The Inklings
Page 35
The World’s Last Night and other essays New York, Harcourt, Brace & Co, 1960
A Grief Observed Faber & Faber, 1961 (as N. W. Clerk; reprinted 1964 as by C. S. Lewis)
An Experiment in Criticism Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1961
They Asked for a Paper: Papers and Addresses Geoffrey Bles, 1962
Letters to Malcolm: Chiefly on Prayer Geoffrey Bles, 1964
The Discarded Image: An Introduction to Medieval and Renaissance Literature Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1964
Poems (edited by Walter Hooper) Geoffrey Bles, 1964
Screwtape Proposes a Toast and Other Pieces Fontana Books, 1965
Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Literature (collected by Walter Hooper) Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1966
Letters of C. S. Lewis (edited with an introduction by W. H. Lewis) Geoffrey Bles, 1966 [Letters]
Of Other Worlds: essays and stories (edited by Walter Hooper) Geoffrey Bles, 1966
Christian Reflections (edited by Walter Hooper) Geoffrey Bles, 1967
Spenser’s Images of Life (edited by Alistair Fowler) Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1967
Letters to an American Lady (edited by Clyde S. Kilby) Hodder & Stoughton, 1969
Narrative Poems (edited by Walter Hooper) Geoffrey Bles, 1969
Selected Literary Essays (edited by Walter Hooper) Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1969
Undeceptions: Essays on Theology and Ethics (edited by Walter Hooper) Geoffrey Bles, 1971 (Published in America as God in the Dock)
Fern-seed and Elephants, and other essays on Christianity (edited by Walter Hooper) Fontana Books, 1976
The Dark Tower and other stories (edited by Walter Hooper) Collins, 1977
(In preparation: an edition of C. S. Lewis’s letters to Arthur Greeves, to be edited by Walter Hooper and published by Collins; see note in section D, below.)
J. R. R. TOLKIEN
A Middle English Vocabulary Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1922
(co-edition with E. V. Gordon) Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1925
‘Ancrene Wisse and Hali Meiðhad’, Essays and Studies by members of the English Association, Volume XIV, pp. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1929
‘Beowulf: the Monsters and the Critics’, Proceedings of the British Academy, 22 (1936), pp. Oxford University Press, 1937
The Hobbit: or There and Back Again Allen & Unwin, 1937
Farmer Giles of Ham Allen & Unwin, 1949
‘The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm’s Son’, Essays and Studies by members of the English Association, New Series Volume VI, pp. John Murray, 1953
The Fellowship of the Ring: being the first part of The Lord of the Rings Allen & Unwin, 1954
The Two Towers: being the second part of The Lord of the Rings Allen & Unwin, 1954
The Return of the King: being the third part of The Lord of the Rings Allen & Unwin, 1955
The Adventures of Tom Bombadil and other verses from The Red Book Allen & Unwin, 1962
Ancrene Wisse: the English Text of the Ancrene Riwle, edited from MS. Corpus Christi College Cambridge 402, Early English Text Society No. 249 Oxford University Press, 1962
Tree and Leaf Allen & Unwin, 1964
Smith of Wootton Major Allen & Unwin, 1967
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl, and Sir Orfeo translated into modern English (edited by Christopher Tolkien) Allen & Unwin, 1975
The Father Christmas Letters (edited by Baillie Tolkien) Allen & Unwin, 1976
The Silmarillion (edited by Christopher Tolkien) Allen & Unwin, 1977
CHARLES WILLIAMS
The Silver Stair Herbert & Daniel, 1912
Poems of Conformity Oxford University Press, 1917
Divorce Oxford University Press, 1920
Windows of Night Oxford University Press, 1924
The Masque of the Manuscript Privately printed by Henderson & Spalding, 1927
A Myth of Shakespeare Oxford University Press, 1928
The Masque of Perusal Privately printed by Henderson & Spalding, 1929
War in Heaven Gollancz, 1930
Heroes and Kings The Sylvan Press, 1930
Poetry at Present Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1930 (edited) The Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins Oxford University Press, 1930
Many Dimensions Gollancz, 1931
Three Plays Oxford University Press, 1931
