Navy Seals
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retirement of, 76
and Vietnam War, 76
Buchanan, Jessica, 252–54, 257
Bucklew, Phil, 7–9
BUD/S (Basic Underwater Demolition/SEALs training), 67–69, 77, 129, 131, 135, 136, 176, 266
Burke, Arleigh A., 64, 65, 66, 67
Burrfish submarine operation, 30, 33
Bush, George H.W., 151, 153
Butcher, Kenneth, 141
“cadre training,” 80, 89
Cairo (dog), 250
Callahan, John, 66, 72
Calland, Albert III “Bert,” 200, 258
Camp Billy Machen (California), 195
Camp Blue Diamond (Iraq), 220
Camp Corregidor (Iraq), 220, 223, 239, 240, 241
Camp Lejeune (North Carolina), 69
Camp Marc Lee (Iraq), 238, 239, 241
Camp McGill (Japan), 47
Camp Ramadi (Iraq), 219–20, 225, 229, 231, 236, 244
Cape St. George Beausejour. See Grenada
Carney, John T. Jr., 145
Caron, USS: and Grenada invasion, 136, 140
Casey, Thomas W., 155–57
Cassidy, Chris, 190, 191, 196, 200, 201, 204
cast-and-recover procedure, 31
Castro, Fidel, 62–63, 75, 76
Central Command, U.S., 170, 186, 200, 256
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
in Afghanistan, 187, 188, 189
and Cuban operations, 60, 61–62, 63, 70, 71–72, 73, 75
and killing of bin Laden, 249, 251
and Korean War, 50, 53, 54–55
Navy SEALs and, 31, 60, 61–62, 63, 90
PRUs and, 99
UDT operations and, 50, 53, 54–55
in Vietnam War, 90, 99
Chau Doc (Vietnam War), 95–97
Cheju-do Island (Korean War): UDT operations on, 53
China: Korean War and, 52, 55, 57
Christianson, Bob, 27
civilians
in Afghanistan, 127, 258
in Grenada, 127–28
in Iraq, 241
in Panama, 160
Clark, Mark, 107–8
Clayton, Edward Porter, 43
Clinton, Bill, 167, 168, 191
Cold War, 165, 256
Cole, USS: al-Qaeda attack on, 169, 170, 173
Collins, Jim, 213, 216
Colombia, 247
Combat Control Team, U.S. Air Force, 155, 195
“combat swimmer” demolition attack: first public, 159
Combat Swimmer (Gormly), 246
commando raids/training, 50, 56, 63, 70
communism: fall of, 146
Con Coc Island (Vietnam): SEALs raid on POW camp on, 85
condoms, 29
Congress, U.S.
and formation of Special Operations Command, 256
and Goldwater-Nichols DOD Reorganization Act, 145
and JSO structure, 186
Coover, Paul, 255–56
cordon-and-search operations: in Iraq, 235–36
Coronado Amphibious Base (San Diego, California)
basic SEAL training at, 125, 138
Bonelli’s training at, 264
and founding of Navy SEALs, 66, 67
Lyons as instructor at, 58
and motivation of SEALs, 259
SEAL Team One at, 77, 78, 80
as UDT Pacific Fleet base, 50
Couch, Dick, 77, 78–90, 98, 100–105
CQD (close quarters defense), 173, 174–81
Cuba/Cubans
and Bruhmuller’s Radio Havana message, 74–75
and CIA, 60, 61–62, 63, 70, 71–72, 73, 75
and Cuban exile frogmen, 59–61, 62, 63, 70, 71, 72–75
and Grenada, 121, 123, 124, 127
and Isle of Pines operation, 59–63, 72–74
leaks about operations in, 75–76
and Russia, 59, 60, 75
and training for SEALs, 70
UDT and, 62, 63, 70, 71–72, 75
See also Bay of Pigs; Cuban Missile Crisis
Cuban Missile Crisis, 62, 63, 71–72
Curtis, Adam, 150, 151–54
D-Day (Omaha Beach, 1944)
as bloodiest day in U.S. naval special warfare, 13
operations on, 1–15
seventieth anniversary of, 15
Dam Neck, Virginia: NSWDG basein, 246
Danny (SEAL in Iraq), 243
daylight reconnaissance, 24
Defense Department, U.S., 145, 256
Del Giudice, David, 64, 65, 66–67, 90–91
Denver, Rorke, 22, 139
depth of water: importance of knowing, 23–24
Desert Shield/Storm (First Gulf War), 160–64, 165, 265
Devine, John A., 41–42
Diachenko, USS: in Korean War, 50–51
Dietz, Tom, 160, 161, 162–63, 164
direct-action missions, 70, 94, 165, 203, 220, 223, 227, 247, 258, 261. See also specific mission
Dix, Drew, 95, 96, 97
