Midnight Rising: John Brown and the Raid That Sparked the Civil War Hardcover – Bargain Price
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Flournoy, H. W., ed. Calendar of Virginia State Papers: The John Brown Insurrection. Richmond, Va., 1893.
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Report of the Select Committee of the Senate Appointed to Inquire into the Late Invasion and Seizure of the Public Property at Harper’s Ferry. 36th Cong., 1st Sess. (1860). In BSC; referred to in notes as “Mason Report.”
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Acknowledgments
Midnight Rising is a departure from my previous books, which weaved between past and present. This one stays firmly rooted in the nineteenth century. As a result, I owe a special debt to historians and librarians who eased my passage from ink-stained journalist to pencil-smudged archival rat.
Thanks first to David Blight, the director of the Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition. Three years ago he urged me to pursue this project, despite my lack of expertise, and introduced me to Blake Gilpin, a young historian who has inspired me throughout. Blake is about to publish his first book, John Brown Still Lives!, a pioneering study of the memory and myth-making of Brown from the 1850s to the present.
Through David and Blake, I entered the wider world of “Browniacs,” a dedicated community of academics, independent scholars, and others who share a passion for the abolitionist’s story. Louis DeCaro, the author of “Fire from the Midst of You,” has been very generous in sharing his sources and insights, as he also does at http://abolitionist-john-brown.blogspot.com/. Bonnie Laughlin-Schultz has been another invaluable resource, particularly on Annie Brown Adams, my favorite figure in the Harpers Ferry drama. Bonnie’s upcoming book on the Brown women and abolitionism will greatly expand the male-centered universe of Brown scholarship.
The story of the black raiders at Harpers Ferry also remains to be fully told, and Philip Schwarz’s work is a model in this regard. Through painstaking research over many years, he has pieced together the extraordinary life of Dangerfield Newby, who hoped to free his wife and children from slavery. Like Bonnie, Phil has been extraordinarily generous, calmly booting up his computer database to answer my every query.
Jonathan Earle and Karl Gridley were kind enough to guide me through the Kansas mud to Pottawatomie Creek, Black Jack, and Osawatomie. Jonathan also shared his vast knowledge of antebellum politics, the subject of his upcoming book, The Election of Abraham Lincoln and the Revolution of 1860. Among the other scholars I consulted, I’d like to thank Richard Blackett, Evan Carton, William Cooper, Caleb McDaniel, Franny Nudelman, John Stauffer, and Brenda Wineapple for their wisdom and companionship. Thanks also to Jean Libby, for a disc of hard-to-find Baltimore Clipper stories and for keeping me abreast of all things Brown at http://www.alliesforfreedom.org/.
In this era of budget cutting, librarians labor under severe constraints. So I’m especially grateful to those who shared their scarce time and resources to show me the ropes. Gwen Mayer at the Hudson Library and Historical Society in Ohio gave me unfettered access to the libra
ry’s vault—as well as the key to its photocopy machine and a very warm welcome to the Western Reserve. Mary Beth McIntire and Craig Moore made things easy for me at the State Library of Virginia, as did William Obrochta and Frances Pollard at the Virginia Historical Society. I’d also like to thank Andrea Jackson and Kayin Shabazz at the Robert Woodruff Library in Atlanta; Kimberly Reynolds at the Boston Public Library; Virgil Dean and the reference librarians at the Kansas State Historical Society; Alyson Barrett-Ryan at the Gilder Lehrman Collection; and the accommodating staff of the Rare Book & Manuscripts Library at Columbia University.
Along with librarians, the unsung heroes of Brown research are the hardworking employees of the National Park Service. There is no better place to learn about Brown and engage with history than at the Harpers Ferry National Historical Park in West Virginia. Park ranger David Fox combines an encyclopedic knowledge of Harpers Ferry with contagious enthusiasm for its story. I’ve visited David many times, and he’s responded to my countless questions and theories with unfailing thoughtfulness and good humor. The park’s chief historian, Dennis Frye, led me on a night march from the Kennedy farm that was a highlight of my research, and his provocative insights on the Civil War will appear in his upcoming book, Antietam Addressed. Thanks also to Michelle Hammer for help in navigating the park’s archives, and to Susan Collins at the nearby Jefferson County Museum in Charles Town, for access to the museum’s underutilized trove of Brown-related documents.
As always, I owe a debt beyond measure to my editor at Macmillan, John Sterling, and to my literary agent, Kristine Dahl. I’ve collaborated with John and Kris for over a decade, and they’re simply the best: upbeat, rigorous, and tremendous fun, even when I’m not. John, with his lean frame, piercing eyes, and monomaniacal devotion to his task, would make an excellent movie Brown, if Chris Cooper and Tommy Lee Jones are unavailable. Thanks also to Jolanta Benal, the world’s finest copy editor, and to Emi Ikkanda for much-needed help tracking down illustrations.