The Place of the Lion Gollancz, 1931
The Greater Trumps Gollancz, 1932
The English Poetic Mind Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1932
Shadows of Ecstasy Gollancz, 1933
Bacon Arthur Barker, 1933
Reason and Beauty in the Poetic Mind Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1933
James I Arthur Barker, 1934
Rochester Arthur Barker, 1935 (edited) The New Book of English Verse Gollancz, 1935
Queen Elizabeth Duckworth, 1936
Thomas Cranmer of Canterbury Oxford University Press, 1936
Descent into Hell Faber & Faber, 1937
Henry VII Arthur Barker, 1937
He Came Down From Heaven Heinemann, 1938
Taliessin Through Logres Oxford University Press, 1938
Judgement at Chelmsford Oxford University Press, 1939
The Descent of the Dove: A Short History of the Holy Spirit in the Church Longmans, 1939
Witchcraft Faber & Faber, 1941
The Forgiveness of Sins Geoffrey Bles, 1942
The Figure of Beatrice: a study in Dante Faber & Faber, 1943
The Region of the Summer Stars Poetry (London) Editions, 1944
All Hallows’ Eve Faber & Faber, 1945
The House of the Octopus Edinburgh House Press, 1945
Flecker of Dean Close Canterbury Press, 1946
Seed of Adam and other plays Oxford University Press, 1948
Arthurian Torso (containing ‘The Figure of Arthur’ (unfinished) by Charles Williams and ‘Williams and the Arthuriad’ by C. S. Lewis) Oxford University Press, 1948
The Image of the City and other essays (selected by Anne Ridler, with a critical introduction and bibliography) Oxford University Press, 1958
Collected Plays of Charles Williams (edited by John Heath-Stubbs) Oxford University Press, 1963
Taliessin Through Logres, The Region of the Summer Stars, and Arthurian Torso (qq.v. above) published in one volume by William B. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1974 (introduction by Mary McDermott Shideler)
B Biographical studies
The following are the principal studies of the lives of Lewis, Tolkien and Williams:
Roger Lancelyn Green and Walter Hooper, C. S. Lewis: a biography Collins, 1974 [Green & Hooper]
Douglas Gilbert and Clyde S. Kilby, C. S. Lewis: Images of His World William B. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1973
Humphrey Carpenter, J. R. R. Tolkien: a biography Allen & Unwin, 1977
A. M. Hadfield, An Introduction to Charles Williams Robert Hale, 1959 [Hadfield]
Anne Ridler, critical introduction to The Image of the City and other essays by Charles Williams Oxford University Press, 1958
Memoirs of Charles Williams are sometimes published in the Newsletter of the Charles Williams Society. Inquiries should be addressed to the Editor at 13 Princess Road, London NW1.
C Other relevant books
Light on C. S. Lewis (edited by Jocelyn Gibb, with contributions by Owen Barfield and others) Geoffrey Bles, 1965
John Wain, Sprightly Running: Part of an Autobiography Macmillan, 1963
D Unpublished material
1 C. S. Lewis The two principal collections of letters and papers are in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, and the Wade Collection, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois. Each of these libraries also possess photocopies of most of the other’s holdings, so that the greater part of the material is accessible in each place. These are the principal items held in these institutions (some items are reserved, but the majority are available for public consultation):
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The Lewis Papers The title generally given to eleven volumes of typescript, compiled by W. H. Lewis and actually titled ‘Memoirs of the Lewis Family’. A transcript of letters, diaries, and other family papers covering the early history of the family and also giving a detailed account of the lives of Jack, Warnie, and their father up to 1930. The originals are in the Wade Collection. [LP]
Letters from C. S. Lewis to Arthur Greeves The originals are in the Wade Collection, and the Bodleian has photocopies. The letters are shortly to be published by Collins in an edition by Walter Hooper. [CSL to Greeves]
The Great War Correspondence between C. S. Lewis and Owen Barfield during the nineteen-twenties. The originals are in the Wade Collection, and the Bodleian has photocopies.
