military’s management of, 207, 245
political conflict over, 504
Red Cross at, 293, 378, 379, 407, 442
Rumsfeld’s nickname for, 220
security at, 245
temporary detention facility at, 197–98, 220–21; see also Camp X-Ray
translators at, 245
video cameras at, 239
H
habeas corpus rights, 48, 235, 236, 237, 259, 292, 299, 302, 303, 309–10, 318, 319, 323, 336, 511, 512
Habib (alleged terrorist), 13
Hadley, Stephen, 23, 25, 45, 156, 261, 328, 343, 500
Hamas, 3
Hambali (Riduan Isamuddin), 347–48, 394, 492–93
Hamdan, Salim, 51–52
capture of, 166–67, 168
intelligence given by, 168, 242–43
legal case of, 174, 217, 511, 512–13
Hamdi, Esam, 292
Hamdi, Yaser Esam:
capture of, 176, 330
deportation of, 512
detention of, 317–18, 321, 330, 368
Guantanamo removal of, 258–60
legal case of, 217, 262, 263, 266, 292, 299, 300–304, 309–10, 313–14, 316–17, 322–23, 329–30, 341–42, 408–9, 443–44, 511–13
Harethi, Qaed Salim Sinan al-, 439
Harper, Stephen, 510
Hart Senate Office building, 173
Hawsawi, Mustafa al-, 483
Hayden, Michael, 97, 100
Haynes, Jim, 140, 157, 195, 507
and elderly detainee release, 336
and Guantanamo interrogation program, 327, 428, 429, 434, 435, 437–39, 444–45, 446, 447, 449, 450, 451, 453, 455–56, 463, 466–67, 474, 475, 476, 485–86
Guantanamo visit of, 367, 368
in Hamdi case, 258, 259, 292–93
in military commissions formation, 181–82, 246, 247
on 9/11, 22, 35–36
in Padilla case, 304, 305
in shootdown order legal question, 35–36
in surveillance discussion, 95, 96
workload of, 435
Hazmi, Nawaf al-, 33
health care laws, 319–20, 379, 562
Heathrow Airport, 475, 491–92
Henderson, Donald, 75, 76
Hendrawan, Joni (Idris), 396, 400
Herat, Afghanistan, 113
Heritage Foundation, 507
Hezbollah, 3, 32, 33
Highland Transport, 42
Hill, Tom, 415, 415n, 427, 428, 429, 449, 450
Hoh, Christopher, 135, 204, 205
Holley, R. J., 285
Hollywood, as terrorist target, 91
Homeland Security Department, U.S., 373
Hoon, Geoff, 72, 329
Howard, John, 401
Huden, Johanna, 91–92
Hughes, Karen, 48, 49
Human Concern International, 85
Hussain, Tsadiqui, 248, 249
Hussein, Saddam:
assassination scenario for, 471
bin Laden’s suggested link to, 72, 89, 343–44, 497
biological weapons stockpile of, 76, 128, 129, 469
Blair’s views on, 244
Bush’s preoccupation with, 505
Bush’s U.N. statement about, 364–65
capture of, 518–19
Chirac’s assessment of, 455
interrogation of, 519–20
Iraqi opposition to, 251, 452
overthrow of, 242, 244, 251–52, 253, 261, 263, 328, 329, 339, 353, 355, 452, 453, 471, 504
U.S. strike against, 497–98, 499, 500
and weapons inspections, 366, 454, 458–59, 467–68, 471, 472, 477
see also Iraq
I
Iacobucci Commission, 533
Ibn Taymiyyah, 550
Idris (Joni Hendrawan), 396, 400
Immelt, Jeffrey, 127
Immigration and Naturalization Service, U.S. (INS), 10, 45
in Arar detention, 371, 372–73, 374, 385, 387, 389
Moussaoui’s interview by, 12–14, 181
post-9/11 criticism of, 372
Imron, Ali, 394, 395, 396, 400, 414
Indian Point, 325
Indonesia:
Islamic extremists in, 346
see also Bali attacks
In re Territo, 309
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 410, 479, 488
International Committee of the Red Cross, 293, 378, 379, 407, 442
interrogation policy, 38
CIA, 192, 193, 194, 195, 209, 218–19, 253, 255–57, 277, 278–85, 299–300, 322, 325, 332, 333–34, 337–38, 342–43, 344–45, 348–49, 370, 456, 457, 484, 559, 562
criticism of, 284, 293, 342–43, 376, 383, 404–5, 407–8, 416–17, 419–20, 430–33, 434–36, 437–39, 442–43, 444–45, 450–51, 453, 464, 465–67, 473–74, 475–76, 485–86
