Cifrino, Michael, 26
ciprofloxacin, 134
Clark, Wesley, 89, 123
Clarke, Dick, 21–22, 23, 36, 37
Clarke, Torie, 22
Clement, Paul, 309, 310, 316, 318, 323, 408, 409
Clinton, Bill, 74
Clinton administration, 34, 155, 354, 529
CNN, 23, 27, 155
Coast Guard, U.S., 45
Cobb, Whit, 259
COBRA, 53, 475
Cohen, Melanie, 396
Cold War, 460
Cole, USS, al-Qaeda attack on, 5, 103, 345, 439
Coll, Steve, 526
Combat Search and Rescue, 80
Combined Air Operations Center, U.S., 81
Complete Idiot’s Guide to Understanding Islam, The, 46
confinement, 284–85, 333, 337, 491, 559
Congress, U.S.:
antitorture legislation by, 334
Bush’s 2002 State of the Union address to, 228–29
Bush’s post-9/11 address to, 90
counterterrorism funding by, 37
Joint Select Committee on Intelligence of, 350, 368
military commissions role of, 155, 174, 512
9/11 hearings in, 350–51, 368–70, 529
Persian Gulf War resolution of, 58, 59, 60, 61
Stellar Wind information in, 106
War Crimes Act in, 187
war on terror authorization by, 57–58, 59–62, 65–67, 68–71, 139
war on terror notifications to, 79
see also Senate, U.S.
Conspiracy Theory, 496
Constitution, U.S., 335, 465
Article 2 of, 36
Eighth Amendment of, 403–4
Fourteenth Amendment of, 36
Fourth Amendment of, 36, 98, 100
habeas corpus rights in, 48, 236, 237
preamble of, 36
Copé, Jean-François, 463
Cornell University Law School, Legal Information Institute at, 57
Crumpton, Hank, 149, 171, 180, 181
CTV Network, 129
Curveball (Rafid Ahmed Alwan al-Janabi), 505
Customs Service, U.S., al-Qahtani’s interview by, 10–12
Cyprus, and Iraq War, 328
Czech Republic, NATO summit in, 420, 421–22
D
Dailey, Dell, 184
Dalton, Jane, 188, 451, 474–75
D’Ambrosio, Stefano, 405, 406–7, 411–12, 426–27
D’Amuro, Pasquale, 284, 342–43
Dark Side, The: The Inside Story of How the War on Terror Turned into a War on American Ideals (Mayer), 526
Darya Suf Valley, Afghanistan, 138
Daschle, Tom, 69, 115, 131, 133, 134, 228, 229
Davis, Aubrey, 27, 28
Dawn Services, 85, 102, 223
Defense Department, U.S.:
Afghanistan War role of, 56, 78, 81, 82, 111, 137, 146
al-Libi interrogation information at, 208
and al-Qaeda nuclear reactor threat, 325
anthrax vaccine program of, 115
Detainee Interrogation Working Group of, 464–66, 474–76, 485–86
in detainee treatment debate, 187, 214, 215, 227
elderly detainee release by, 246, 336–37
Guantanamo Bay photos by, 245
and Guantanamo interrogation policy, 404, 417, 427–29, 434–35, 437–39, 444–45, 446–47, 449–51, 453, 455–56, 463, 464–66, 473, 474–76, 485–86
in Hamdi case, 303, 309
Human Intelligence Operations of, 203
in interrogation policy formation, 192–93, 327–28, 330, 332
on Iraq’s al-Qaeda connection, 343, 344
in Iraq War planning, 321
Ivins’s commendation by, 489–90
Manchester Manual’s referencing by, 544
military commissions authority of, 145, 148, 182, 183
military commissions bureaucracy in, 246–47
in military commissions hearing, 181–82
in military commissions study, 122
9/11 events in, 22, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33–35
in Padilla case, 305
Powell’s criticism of, 505
Red Cross relations with, 378–79
Rumsfeld’s leadership at, 34, 137, 246
in shootdown order legal question, 35–36, 61
weapons of mass destruction analysis by, 357–58, 383, 384
see also Haynes, Jim; military, U.S.; Pentagon; Rumsfeld, Donald
Defense Intelligence Agency, 146, 203, 305, 313, 378, 383, 473
Delahunty, Robert, 140, 213, 217, 226
Dell’Orto, Daniel, 453, 476
Delta flight 1989, 34
Democratic Party, U.S., war on terror opposition in, 70
de Sousa, Sabrina, 407
detainee treatment, 38