Dockery, Kevin, 71
Donovan, William “Wild Bill,” 31
Doran, George, 91
Draeger LAR-V rebreather, 57, 159
Drljaca, Simo, 168
Dry, Spencer “Spence,” 113, 114–16, 141
Dupras, Edward P., 52
Duquette, Herbert, 12
Dye, Chris, 159
Edwards, Dick, 47, 57
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 65
embassies, U.S.: al-Qaeda bombing of African, 169, 184, 191
enlisted men: bond between officers and, 22–23, 29
EOD (Explosive Ordnance Disposal), 47, 117, 195, 202, 214, 224
escape-and-evasion plans: in Grenada, 130–36
European Command, U.S., 21, 186, 256. See also D-Day; Omaha Beach
Fallujah, Battle of, 230, 232
“Fallujah model” battle plan, 221–22
families: of Navy SEALs, 267–68
Fane, Francis Douglas, 18, 44, 55
Fawcett, Bill, 71
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 31, 113, 170, 195, 197, 203
Fielding, Ted, 50
Fifth Amphibious Force, U.S., 23
Fifth Fleet, U.S., 23
fire and maneuver tactic, 130
1st Armored Division, U.S. Army, 223, 245
1st Brigade Combat Team (1st Armored Division), U.S., 223
1st Iraqi Brigade, 239
1st Marine Division, U.S., 39, 51
1st Marine Expeditionary Force, U.S., 207
Florida: Scouts and Raiders simulated raid in, 21–22
Foley, Warren “Fins,” 51
Forbes, Chuck, 211–15, 216–18
Ford, Gerald, 110
Fort Bragg, North Carolina, 69
Fort Pierce, Florida
NCDU/UDT training program at, 3, 5, 21, 22–23
UDT-Navy SEALs Museum at, 14, 15, 119
Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery: ceremony at, 255–56
Fourth Marine Division, 17
Fox Green Beach (D-Day), 11
Franks, Tommy, 200
Frey, Edward Ivan, 54
frogmen
Cuban exile, 59–61, 62, 63, 70, 71, 72–75
origin of term, 20n
The Frogmen (TV show), 140
funerals: of Navy SEALs, 260–61
fuse men, 28
Gap Assault Teams, Army-Navy: on Omaha Beach, 1–15
Geneva Convention, 128
Gentner, William E., 66
Gibbons, Joseph H., 11
Gilmer, USS: in World War II, 26, 36
Goldwater-Nichols DOD Reorganization Act (1986), 147
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 153
Gormly, Robert “Bob”
in Grenada, 141–46
memoir of, 246
in Sicily, 148–50
in Vietnam, 83, 119
Grabowsky, Ted, 91–92
Grayback, USS: in Vietnam War, 114, 115
Green Berets, U.S. Army, 64, 154
Green, Collin, 235
Grenada
casualties in, 141, 142, 146–47
civilians in, 127–28
Cubans and, 121, 123, 124, 127
escape-and-evasion plan in, 130–36
and fall of communism, 147
friendly fire in, 135
Gormly memoir about, 246
intelligence about, 138n, 139, 140, 146
lessons learned from, 148, 154, 164, 265
missions of SEALs in, 138–48
planning for invasion of, 139, 140–41, 146, 147
political chaos in, 123–24
role of SEALs in, 165, 186
and Russia, 124
as SEAL story of triumph and tragedy, 148
Thanksgiving Day in, 147
U.S. invasion of, 121–48, 138n, 139
GROM Special Forces, Polish, 212, 213, 218–19
Guadalcanal, 19
Guam: UDTs on, 27–28, 44
Guam, USS: and Grenada invasion, 122, 145
Gulf War, First
Mina Saud beach assault during, 160–64
Naval reserves in, 265
role of SEALs in, 165
Gustavel, Walt “Gus,” 80–81, 82, 89
Hagenbeck, Frank, 206
Hagensen, Carl P., 3
“Hagensen Pack,” 3
Hamas, 247
Hambleton, Iceal “Gene,” 107–10
Hanks, Tom, 249
“Hanoi Hilton” prison: rescue of POWs from, 113–16
Harward, Robert “Bob,” 189–90, 191, 192, 198–99, 200, 202, 203–4, 207, 208, 215
Hawaii Five-0 (TV show), 139
Hawkins, Tom, 18–19, 20n, 32, 63, 64–65, 67, 70, 83, 91, 93, 117, 118
“head fakes,” 159
helicopters
in Afghanistan, 192–94, 198, 202–3, 204–5, 206, 248
Black Hawk, 250
Chinook, 202–3
and Grenada invasion, 122, 126, 134, 135, 142, 143
and killing of bin Laden, 250, 251
Marine CH-53, 192–94, 202–3
Medevac, 83, 155
and Mugniyah capture, 170
helicopters (cont.)
