Cooke, Sarah, (i), (ii)

  Cooper, Anthony Ashley see Shaftesbury, Earl of

  Cope, Isabel (Countess of Holland), (i)

  Coppe, Abiezar, (i)

  Corey, Katherine, (i)

  Corfe Castle, (i), (ii); siege of, (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Cork, Richard Boyle (i)st Earl of, (ii), (iii)

  Countermine, The (Nalson), (i)

  Countess of Lincoln’s Nursery, The (Lincoln), (i)

  County Midwife’s Opusculum (Willughby), (i)

  Country Wife, The (Wycherley), (i)

  courage see women, courage of

  Court of Chancery, (i), (ii)

  Court of High Commission, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Court of Wards, (i)

  courtesans, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); see also actresses; prostitutes

  Covenant, the, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Covenanters, the, (i)

  Coventry, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Coventry, Lord Keeper of, (i)

  Coventry, Margaret, (i)

  Coventry, Sir William, (i), (ii)

  Coward, Mrs, (i)

  Cox, Sara, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Cradock, Elizabeth see Bennett, Elizabeth

  Craftes, Ellen, (i)

  Cranborne, Lord, (i), (ii)

  Crashaw, Richard, (i)

  Crathorne, Alice, (i)

  Crathorne, Thomas, (i)

  Craven, Lady, (i)

  Craven, Lady (wife of Sir William), (i)

  Craven, Sir William, (i)

  Craven, William
(i)st Earl of, (ii)

  Cresswell, Madam, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Cressy, David, (i)

  Croast, Mary, (i)

  Cromwell, Bridget (Bridget Ireton, later Bridget Fleetwood), (i)

  Cromwell, Elizabeth (Lady Protectress), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Cromwell, Frances, (i)

  Cromwell, Henry, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Cromwell, Jenny, (i)

  Cromwell, Mary (Viscountess Fauconberg), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Cromwell, Oliver, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); seeks heiress for son, (vii); and Betty Mordaunt, (viii); and Lady Eleanor Davies, (ix), (x), (xi); Civil War, (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi); as Lord Protector, (xvii), 309, (xviii); and Levellers, (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii); and John and Elizabeth Lilburne, (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv); and Fifth Monarchists and Anna Trapnel, (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx); and Bridget Bendish, (xxxi); and the theatre, (xxxii)

  Cromwell, Richard, (i), (ii)

  Crowe, Sir Sackville, (i)

  Crucifying of the World by the Cross of Christ (Baxter), (i)

  Cry for Justice, A (Lilburne), (i)

  cucking-stools, (i)

  Cudworth, Damaris see Masham, Lady

  Cudworth, Ralph, (i)

  Culling, Kate, (i)

  Culpepper, Nicholas, (i)

  Cunningham, Lady Ann, (i)

  cursing, (i), (ii)

  Cutpurse, Moll (Mary Frith), (i)

  dairy farming, women’s responsibility for, (i)

  dairymaids, (i)

  Dallison, Eliza, (i)

  Danby, Catherine Lady (Catherine Wandesford), (i)

  Danby, Sir Thomas, (i)

  Dangerfield, Thomas, (i), (ii)

  Dant, Joan, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Danvers, Sir John, (i)

  Danvers, Mrs, (i)

  Danvers, Robert see Wright, Robert

  Darnley, Lady Catherine (Duchess of Buckingham), (i)

  Darnley, James, (i), (ii)

  D’Aubigny, Seigneur, (i)

  Davenant, Lady, (i)

  Davenant, Sir William, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Davenport, Frances, (i)

  Davenport, Hester (‘Roxalana’), (i), (ii)

  Davies, Christian, (i)

  Davies, Lady Eleanor (Lady Eleanor Audeley), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Davies, Jack, (i)

  Davies, Sir John, (i), (ii)

  Davies, Lucy see Huntingdon, Lucy Countess of

  Davies, Mrs (midwife), (i)

  Davies, Captain Priamus, (i)

  Davis, Moll, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Dawse, Anne, (i)

  De Generatione Animalium (Harvey), (i)

  Deeping Fen, (i)

  Defoe, Daniel, (i), (ii)

  Dekker, Thomas, (i), (ii)

  Denbigh, Basil (i)nd Earl of (Lord Feilding), (ii), (iii)

  Denbigh, Elizabeth Countess of (Betty Bourchier), (i), (ii)

  Denbigh, Susan (‘Su’), Countess of (Susan Villiers), (i)