flaws in, 195
formation of, 191–95
at Guantanamo Bay, 206–7, 237–38, 245, 293, 295–99, 312–13, 327, 332, 339–40, 367, 376, 377–79, 382–83, 403–5, 415–16, 417, 419–20, 422–26, 427–29, 430–43, 444–45, 446–51, 453, 455–57, 463–67, 473–76, 485–86
legal analysis of, 280–83, 299–300, 328, 333–34, 337, 342, 403–4, 428, 434–36, 438, 444, 455–57, 463–67, 474–76, 485–86; see also torture, legal analysis of
Manchester Manual’s importance to, 193–95, 282, 293, 544–45
military, 192–93, 237–38, 245, 293, 295–96, 298, 313, 325, 327–28, 330–32, 340, 367, 375–76, 377–79, 382–83, 403–5, 415–16, 417, 419–20, 422–26, 427–29, 430–43, 444–45, 446–51, 453, 455–57, 463–67, 473–76, 485–86
and military commissions process, 438, 439, 485
prohibitions in, 280
psychological basis for, 191, 193, 195
research contradicting, 256–57, 330–32
secrecy of, 282, 283
stepping up of, 325, 327–28, 473
interrogations:
CIA research study on, 256–57
force drift in, 432, 446
psychological aspects of, 254, 255, 331, 432
relationship building in, 208, 255, 256, 278, 279–80, 331, 339–40, 342, 345, 420, 422, 448–49, 519
Iqbal, Asif, 174, 512
Iqbal (Bali terrorist), 394, 395, 396
Iran:
and Afghanistan War, 73
Bush’s position on, 51, 78
and Iraq War, 322
U.S. suspicion of, 50
in war on terror strategy, 123
weapons of mass destruction in, 328
Iran-Contra scandal, 58
Iraq:
al-Qaeda’s suggested ties to, 208, 219, 233, 234, 343–44, 345, 383, 401–2, 494, 504
Arab diplomatic efforts in, 493
Blair’s position on, 72
Bush’s position on, 51, 56, 72
missile capability of, 469
new U.N. resolution against, 252, 322, 328, 329, 339, 353, 354, 355, 357, 363, 364, 365–66, 391–92, 393, 409, 411, 418, 421, 422, 458
nuclear capability of, 469, 479, 488
oil fields in, 451–52, 453
prewar situation in, 251–52
prior U.N. resolutions against, 252, 263, 352, 489
Rumsfeld’s position on, 72, 89, 123, 354, 363
torture’s use in, 44
U-2 surveillance of, 469, 471, 477
U.N. weapons inspections in, 244, 245, 261, 263, 352, 353, 355, 364, 366, 409–11, 421, 422, 445, 452, 454–55, 458, 459, 467–69, 471, 472, 476–77, 479, 480–81, 487–88, 519
U.S. suspicion of, 50
in war on terror strategy, 72, 79, 89, 123
weapons of mass destruction in, 233, 234, 253, 261, 263, 321, 328, 329, 352, 357–58, 366, 383–84, 392, 393, 402, 445, 452, 453, 454, 458, 459, 471, 479, 494, 495, 504, 505, 519–20
see also Hussein, Saddam; Persian Gulf War
Iraq War:
American public interest in, 505
Blair’s position on, 241–42, 24
4, 245, 251–53, 260–62, 263, 316, 321, 322, 328–29, 354, 355–56, 357, 363–64, 365, 391, 393, 394, 402, 421–22, 451–53, 466, 467–68, 470, 471, 472–73, 480–81, 485, 486, 488–89, 495, 496–97, 504–5
Britain’s role in, 240, 241, 242, 244, 251–52, 321–22, 328–29, 339, 353, 355, 451, 452, 468, 470, 471, 473, 480, 481, 485, 488–89, 493, 494, 497
British legal analysis of, 468, 473, 480, 481, 488–89
British opposition to, 244, 328, 339, 354, 422, 466, 471, 494, 496–97, 504–5
Bush’s biblical interpretation of, 459, 460–61
Bush’s preoccupation with, 505
Bush’s “ultimatum speech” in, 495–96, 498, 499, 500
Cheney’s position on, 352–53, 354, 355, 356, 357, 363, 364, 505
civilian casualty expectations in, 452
French position on, 391, 454–55, 458, 459, 461, 462, 484–85
international opposition to, 243, 244, 245, 261, 322, 328, 354, 356, 401–2, 454–55, 458, 459, 461, 462–63, 466, 471, 484–85, 486
international support for, 241–42, 244, 321–22, 339, 418, 493–95
justification for, 72, 89, 234, 355, 505