administration debate over, 186–89, 213–15, 218, 219–20, 224–27, 229–30, 232
in Afghanistan War, 175, 213–15, 217–18, 219–20, 224–27, 229–30, 232
at Guantanamo Bay, 210–11, 212, 218, 221, 235, 238–39, 245–46, 336–37, 367–68, 378–79, 382–83, 403–4, 431–32, 435–36, 437–38, 442, 512, 544
legal battle over, 212–13, 217, 235–37, 311–12, 316–17, 318–19, 335–36, 341–42, 511–13
media reporting on, 227, 236, 237
political conflict over, 504, 506–8
questioning of, 368
see also enemy combatants; interrogation policy; military commissions
Diego Garcia, and Iraq War, 328
DIGOS, 405, 406, 407
Di Rita, Larry, 446
Donnachie, Craig, 285
Dora Farms, 497, 498, 499, 500
Dorn, Nancy, 65
Dostum, Rashid, 138, 139, 149, 168, 174
Doumar, Robert, 300, 301, 302, 303, 309, 317, 322, 323, 329, 330, 341, 342, 408
due process rights, 312, 318, 319
Duley, Jean, 515–16
Dunham, Frank, Jr., 262–63, 266, 269, 270, 271, 292, 293, 299, 301–2, 408, 409, 443–44
Dunlavey, Michael, 237, 238, 245, 246, 293, 295, 298, 299, 327, 336, 367, 404, 415, 417, 427, 428, 429
E
ear identification, 250
Edelson, Michael, 224, 375
Edson, Gary, 93
Egypt:
al-Libi’s torture in, 219, 233
counterterrorist intelligence from, 98
El-Maati’s torture in, 228, 510
and Iraq War, 338
Manchester Manual’s connection to, 194, 546, 549, 550, 551
Omar’s rendition to, 406, 480, 511
torture’s use in, 44, 218, 219, 416, 551, 552
Egyptian Islamic Jihad, 243, 550
ElBaradei, Mohamed, 409, 410, 445, 454, 469, 479, 487, 488
Ellis, T. S., III, 326
El-Maati, Ahmad, 42–45, 129–31
Afghanistan trip of, 102, 533–34
Almalki’s interrogation about, 275
Almalki’s relationship to, 162–63, 165, 227, 272
Arar’s relationship to, 163, 165, 227, 272, 370, 371, 389, 510
Canadian intelligence’s suspicion of, 43–45, 101, 130, 146, 147, 533
Egyptians’ torture of, 228, 510
map linked to, 42, 43, 45, 101, 102, 129, 130, 161, 227–28
Mounties’ suspicion of, 101–2, 130, 146, 147
news stories about, 129, 130, 146
release of, 510
Syrian detention of, 153, 158
Syrians’ torture of, 161, 162–63, 165, 227–28, 272, 370, 389, 510
Syrian travel plans of, 145–46, 147, 152–53
U.S. suspicion of, 147, 163, 165, 533
El-Maati, Amer, 147, 163, 533
El-Mahgoub, Rifaat, 546, 550, 552
e-mail, 96, 99, 100, 546
enemy combatants, 38
American, 196, 292; see also Hamdi, Yaser Esam; Lindh, John Walker
designation of, 301, 305, 309, 316–17, 318, 323, 329–30, 341, 342, 408–9, 443–44
, 491, 512
detention of, 48, 195–98; see also detainee treatment; Guantanamo Bay
legal battle over, 302–4, 309–10, 313–14, 316–17, 322–23, 329–30, 335–36, 341–42, 408–9, 443–44, 511–13
lethal force against, 79
prosecution of, 83–84, 102–3, 122; see also military commissions
rights of, 48, 235, 236, 237, 258, 259, 262, 266, 292, 299, 300–304, 309–10, 311–12, 314, 317, 318–19, 323, 335, 336, 342, 435–36, 438, 465, 474, 511–12
see also rendition
Ennis, Joseph, 294
Entous, Adam, 263
Europe:
anti-Americanism in, 356
Bush administration statements about, 461–63
Iraq War opposition in, 243, 244, 245, 356, 391, 402, 454–55, 458, 459, 461, 462–63, 484–85
Ex Parte Quirin, 84, 103, 144, 309
Ezzell, John, 133
F
F-117 Stealth Fighter, 499, 500
Fahim, Mohammed, 159
Faisalabad, Pakistan, 240, 247–50
Fallon, Mark, 407–8
Far’ Falastin, 158, 274, 390
Faris, Iyman, 491
Febey, Steven, 400
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 9/11 aircraft monitoring by, 22, 25–27, 30, 32, 33, 36, 45
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 203, 242, 243
al-Libi’s interrogation by, 208–9, 219
al-Qaeda double agent for, 491
al-Qahtani’s identification by, 324–25
al-Qahtani’s interrogation by, 332, 339–40, 378, 405
