The Weaker Vessel: Women's Lot in Seventeenth-Century England

by Antonia Fraser

  Montagu, Lady Jemima, (i)

  Montagu, Lady, (i)

  Montagu, Ralph, (i), (ii)

  Montagu, Edward, (i), (ii)

  Moor of Venice, The, (i)

  Mordaunt, ‘Cory’, (i)

  Mordaunt, Elizabeth (Betty) Viscountess (Elizabeth Carey), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Mordaunt, George, (i)

  Mordaunt, John (i)st Viscount of Avalon, (ii)

  Mordaunt, Lady Mary (Duchess of Norfolk), (i)

  More, Henry, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  More, Sir Thomas, (i), (ii)

  Morgan, Ann, (i)

  Morrice, Sir William, (i)

  Morris, Bess, (i)

  Morrison, Lettice see Falkland, Viscountess

  Morrison, Sir Richard, (i)

  Mors, Anne, (i)

  Moseley, Humphrey, (i)

  Mothers Blessing, The (Leigh), (i)

  Mother’s Instructions (Murray), (i)

  Mothers Legacy to her Unborn Child, The (Josceline), (i), (ii)

  Moulin, Peter du, (i)

  Mulberry Garden, The (Sedley), (i)

  Mulcaster, Richard, (i)

  Mulgrave, John Sheffield (i)rd Earl of (later Duke of Buckingham), (ii)

  Mundas Muliebris (May Evelyn), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Munday, Jack, (i)

  Murillo, Bartolomé, (i)

  Murray, Anne see Halkett, Anne Lady

  Murray, William, (i), (ii)

  music see under accomplishments

  Mustapha (Orrery), (i), (ii)

  Myddleton, Althamia, (i)

  Myddleton, Charles, (i)

  Myddleton, Jane (Jane Needham), (i)

  Myddleton, Jane (daughter), (i)

  Myddleton, Sir Thomas, (i)

  Nalson, John, (i)

  Nantwich, siege of, (i), (ii)

  Napier, Richard, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Naseby, Battle of (1645), (i), (ii)

  ‘Natural and Political Observations … made upon the bills of mortality’ (Graunt), (i)

  Naylor, James, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Nedham, Marchamont, (i)

  Needham, Sir Robert, (i)

  needlework see under accomplishments

  Neville, Henry, (i)

  New England, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  New Inn, The (Jonson), (i)

  New Yeares Gift, A (Chidley), (i)

  Newbury, (i)st Battle (1643): Falkland’s death at, (ii); Sunderland’s death at, (iii)

  Newcastle, Margaret Duchess of (Margaret Lucas), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x); distrust of romantic love, (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv)&n; her infertility and views on childbirth, (xv), (xvi)&n; on women’s lack of education, (xvii), (xviii); her reputation, (xix); An Epistle to Souldiers, (xx); on Catholic nunneries, (xxi); on blondes, (xxii); on wanton women, (xxiii), (xxiv)

  Newcastle, William Cavendish (i)st Duke of, (ii), (iii)n, (iv)

  Newdigate, Anne Lady (Anne Fitton), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Newgate prison, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

  Newman, George, (i), (ii)

  Newman, Mrs, (i)

  Newton, Sir Pickering, (i)

  Nichols, John, (i)

  ‘Nocturnal Reverie’ (Winchilsea), (i)

  Noel, Lady (Lady Elizabeth Wriothesley), (i), (ii)

  Noel, Lady Catherine (Lady Roos, later Countess of Rutland), (i), (ii)

  Norfolk, Henry Howard (i)th Duke of, (ii)

  Norfolk, Henry Howard (i)th Duke of, (ii)

  Norfolk, Mary Duchess of (Lady Mary Mordaunt), (i)

  North, Sir Francis, (i)

  North Moreton witches, (i)

  Northern Horse, (i)

  Northampton, William Parr (i)st Marquess of, (ii)

  Northumberland, Algernon Percy (i)th Earl of (Lord Percy), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Northumberland, Countess of (2nd wife of (i)th Earl), (ii), (iii)

  Northumberland, Elizabeth Countess of (Lady Elizabeth Wriothesley), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Nothumberland, George Fitzroy (i)st Duke of, (ii)

  Northumberland, Henry Percy (i)th Earl of, (ii), (iii)

  Nothumberland, Jocelyn Percy (i)th Earl of, (ii), (iii)

  Norton, Mrs, (i), (ii)

  Norwich Maiden Troop, (i)

  Nottingham, Daniel Finch (i)nd Earl of, (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Nottingham Castle, (i)

  Nottingham, siege of, (i)

  Nourse, Sarah, (i)

  nuns, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); see also convents

  Nurses, (i), (ii); see also midwives

  Oates, Titus, (i)

  obedience see underwomen

  Of Domesticall Duties (Gouge), (i)