and oil embargo on Saddam Hussein, 171, 172
in Panama, 155, 156
Pave Low, 192
recovery of UDT by, 30–31
and role of Navy SEALs, 56
as Seawolf gunships, 82–83, 86, 88, 89
in Somalia, 166, 253
in Vietnam War, 82–83, 86, 88, 89, 114–15, 118
Hell Week, 22, 68, 137
Hezbollah, 170, 247. See also Mugniyah, Imad
Higgins, Ed, 18, 38, 39, 40–41, 42
Higgins, Maggie, 96, 97
The History and Heritage of U.S. Navy SEALs (Hawkins), 70
Hitler, Adolf, 3, 5
Hollywood films: about SEALs, 139–40
Holt, Phil, 91
Horace A. Bass, USS: in Korean War, 51
hostage rescues, 261. See also specific mission
Humphries, Harry, 95–97
Hungnam, Korea: UDT operations in, 52–53
Hussein, Saddam
capture of, 187
and MABOT mission, 210
oil embargo on, 171–81
and oil-for-food program, 210
toppling of, 219
hypothermia, 49
Ibn Tufail (Mugniyah ship), 170
Inchon, Korea, 52, 55
Indian Head, Maryland: Navy mine planning and analysis headquarters at, 48
instructors
for Cuban operations, 71–72
for training of Navy SEALs, 58, 68, 69–70, 137
intelligence
“actionable,” 81
in Afghanistan, 94, 186, 190
and beginning of war on terrorism, 169
and Bosnia operation, 168
and First Gulf War, 161
and Grenada invasion, 138n, 139, 140, 146
importance of, 186
in Iraq, 94, 186, 207, 208, 209, 211, 214, 215, 229, 238
locally developed, 94, 119, 186
and Mugniyah capture, 171
and post-9/11 deployments, 185
real-time, 185
in Vietnam War, 81, 94, 105, 106, 111, 119
International Security Studies Program, Tufts University, 169
Iran: attempted rescue of American hostages in, 138, 146, 164, 265
Iran-Iraq War, 160, 210
Iraq
al-Qaeda in, 219–34, 239, 245, 247
and Battle of Ramadi, 219–34
casualties in, 228–29, 233, 234–35, 237–38, 240, 242, 244, 245
civilians in, 241
cordon-and-search operations in, 235–36
and First Gulf War, 160–64
as focus of SEAL operations, 185
intelligence in, 94, 186, 207, 208, 209, 211, 214, 215, 229, 238
Iraqi police in, 235, 239, 245
multi-unit, multi-service operations in, 203
oil embargo on, 171–81
oil/pumping facilities in, 207–19
prosthetic leg SEAL in, 207
Republican Guards in, 215, 216–17, 218
SEALs as urban fighters in, 185
snipers in, 226, 229–34, 236, 237
training of military and police in, 220, 222, 229, 231
U.S. invasion of, 207–11
U.S. pullout from, 245
Isle of Pines (Cuba), 59–63, 72–74
IV Corps sector, U.S. (Vietnam War), 99
Iwo Jima: UDT operations on, 35–38, 44
Japan
U.S. invasion of, 43
See also specific island or battle
Job, Ryan, 236, 237, 238
Johnson, Lyndon B., 76
Joint Meritorious Unit Award, 150
Junior Officers Training Course, 104
Juno Beach (D-Day, 1944), 13
K-bar headquarters (Afghanistan). See Harward, Bob
Ka-bar knife, 14–15, 19, 47, 83, 93, 120, 189, 255
KAAOT (Khawr al-Amaya Oil Terminal) (Iraq), 210, 212, 213, 215, 218
Kaiser, Rick, 165–66, 167–68
Kauffman, Admiral, 18, 25
Kauffman, Draper
awards and honors for, 26, 27
and bond between officers and enlisted men, 22–23
Hell Week and, 22, 68
and NCDU/UDT training programs, 21, 22–23, 68
and Okinawa, 43
professional background of, 20–21
and Saipan, 16–18, 19, 23–24, 25–27
and Tarawa, 23
and uniqueness of UDT men, 43–44
Kelly, Orr, 156