in anthrax investigation, 128, 131, 133, 222, 228, 231–32, 266, 412, 513, 514, 515, 517, 518
in Arar detention, 370, 371, 373, 384, 387–88
CIA intelligence sharing with, 350, 529
CIA interrogation policy opposition at, 284, 342–43
Criminal Justice Information Services Division of, 324
domestic surveillance by, 98
at Guantanamo Bay, 296, 297, 339–40, 382, 383, 404–5, 419
in Hamdi case, 259, 260
Hazardous Materials Response Unit of, 133
Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System of, 324
Ja’far the Pilot investigation by, 345
military interrogation policy opposition at, 383, 404–5, 419
Moussaoui’s arrest by, 12–14, 178, 181
Moussaoui’s investigation by, 529
in 9/11 hearings, 368
9/11 investigation by, 24, 25, 33, 46, 64, 254–55
Padilla’s arrest by, 291
Padilla’s interrogation by, 285–91
pre-9/11 counterterrorism funding of, 530
pre-9/11 intelligence gathered by, 8, 9–10, 13, 14
Saddam’s interrogation by, 519–20
Strategic Information Operations Center of, 24
war on terror role of, 139
in Zubaydah capture, 240, 248, 249, 250
Zubaydah’s interrogation by, 253–55, 277–78, 279–80, 345
Federal Criminal Code, 300
Federal District Court:
in Alexandria, 269
for the District of Columbia, 311
in Norfolk, 292
Federal Emergency Management Agency, 75
Feith, Douglas, 89, 196, 214, 215, 329, 336, 344, 428, 435
Ferreri, Andy, 285
Fincher, Russell, 208, 209, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291
Fischer, Joschka, 463
Fisher, Alice, 342
Flanigan, Tim, 310–11, 507
in Afghanistan targeting situation, 111, 112
Bellinger e-mail criticism by, 80
in congressional resolution drafting, 57–58, 59–62, 65, 66–67, 69–70
in detainee treatment policy formation, 224, 225, 227
in Hamdi case, 259, 408
in military commissions formation, 84, 102–3, 136, 137, 140, 144, 145, 149, 154, 156, 157, 246, 247
on 9/11, 23–25, 35–37, 47, 48
in Padilla case, 305
in shootdown order legal question, 35–36
in surveillance powers expansion, 95, 96, 106–7
Flannagan, Lisa, 107–8
Fleischer, Ari, 49, 472
Flewelling, Rick, 381, 384
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), 14, 96, 98, 99, 105, 529
Former Office of the Secretary of the Navy, 186
Fort Belvoir, 295, 327
Fort Detrick, Army Research Facility at:
anthrax contamination at, 161–62, 265–66
in anthrax investigation, 124, 125, 133, 134, 228
anthrax research at, 77, 108, 115, 489, 537
Fouda, Yosri, 257–58, 267–69, 308–9
Fournier, Ron, 472, 495
Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, 259, 309, 310, 316–17, 322–23, 342, 408–9, 443
Fourth Geneva Convention, 187, 217n, 232
Fox, 38
Frahm, Charles, 253
France:
Iraq War position of, 391, 454–55, 458, 459, 461, 462, 484–85
in war on terror, 55, 72
Franks, Tommy, 137, 146, 159, 173, 177, 180, 184, 195, 252, 452, 498–99
Frederick Memorial Hospital, 518
Frederick Police Department, 516
Fredman, John, 378, 379
Fried, Dan, 470
Frost, David, 467–68
Fuller, Robert, 243, 387–88
G
Gaddafi, Muammar al-, 116, 193
Gajardo, Marc, 396, 397, 399, 401
Galati, Rocco, 130
Gallup poll, 504, 505
Garre, Gregory, 301, 341
Gaudin, Steve, 253, 254, 277, 278, 284
Gelles, Michael, 431–32, 433
Gelvan, Alexander, 85, 86
General Electric, 127
Geneva Conventions, 186–87, 335, 379, 403, 512
Ashcroft’s position on, 230
civilians’ treatment under, 187, 217n, 232
Common Article 3 of, 186–87, 215, 217, 217n, 218
Powell’s position on, 218, 224, 225–27, 229, 232
scope of, 225
U.S. military’s protection under, 188, 214, 227, 230, 465, 485
U.S. military’s training in, 214, 218, 229–30, 465
Yoo’s analysis of, 48, 187, 188, 213, 214, 215, 217, 219, 220, 224, 226