  Oglander, Ann, (i)

  Oglander, George, (i)

  Oglander, Sir John, (i), (ii)

  Oglander, Lady, (i), (ii)

  Ogle, Henry Cavendish Earl of, (i), (ii)

  Ogle, Elizabeth Countess of (‘my Lady Ogle’) see Percy, Elizabeth

  old age, (i); and witchcraft, (ii)

  Old and Good Way Vindicated, The (Warren), (i)

  ‘Old Judith’ (a ‘white witch’), (i)

  Old Troop, The (Lacy), (i)

  On Death (Killigrew), (i)

  ‘Orange Betty’ (Betty Mackarel), (i)

  ‘Orinda upon little Hector Phillips’ (Philips), (i)

  Ormonde, Elizabeth Marchioness of, (i)

  Ormonde, James Butler (i)st Marquess of, (ii), (iii)

  Orphan, The (Otway), (i)

  orphans, (i), (ii)

  Orrery, Roger Boyle (i)st Earl of (Lord Broghill), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Osborn, Sir John, (i)

  Osborne, Dorothy, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); distrust of romantic love, (vi); on Margaret Duchess of Newcastle, (vii); on Anna Trapnel, (viii); on Lady Isabella Tynne, (ix); and Jane Wright, (x)

  Osborne, Henry, (i)

  Oswestry, siege of, (i)

  Otway, Thomas, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Overbury, Sir Thomas, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Overton, Katharine, (i)

  Overton, Mary, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Overton, Richard (Martin Marpriest), (i), (ii)

  Owen, Anne (‘Lucasia’), (i)

  Owen, John, (i)

  Owen, Susan, (i)

  Ower, Robert, of Sydal, (i)

  Ower, Zutphenia, (i)

  Oxford, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); King’s Parliament at, (vii), (viii)

  Oxford Castle, (i)

  Oxford, Diana Countess of (Diana Kirke), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Oxford, Aubrey de Vere (i)th Earl of, (ii), (iii)

  Oxford, Henry de Vere (i)th Earl of, (ii), (iii)

  Oxinden, Elizabeth (wife of Tom Oxinden), (i)

  Oxinden, Henry of Barham, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Oxinden, Sir Henry of Deane, (i)

  Oxinden, Peg (daughter of Henry of Barham), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Oxinden, Richard (father of Henry of Barham), (i)

  Oxinden, Tom (son of Henry of Barham), (i)

  Oxinden papers, (i), (ii), (iii)n

  Page, Mistress Damaris, (i)

  painters, female, (i), (ii)

  Pakington, Dorothy Lady, (i)

  Palatine, Frederick Elector of, (i)

  Palmer, Roger, (i)

  Paradise Lost (Milton), (i)

  Paraphrase to the Psalms (Woodforde), (i)

  Parker, Sir Philip, (i)

  Paston, Lady Katherine, (i)

  Paul, St, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

  Paul V, Pope, (i), (ii)

  peace petition (August 1643), (i)

  Pead, Eleanor, (i)

  pedlars, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Pelham, Elizabeth (Elizabeth Montagu), (i), (ii)

  Pelham, Lady Lucy (Lady Lucy Sidney), (i)

  Pelham, Lucy (Lucy Pierrepont), (i)

  Pelham, Sir John, (i)

  Pelham, Tom, (i), (ii)

  Pell, Basua see Makin, Basua, (i), (ii)


  Pell, John, (i), (ii)

  Pell, Thomas, (i)

  Pembroke and Montgomery, Philip Herbert (i)th Earl of, (ii)

  Pembroke and Montgomery, Philip Herbert (i)th Earl of, (ii)

  Pembroke, Mary Countess of, (i)

  Pendennis Castle, Governor of, (i)

  Penistone, Lady, (i)

  Penn, William, (i)

  Pepperwell, Agnes, (i)

  Pepperwell, Mary, (i)

  Pepys, Elizabeth, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Pepys, Paulina (‘Pall’), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Pepys, Samuel, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); and Mrs Pepys’s infertility, (vii); on widowhood, (viii), (ix); on dairymaids, (x); on Countess of Northumberland, (xi); his problems with Pall Pepys and servants, (xii); and Deb Willet, (xiii); and businesswomen, (xiv), (xv); and women demonstrators at Navy Office, (xvi); and Constance Pley, (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi); and Lord Sandwich, (xxii); and Jane Myddleton, (xxiii); and Betty Lane, (xxiv); and actresses, (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix)

  Percy, Algernon Lord (i)th Earl of Northumberland, (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Percy, Lady Elizabeth (‘my lady Ogle’, later Duchess of Somerset), (i)