Letters from C. S. Lewis to W. H. Lewis The originals are in the Wade collection, and the Bodleian has photocopies. [CSL to WHL]
Several hundred other letters from C. S. Lewis to miscellaneous correspondents are available for consultation in both the Wade Collection and the Bodleian. Because of this dual accessibility, I have not specified in my notes (Appendix C) which library houses the originals.
2 W. H. Lewis The diaries of Warnie Lewis [WHL diary] are housed in the Wade Collection, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois. At the present time they are not available for public consultation. The Wade Collection also houses a typescript by Warnie Lewis entitled ‘C. S. Lewis: A Biography’, which is in effect his first draft for Letters of C. S. Lewis, but which contains substantially more biographical information about his brother than appears in the printed volume [WHL biography of CSL].
3 J. R. R. Tolkien The majority of Tolkien’s unpublished papers are in the keeping of his Estate and are not available for public consultation. In this book, quotations from his letters (except those to Christopher Tolkien) have generally been taken from carbons retained by him or from first drafts which he retained.
Letters from J. R. R. Tolkien to Christopher Tolkien [JRRT to CRT]
The Ulsterior Motive An unpublished essay by Tolkien written in 1964, which originated as a critique of Lewis’s Letters to Malcolm [UM]
4 Charles Williams The principal collections of unpublished papers relating to Williams are housed as follows:
Williams’s letters to his wife, 1939 to 1945 Wade Collection, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois. [CW to MW] Williams’s letters to Raymond Hunt Wade Collection. [CW to RH]
Williams’s letters to Thelma Shuttleworth Bodleian. [CW to TS]
Williams’s letters to Anne Ridler [CW to AR] are in the possession of Anne Ridler, and I am particularly grateful to her for allowing me to consult them.
APPENDIX C
Sources of quotations
The quotations used in the text are identified in this list by the number of the page on which they appear, and by the first few words quoted. When two or more quotations from the same source follow each other in a brief space, I have generally only used the first words of the first quotation for identification. Abbreviations refer to the Bibliography (Appendix B) where the full title of the work or source is given.
Except on rare occasions, I have not indicated elisions within quotations, and have omitted the row of dots customary in such circumstances.
In cases where a number of different editions of a work are available, I have given a reference to a chapter number or title rather than to a page number.
page 3
‘My Life during …’, LP iii, p. 80 ff.
page 4
‘It was sea and islands …’, SBJ chapter 1.
page 5
‘Pure “Northernness” engulfed me’, SBJ chapter 5. ‘Not only does this persecution …’, LP iv, p. 152.
page 6
‘Please take me out of this …’, LP iv, p. 152. ‘Stop! What do you mean …’, SBJ chapter 9.
page 7
‘I have no opinions. …’, SBJ chapter 9. ‘I had thought that you were …’, LP v, p. 130. ‘How one does want to read everything’, CSL to Greeves, 15 February 1917.
page 8
‘Those mystic parts …’, LP v, p. 127. ‘a great literary experience’, Letters, p. 27. ‘While admirably adapted …’, LP v, p. 74. ‘Lewis and Moore …’, WHL diary, 16 February 1934. ‘I don’t think …’, CSL to Greeves, 15 February 1917.
page 9
‘hadn’t got on at all well’, WHL diary, 29 April 1950. ‘to look after me …’, LP vi, p. 45. ‘the horribly smashed men …’, SBJ chapter 12. ‘What, brother, brother …’, ‘Dymer’, Narrative Poems, p. 39.
page 10
‘It is too cut off …’ and ‘At that moment …’, SBJ chapter 12. ‘the Beast’, LP vii, p. 116. ‘our hired house’ and ‘After lunch …’, CSL to Greeves, 26 January 1919.
page 11
‘He is as good …’, Letters, p. 16. ‘The hopeless business …’, LP viii, p. 152. ‘He has read more classics …’ and ‘He is a student …’, LP v, p. 74.