Kendall, Jason, 121–38, 144
Kennedy, John F., 61, 62, 63–64, 66, 71, 75, 256
Kennedy, Robert F., 61, 62
Kenworthy, Robert, 33–34
Kerrey, Joseph “Bob,” 105–6
Kiet, Nguyen van, 109–10
Kim family (North Korean dictators), 56
King, Ernest J., 29–30
Kit Carson Scouts, South Vietnamese, 82, 84, 87, 88
Klinghoffer, Leon, 149
Knights Armament Company, 231
Koehler, John T., 20
Koester, Tom, 6
Komar missile boats (Cuban operations), 60, 72–74
Korean War, 69
casualties in, 51, 53–54, 55
China and, 52, 55, 57
historians’ views about, 55
and packing slip in mine incident, 57
Russia and, 57
and South Korean guerrilla teams, 54–55
truce in, 55
UDTs in, 46–56
United Nations and, 52–53, 55
and Wonsan Harbor operations, 46–49, 58
Krstic, Radislav, 168–69
Kuwait
and First Gulf War, 160–64
and SEAL reactions to 9/11, 182–83
Kuykendall, Hal, 97–98
Kwajalein Island: UDT operations on, 24
Kyle, Chris, 230�
�31, 232–33, 236
Lambertsen Amphibious Respiratory Unit (LARU), 32, 56–57
Lambertsen, Christian, 56
Latham, Don, 178, 179, 180, 181
LDNNs (Lien Doc Nguoi Nhia) program, 98, 101, 102, 111
leaders, combat
character of, 103–5
latitude and responsibility of, 116
League of Nations, 17
Lebanon, 150, 170
Lee, Marc, 234–35, 236, 237–38, 245
Leonard, Wellington “Duke,” 143, 145–46
Lewis, Bob “Bobby Lew,” 149, 150
Leyte: UDT operations on, 34–35, 44
Liberia: Operation Assured Response (1996) in, 137
limpet mines, 59, 73–74
Little Creek Amphibious Base (Norfolk, Virginia)
and founding of Navy SEALs, 66, 67
Scouts and Raiders training at, 8
SEALs training at, 139
UDT-22 at, 69
as UDT Atlantic base, 50
London Daily Mail, 168–69
Lone Survivor (Luttrell), 127
Long Beach, USS: in Vietnam War, 114
looting: during Vietnam War, 88
Lowery, Randy, 182–83
LSSC (Light SEALs Support Craft), 81, 88, 89, 97, 98
Luehrs, Lewis E., 24
Lundberg, Kevin, 142
Luttrell, Marcus, 127, 259
Lyon, Dick, in Korean War, 46–49, 57–58
MABOT mission (Iraq), 207–19
MacArthur, Douglas, 35, 43, 52
MacFarland, Sean, 221–22, 228–29, 238, 239
MacMahon, John C., 33
Magnum, P.I. (TV show), 139
Maguire, Joe, 69, 159, 260, 261
Marines, British Royal, 213
Marines, U.S.
in Afghanistan, 189, 191, 192, 193, 194–95, 196–97, 198, 199, 200, 202–3
on Angaur Island, 34
and Beirut bombing, 170
and First Gulf War, 160, 163
Force Reconnaissance Units of, 64
and Grenada invasion, 136, 140, 141, 142, 144, 145–46
on Guam, 27
in Iraq, 207, 213, 218, 220, 222, 223, 224, 227, 231, 233, 238
on Iwo Jima, 35–36, 37–38
and Ka-bar knife, 189
in Korean War, 49, 50, 51, 52
and Mugniyah mission, 171
on Okinawa, 38–39, 42
in Panama, 153, 157
PRUs and, 99
and Saipan, 17, 27
on Tarawa, 19, 23
in Vietnam, 91, 94, 99, 118
Maritime Unit, OSS, 20n, 31–33, 45, 56, 256
Marshall Islands, 24
Marshall, S.L.A., 2–3
Martin, Philip “Moki,” 114–15
mattresses, 25–26, 32
Maui: UDT base in, 20, 23, 24
Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 104
McCone, John, 62
McFaul, Donald, 157
McGarrett, Steve, 139
McGrath, Tom, 68–69
McMaster, H.R., 221
McNamara, Robert, 63
McRaven, William, 67, 125, 249, 257–58
Medal of Honor awards, 95, 105, 106, 110, 113, 187, 245, 259
Medevac helicopters, 83, 155