  Percy, Lady Lucy, (i)

  Perkins, William, (i), (ii)

  Peronne, Madame, (i)

  Perrot, John, (i)

  Perwick, Robert, (i), (ii)

  Perwick, Susanna, (i), (ii)

  Peter, Hugh, (i)

  Peter, St, (i), (ii)

  Peterborough, Henry Mordaunt (i)nd Earl of, (ii)

  Petition of Right, (i)

  Petition of Women, The, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Pettit, Valentine, (i)

  Petty, William, (i)

  Philips, Francis, (i)

  Philips, Hector, (i), (ii)

  Philips, James, (i)

  Philips, Katherine (‘Matchless Orinda’), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Pierrepont, Lady Anne see Roos, Anne Lady

  Pierrepont, Gervase (later Lord Pierrepont of Ardglass and Hanslope), (i)

  Pierrepont, Henry see Dorchester, (i)st Marquess of

  Pierrepont, Lucy (Lucy Pelham), (i), (ii)

  Pierson, Mrs, (i)

  pig farming, women’s responsibility for, (i)

  Pinney, Hester, (i)

  Pital, Françoise, (i)

  Pitman, Lt-Colonel, (i)

  Pius XII, Pope, (i)n

  Pix, Mary, (i)

  plague, the, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); remedies for, (vii), (viii)

  Plain Dealer, The (Wycherley), (i)

  Platonics, Platonic love, cult of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); see also romantic love

  playwrights, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); see also actresses; Behn, Aphra

  Pley, Constance (Constance Wise), (i), (ii)

  Pley, Captain George, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Pley, George (son), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Pley, Reymes, (i)

  Plymouth, Countess of, (i)

  Pontz, Mary, (i)

  Poole, Elizabeth, (i)

  poor, the, (i); and marriage, (ii); and fertility, (iii); widows, (iv); education of, (v), (vi), (vii); and prostitution, (viii); and midwives, (ix)

  Poor Clares, (i)

  Poor Law (1601), (i)

  Pope, John, (i)

  Pope, Mary, (i)

  ‘Popish Plot’, the, (i)

  Porter, Endymion, (i)

  Porter, George, (i)

  Porter, Thomas, (i)

  Portland, Countess of, (i)

  Portland, Duchess of, (i)

  Portmore, David Colyear (i)st Earl of, (ii)

  Portsmouth, Louise de la Kéroualle Duchess of, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Positions … for the training up of Children (Mulcaster), (i)

  Poulett, Margaret, (i)

  Poulteney, Margaret (Margaret Eure), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Poultry Compter, the (prison), (i)

  Powell, Thomas, (i)

  Powell, Ursula, (i)

  Powell, Vavasour, (i)

  Powis, William Herbert (i)rd Earl of, (ii)

  Poyntz, Major-General, (i)

  preachers, (i), (ii), (iii); see also prophetesses

  pregnancy, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi); and witchcraft, (xii); see also childbirth; midwives

  Presbyterians, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Preston, Lord, (i)

  Price, Goditha, (i)

  Prince, Mary, (i)

  Principles of the Most Ancient and Modern Philosophy, The (Conway), (i), (ii)

  prophetesses, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  prostitutes (whores), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii); see also courtesans

  Provok’d Wife, The (Vanbrugh), (i), (ii)

  Prujean, Sir Francis, (i)

  Prynne, William, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Purbeck, Viscount (Sir John Villiers), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Purbeck, Viscountess (Frances Coke), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Puritans, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); views on marriage, (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); on education, (ix), (x); treatment of servants, (xi); on childbirth, (xii); advocates of breast-feeding, (xiii); and Virgin Mary, (xiv); on participation of women in church life, (xv); attitude to worldy success, (xvi)

  Putney debates (1647), (i), (ii)

  Pym, John, (i)

  Quakers (Society of Friends), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x); in New World, (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi); in Turkey, (xvii), (xviii); schools, (xix), (xx); and Anne Conway, (xxi); and marriage, (xxii), (xxiii); Quakers Act (1662), (xxiv); Women’s Meetings, (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii); Elizabeth Hooton, (xxviii), (xxix); imprisonment of, (xxx); Mary Fisher, (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii); Margaret Fell, (xxxiv); in business, (xxxv); and midwives, (xxxvi)

  Quaker Women 1650–1690 (Brailsford), (i)n

  Queen-like Closet, The (Woolley), (i), (ii)

  Queens Closet Opened, The (domestic recipes), (i)

  Quesne, Marie du, (i)

  Ranelagh, Katherine Viscountess (Lady Katherine Boyle), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Ranelagh, Arthur Jones (i)nd Viscount, (ii)