KSM’s threats about, 484
legal basis for, 252
Middle Eastern allies in, 241, 321–22, 355
and Middle East peace process, 241, 244–45, 260, 261–62, 263, 316, 322, 355, 494
military strategy for, 173, 234, 245, 252, 253, 260, 321–22, 329, 451–52, 470–71, 494, 497–99
political conflict over, 504, 506
Powell’s position on, 338–39, 353, 364, 499, 505
Putin’s position on, 392, 393, 394, 486
regime change in, 242, 244, 251–52, 253, 261, 263, 328, 329, 339, 353, 355, 452, 453, 471, 504
Rumsfeld’s preoccupation with, 447
Saddam’s capture in, 518–20
secrecy in, 252
U.N. authorization for, 458, 461, 462, 466, 468, 470, 471, 472, 473, 480, 485, 486, 489, 493, 494, 495, 496, 505
U.S. first strike in, 497–501
U.S. plan for, 241–42, 243–44, 245, 251, 252, 253, 260–62, 263, 316, 321–22, 328, 329, 338–39, 351, 353, 354, 355, 357, 363, 364–66, 391, 393, 401–2, 410–11, 421–22, 449, 452, 453, 458–59, 461–62, 470–71, 472, 473, 480, 481, 486, 493–95, 504
Isamuddin, Riduan (Hambali), 347–48, 394, 492–93
Islamabad, Pakistan, 258, 267
Islamic extremists:
biological and chemical weapons sought by, 3, 129
in Bosnia-Herzegovina, 118–19
influx of, 449
1983 Beirut attack by, 31
in Pakistan, 51
psychological treatment of, 191
Putin’s view of, 54, 81, 393–94
in Saudi Arabia, 117, 150, 243
in South Asia, 248, 347
surveillance of, 95–96
tactics of, 3
see also al-Qaeda; Jemaah Islamiyah
ISN 374 (Guantanamo detainee), 210–11
Israel:
Bush’s policy statement on, 315
Palestinian conflict with, 260, 261, 315, 316
see also Middle East, peace process in
Italy, CIA rendition plot in, 126–27, 132, 345–46, 405–7, 411–12, 426–27, 477–79, 480, 511
Ivins, Bruce, 108–11
anthrax decontamination by, 161–62, 265–66, 412
in anthrax investigation, 134, 228, 231–33, 266, 412
anthrax work of, 108–9, 115, 166, 185, 489
background check of, 111
code fixation of, 131–32, 514
colleague’s suspicion about, 231
Defense Department commendation of, 489–90
investigation of, 412, 513–18
mental instability of, 109–11, 124, 185, 231, 412–13, 515–17
suicide of, 517–18
Ivins, Diane, 517, 518
J
Ja’far al-Tayyar, 345
Jalalabad, Afghanistan, 151, 158
Jalalabad Islamic studies center, 150–51
James, Larry, 442, 443, 447–49
Janabi, Rafid Ahmed Alwan al-(Curveball), 505
Japan, 237
terrorist attacks in, 2, 68
Jarrah, Ziad, 30
Jawahir, Gail, 16–17
Jemaah Islamiyah, 165–66, 347, 394, 415, 550
CIA’s crippling of, 492–93
see also Bali attacks
Jessen, Bruce, 193, 195, 544
Jimi (Bali terrorist), 394, 395, 396, 398
Joanne (Bali tourist), 397, 398, 399
Johnson v. Eisentrager, 309
Joint Chiefs of Staff, 74, 358
communications center of, 34
in detainee treatment debate, 187, 188, 214
in interrogation policy conflict, 446, 451, 474
on 9/11, 33
Joint Task Force 170, see Guantanamo Bay, military interrogation program at
Joint Terrorism Task Force, 208, 371, 374
Jones, Cristina, 190–91
Jones, Greg, 14
Jones Aviation, 29
Jordan:
counterterrorist intelligence from, 98
and Iraq War, 241, 338
torture’s use in, 44, 416
Justice Department, U.S.:
and al-Qaeda nuclear reactor threat, 325
in Arar case, 381–82, 388
and CIA interrogation program, 280–82, 283, 337, 343
in detainee treatment debate, 187, 224–25, 230
in Guantanamo interrogation policy conflict, 404
in Hamdi case, 258, 302–4, 309, 408
law enforcement divisions of, 10
and military commissions, 145, 148, 149, 150, 152, 182, 183
and military interrogation policy, 467
in Moussaoui case, 178, 181, 271
9/11 events in, 24, 38, 46
Office of Professional Responsibility at, 506, 507