Finally, once again, I’m grateful to friends and family for their counsel, jokes, and tolerance during the years it took me to write this book. Thanks to Dr. Earle Silber for his reflections on Brown’s mental state: to Christina Bevilacqua for her unparalleled knowledge of Melville; to Ron Nemirow and Erin Shay for Scrabble and Scotch; to my parents, Elinor and Norman Horwitz, for reading this book when it was barely readable; to my sons, Nathaniel and Bizu, for memorizing Brown’s courtroom speech and reminding me the world does not revolve around him; and most of all, to my wife, Geraldine, who led me to this subject in the first place, endured its execution, and remains the love of my life.
Illustration Credits
Courtesy of the Collection of the Torrington Historical Society, Torrington, Conn.
Courtesy of the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs division.
Courtesy of the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs division.
Augustus Washington. John Brown (detail). Daguerreotype, 10 × 8.2 cm., 1847. Purchased with major acquisition funds and with funds donated by Betty Adler Schermer in honor of her great-grandfather August M. Bondi. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. / Art Resource, N.Y.
Courtesy of the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs division.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection.
Courtesy of the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs division.
Courtesy of the Harvard College Library, Widener Library, from Franklin Sanborn, New Hampshire Biography and Autobiography.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection.
Courtesy of Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, W.Va.
Courtesy of the Trustees of the Boston Public Library/Rare Books.
Courtesy of the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs division.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection. Originally published in Harper’s Weekly, Oct. 29, 1859.
Courtesy of Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, W.Va. Original courtesy of the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs division.
Courtesy of the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs division.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection.
Courtesy of the Kansas State Historical Society. Originally published in Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, Nov. 26, 1859.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection.
Courtesy of the Collection of the New-York Historical Society, Negative # 35765.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection.
Courtesy of the Kansas State Historical Society.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection.
Courtesy of Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, W.Va.
Courtesy of the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs division.
Collection of the author.
Courtesy of Jim Glymph, Avon Bend, W.Va.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection. Originally published in Harper’s Weekly, Nov. 12, 1859.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection.
Courtesy of the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs division.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection.
Courtesy of Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, W.Va. Originally published in Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, Oct. 29, 1859.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection. Originally published in Harper’s Weekly, Nov. 5, 1859.
Courtesy of the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs division.
Courtesy of the Kansas State Historical Society.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection. Originally published in Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, Nov. 19, 1859.
Courtesy of Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, W.Va. Originally published in Harper’s Weekly, Nov. 12, 1859.
Courtesy of the Concord Free Library, Concord, Mass.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection. Originally published in New York Illustrated News, Dec. 10, 1859.
Courtesy of the Kansas State Historical Society. Originally published in Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, Dec. 10, 1859.
First Virginia Regiment (Richmond Grays) in Charlestown, Va., 1859. Courtesy of the Cook Collection, Valentine Richmond History Center.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection. Originally published in Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, Dec. 17, 1859.
Courtesy of the Virginia Military Institute Archives.
Courtesy of the Virginia Historical Society.
Courtesy of the Virginia Historical Society.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection.
Courtesy of Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, W.Va. Originally published in Harper’s Weekly, May 11, 1861.
Courtesy of the West Virginia State Archives, Boyd B. Stutler Collection.
Courtesy of Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, W.Va.
Index
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The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages of your eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
abolitionists. See also Secret Six; and specific individuals
attitudes of white, toward blacks
black
Brown family and
Brown’s capture and trial and
Brown seeks early support of
Brown’s hanging and
Brown’s post-Kansas mission and
Civil War and
Constitution and
Fugitive Slave Act and
Harpers Ferry trials and
Kansas and
Lee and
Lincoln and
pacifism and
Senate battle over
Southern fear of
Turner rebellion and
Adair, Florella Brown (half-sister)
Adair, Samuel
Adams, Abigail
Aesop
African Mysteries
Age of Reason (Paine)
Alburtis, Capt. Ephraim
Alcott, Bronson
Alcott, Louisa May
Allegheny Mountains
Allstadt, John
American Anti-Slavery Society
Anderson, Jeremiah
Harpers Ferry raid and
Kennedy farm and
Anderson, Osborne
on Brown
after Civil War
escape of
Kennedy farm and
recruited
Antietam, Battle of (Sharpsburg)
Appomattox
Arny, William
Ary (Allstadt slave)
Atchison, David
Attucks, Crispus
Avis, John
Baja California, Republic of
Ball, Armistead
Baltimore American
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad
Potomac Bridge
“Battle Hymn of the Republic” (Howe)
Baylor, Col. Robert