see also detainee treatment
Georgia, 393
Germany, Iraq War position of, 461, 462, 484–85
Ghamdi, Ahmed al-, 16–17
Ghamdi, Hamza al-, 16–17
Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 (Coll), 526
Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 310
Girvan, Maureen, 380, 381
Giuliani, Rudy, 128
Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, 514
Gog and Magog, 459, 460–61, 570–71
Goldsmith, Jack, 368, 506, 507–8
Goldsmith, Peter, 468, 488–89
Gonzales, Alberto, 79, 80, 140, 507
in Afghanistan targeting situation, 111–12
and CIA interrogation program, 283, 559
in detainee treatment policy debate, 186, 187–89, 213, 217, 219, 224, 225, 226, 227, 229
in Hamdi case, 259, 314
in military commissions formation, 83, 84, 136, 144, 148, 149, 150, 157–58, 221, 247
and military interrogation policy, 456, 466–67
on 9/11, 46–48, 49, 50
in Padilla case, 304, 305
in surveillance powers expansion, 95, 96, 105, 106
Goodman, Bill, 160, 236
Gorelick, Jamie, 529
Gorton, Slade, 529
Goss, Porter, 368
Gould, Natalie, 397, 398
Graham, William, 418, 419, 420–21, 510
Great Britain:
in Afghanistan War, 114, 137, 142, 180, 202, 240
Afghanistan War pris
oners from, see Tipton Three
al-Qaeda attack plot in, 475, 491–92
Bosnian embassy closure by, 134, 135
Bush’s Middle East address reaction in, 315–16
Indonesia terror plot advisory in, 367, 377
Iraq War investigation in, 504–5
Iraq War opposition in, 244, 328, 339, 354, 422, 466, 471, 485, 486, 494, 496–97, 504
Iraq War role of, 240, 241, 242, 244, 251–52, 321–22, 328–29, 339, 353, 355, 451, 452, 468, 470, 471, 473, 480, 481, 485, 488–89, 493, 494, 497
Manchester Manual’s importance in, 128n, 193, 194, 544, 551, 552
Ministry of Defense in, 321
9/11 assessment by, 40, 53, 54
9/11 reaction in, 40–41, 53–55
political news leaks in, 489
U.S. steel tariffs on, 240–41
weapons of mass destruction intelligence in, 392, 504
see also Blair, Tony
Greenstock, Jeremy, 480
Grenier, Bob, 240
Groenhuijsen, Charles, 462
Ground Zero, 503
search and rescue operation at, 163, 164
Group of Eight, 55
Guantanamo Bay, 48, 196, 197
administration oversight of, 367–68
Algerian Six’s arrival at, 216
al-Qahtani’s detention at, 324, 325
al-Qahtani’s interrogation at, 332, 339–40, 367, 378, 403, 404–5, 407, 415–16, 417, 419–20, 422–26, 427, 433–34, 436–37, 439–42, 446, 449–50
Behavioral Science Consultation Team at, 442
bin Laden intelligence obtained at, 520
Camp Delta at, 312, 332, 382, 423
Criminal Investigation Task Force at, 206–7, 293, 295, 297, 312, 407, 416, 419–20
detainee treatment at, 210–11, 212, 218, 221, 235, 238–39, 245–46, 367–68, 378–79, 382–83, 403–4, 431–32, 435–36, 437–38, 442, 512, 544
elderly detainees at, 245–46, 336–37
FBI agents at, 296, 297, 339–40, 382, 383, 404–5, 419
female interrogators at, 439–40
fingerprinting at, 324
first arrivals at, 209–10, 258
Hamdi’s removal from, 258–60
Initial Reaction Force at, 238–39
Interrogation Control Element at, 382
interrogation policy conflict on, 293, 295, 296, 298–99, 312–13, 340, 378, 383, 404–5, 407–8, 416–17, 419–20, 430–33, 434–36, 437–39, 442–43, 444–45, 446–49, 450–51, 453, 466–67, 473–74, 475–76, 485–86
law enforcement interrogations at, 206–7, 295–99, 332, 339–40, 367, 404–5, 417, 420
legal challenges to, 311–12, 335
military commissions at, 247, 512–13
military interrogation program at, 237–38, 245, 293, 295–96, 298, 313, 327, 332, 340, 376, 377–79, 382–83, 403–5, 415–16, 417, 419–20, 422–26, 427–29, 430–43, 444–45, 446–51, 453, 455–57, 463–67, 473–76, 485–86
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