in Padilla case, 306
see also Ashcroft, John
Justice Department, U.S., Office of Legal Counsel, 38, 46, 122, 506
investigation of, 506–7
reputation of, 463
on Saddam assassination scenario, 471
in Stellar Wind operations, 106
torture definition by, 299–300, 319–21, 332–34, 337, 342, 378, 379, 428, 463–64
see also Yoo, John
justice system, U.S.:
enemy combatants’ exclusion from, 48, 83, 102–3, 144, 145, 195, 196, 258, 259, 304–5, 311–12, 318, 323, 329, 335, 436, 438, 511; see also Guantanamo Bay; military commissions; Prosper group
military commissions review by, 144, 155, 156, 161
K
Kabul, Afghanistan, 82, 113, 146, 159, 162, 163
Kamens, Geremy, 317
Kandahar, Afghanistan, 82, 113, 166–67
Kandahar Airport, 242
Kappa Kappa Gamma, 77, 110, 132, 231, 514
Karachi, Pakistan, 267, 493
al-Qaeda biological laboratory in, 165, 166, 222
bin al-Shibh’s capture in, 351, 361–63
Karshi-Khanabad air base, 80
Karzai, Hamid, 201–2
Katyal, Neal, 155–56, 160–61, 173–74
Kavanaugh, Brett, 314
Kennedy, Anthony, 310, 313–14
Kennedy, Charles, 402
Kennedy, Edward, 66, 182
Kenya, U.S. embassy bombing in, 5, 63, 97, 103, 193
Khadr, Ahmed Said, 85, 276
Khadr, Omar, 387–88, 389
Khalili, Masood, 15
Khan, Majid, 492
Khan Gulan Patsheh, 5
Khattak, 239
Khian, Vini, 347
King, Larry, 311
Kingsley Amateur Football Club, 397
Kiriakou, John, 249, 250–51
Knowledge Discovery in Databases, 100
Kobilica, Anela, 118, 119–21
Koester, Jennifer, 300, 333
Kollar-Kotelly, Colleen
, 318, 319, 335–36
Koran, 367, 423, 441, 484
Kosovo War, 215
Koussa, Moussa, 116–17, 123
Krongard, Buzzy, 94
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, terrorist summit in, 97
Kunduz, Afghanistan, 168
Kuwait, and Iraq War, 241, 321, 328
L
Laatar, Thérèse, 375
Labour Party, British, Iraq War opposition in, 328, 486, 504
Lady, Robert, 345–46, 405–7, 411, 426, 478, 511
Lajes Field, 493
Lander, Stephen, 40, 41
Lashkar-e-Tayibba, 248
Laufman, David, 529
Leahy, Patrick, 115, 161, 173
learned helplessness, 191, 193, 293
Lebanon, in war on terror strategy, 123
Lebron, Estela Ortega, 286
Lehnert, Michael, 220
Leon, Richard J., 513
Leso, John, 378, 442–43
Libby, Scooter, 22, 29, 41, 42
Libi, Ibn al-Shaykh al-, 179–80, 184–85
CIA interrogation of, 209, 218–19
CIA’s rendition of, 219, 233
Egyptians’ torture of, 219, 233
FBI interrogation of, 207–9, 219
Liby, Anas al-, 193
Libya:
counterterrorism intelligence from, 116–18, 123
Islamic extremism in, 193
U.S. relations with, 116, 117
in war on terror strategy, 123
weapons of mass destruction in, 328
Lieberman, Joseph, 182–83
Lindh, John Walker, 170, 175, 176, 258, 262, 304, 326–27
Logan International Airport, 9/11 flight from, 16
Lohr, Michael, 433
London, England, antiterrorism precautions in, 40, 53
London Eye, 40
Looming Tower, The: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11 (Wright), 526
Los Angeles International Airport, al-Qaeda plot against, 7
Lovelace, Nick, 473
Luke, Hannabeth, 396, 397
LZA Thornton Tomasetti, 164
M
McCartney, Jason, 397, 398, 399
McGuire Woods, 507
McIlroy, Bradley, 397, 398, 399
McLaughlin, John, 1, 73, 106
McLean, Nicole, 397, 398
Mahon, Alice, 402
Mahon, Marty, 208, 209
Malaysia, terrorist threat in, 204
Mallow, Britt, 312–13, 416–17, 420
Maltbie, Michael, 14
Manchester Manual, 128n, 193–95, 194n, 282, 293, 301, 329, 544–52
Mancini, Marco, 411, 412, 426
Manning, David, 72, 243–45, 261, 321–22, 353, 354, 364, 366, 470, 499–500
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