  Ranelagh, Richard Jones (i)rd Viscount (later (ii)st Earl), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Ranters, the, (i)

  Raven, Dr, (i), (ii)

  Ravenscroft, Edward, (i)

  Raymond, Sir Thomas, (i)

  Read, Richard, (i)

  recipes, (i); Jane Sharp’s, (ii)

  Reflections on Ancient and Modern Learning (Wotton), (i)

  ‘Red Maids’ of Bristol, (i), (ii)

  Regal Tyranny Discovered, (i)

  Reliquiae Baxterianae (Baxter), (i)

  Reliquiae Gethinae (Gethin), (i)

  Restitution of Prophecy, The (Davies), (i)

  Restoration drama; on camp-followers, (i); cynicism towards marriage, (ii); association of London with adultery, (iii); mocks French fashions, (iv); mocks frivolity of ladies of fashion, (v); on pretensions of learned ladies, (vi), (vii); treatment of courtesans, (viii); references to reputation of actresses, (ix); fake wedding ceremony, (x); see also actresses; playwrights

  Reun, Isabel, (i)

  Reymes, Colonel Bullen, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Reymes, Tabitha, (i)

  Rhode Island, (i), (ii)

  Rich, Lady Anne (Countess of Warwick), (i)

  Rich, Charles (i)th Earl of Warwick, (ii), (iii)

  Rich, Charles (son), (i)

  Rich, Colonel, (i)

  Rich, Lady Essex (Lady Essex Finch, later Countess of Nottingham), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Rich, Lady Isabella (Lady Isabella Thynne), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Rich, Mary see Warwick, Countess of

  Rich, Lady Penelope (Lady Blount), (i)

  Rich, Lord, (i)

  Richardson, Isabel, (i)

  Richmond, Margaret Beaufort Countess of, (i)

  Richmond parliamentary election (1678), (i)

  Ridge, Ann (Ann Ashwell), (i)


  Rigby, Colonel, (i)

  Rival Queens, The (Lee), (i)

  Rivella (Manley), (i)

  Rivers, Countess, (i)

  Roaring Girl, The (Middleton and Dekker), (i)

  Roberts, Alexander, (i)

  Roberts, Jane, (i)

  Robinson, Henry, (i)

  Rochester, John Wilmot (i)nd Earl of, (ii), 481 (iii), (iv), (v)

  Rode, Mrs Ralph, (i)

  Rodney, Widow, (i)

  Rodway, Robert, (i)

  Rodway, Susan, (i)&n

  Rogers, Daniel, (i)

  romantic love, (i), (ii); see also marriage; Platonics

  Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare), (i)

  Roos, Anne Lady (Lady Anne Pierrepont), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Roos, Catherine Lady (Catherine Noel), (i)

  Roos, Diana Lady (Lady Diana Bruce), (i)

  Roos, Francis Manners Lord (son of (i)th Earl of Rutland), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Roos, Henry Manners Lord (son of (i)th Earl of Rutland), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Roos, John Manners Lord (9th Earl of Rutland and later (i)st Duke), (ii), (iii)

  Roos, John Manners Lord (son of (i)th Earl), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Roos title, dispute over, (i), (ii)

  Ros, Baroness de, (i)n

  Ross, Isabel, (i)

  Rouen, abbesses of, (i)

  Rover, The (Behn), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Rowell, Mrs, (i)

  Roydon Hall, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Rueff, Jacob, (i), (ii)

  Rufford, (i), (ii)

  Rupert, Prince, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Ruperta (daughter of Prince Rupert), (i)

  Russell, Lady Anne (daughter of (i)th Earl of Bedford), (ii)

  Russell, Lady Anne (Countess of Bristol), (i)

  Russell, Lady Diana, (i), (ii)

  Russell, Mrs Elizabeth, (i)

  Russell, Francis, (i)

  Russell, Katherine (Lady Roos), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Russell, Lady Margaret, (i), (ii)

  Russell, Rachel (Lady Cavendish, later (i)st Duchess of Devonshire), (ii)

  Russell, Rachel Lady (Lady Vaughan née Wriothesley), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix); marriage to William Lord Russell, (x); and marriages of her daughters, (xi), (xii)

  Russell, Robert, (i)

  Russell, William Lord, (i), (ii), (iii)

  Russell, William Lord see Bedford (i)th Earl of

  Russell, Wriothesley, Marquess of Tavistock (later (i)nd Duke of Bedford), (ii), (iii)

  Rutland, Catherine Countess of, (i)

  Rutland, Cecily Countess of, and Belvoir witches, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Rutland, Frances Countess of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Rutland, Francis Manners (i)th Earl of, (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Rutland, John Manners (i)th Earl of, (ii), (iii), (iv)