page 12
‘Jack’s affair’, Green & Hooper, p. 62. ‘most of them vile’, LP viii, p. 134. ‘she was quite convinced …’, LP vii, p. 284. ‘I’m afraid I shall …’, CSL to Greeves, 15 October 1918.
page 13
‘it really made no difference …’, Green & Hooper, p. 67. ‘the exclusive subject …’ and ‘I do not blame D …’, LP viii, p. 142.
page 14
‘Minto’s mares’ nests’, LP x, p. 231. ‘the perpetual interruptions …’ and ‘This sounds as if …’, LP x, p. 231. ‘The atmosphere of the English school …’, LP vii, p. 254. ‘Very good stuff …’, LP vii, p. 267.
page 15
‘In spite of many …’ and ‘We were neither of us …’-LP viii, pp. 74–5. ‘Hige sceal …’, The Battle of Maldon, 312-3. (The translation is taken from Tolkien’s Homecoming of Beorhtnotb.)
page 16
‘Everyone may allegorise …’, Narrative Poems, p. 3. ‘old, old, matriarchal dreadfulness’, ibid. p. 32.
page 17
‘Several Univ. people …’, Letters, p. 87. ‘beautiful beyond compare’, ibid. p. 104. ‘I am beginning to be rather disillusioned …’, LP x, p. 75.
page 18
‘He thinks of himself …’, LP ix, p. 125. ‘He has great abilities …’, ibid. p. 123. ‘He practises what …’, CSL to Owen Barfield, 27 May 1928. ‘A country club …’ and ‘I really don’t know …’, LP x, p. 95.
page 19
‘Balkan Sobranies …’, John Betjeman, Summoned by Bells, John Murray, 1960, p. 93. ‘Betjeman and Valentin …’, Letters, p. 108. ‘Thus Æ to E …’, Letters, p. 164.
page 20
‘I cut tutorials …’, Summoned by Bells (see above), p. 93. ‘While in College …’, LP ix, p. 144. ‘in his arid room’ and ‘You’d have only …’, Summoned by Bells, p. 109. ‘indebted to Mr. C. S. Lewis …’, John Betjeman, Continual Dew, John Murray, 1937, preface.
page 21
‘Objectively our Common Room …’, ibid. p. 20. ‘Bridget is the elder …’, LP ix, p. 110.
page 22
‘only real line’, Green & Hooper, p. 89. ‘I wish there was …’, CSL to A. K. H. Jenkin, 4 November 1925. ‘Tolkien managed to get …’, LP ix, pp. 89–90.
page 26
‘jettisoning certainly …’, ‘The Oxford English School’, Oxford Magazine, 29 May 1930, pp. 778–82.
page 28
‘When we were enrolled …’, conversation with the author, 10 December 1975. ‘Spent the morning …’, LP ix, p. 155. ‘One week I …’, CSL to Greeves, 3 December 1929. ‘What? You too? …’, The Four Loves, chapter 4.
page 29
‘the nameless North’ and ‘desired dragons …’, EPCW p. 63.
page 30
Quotations from Tolkien’s poem, from Lewis’s letter to Tolkien, and Lewis’s suggested emendations: MSS, Estate of J. R. R. Tolkien.
page 32
‘Tolkien is the man …’, CSL to Greeves, 30 January 1930. ‘The unpayable debt …’, JRRT to Dick Plotz, 12 September 1965. �
��Friendship with Lewis …’, diary of J. R. R. Tolkien, 1 October 1933.
page 33
‘one of my friends …’, CSL to Greeves, 22 September 1931.
page 34
‘given tea by a postmistress …’ and ‘ham and eggs’, LP ix, p. 229. This time we …’, LP x, p. 40 ff.
page 35
‘Some of the others …’, CSL to Greeves, 29 April 1930. ‘We had a long, tiresome …’, WHL diary, 11 August 1933. ‘Owen’s dark …’, CSL to W. O. Field, 10 May 1943.
page 36
‘got through the serious …’, LP ix, p. 126. ‘a re-assuring Germanic …’SBJ chapter 13.
page 37
‘Imaginative vision …’, ‘The Great War’ (correspondence between CSL and Barfield).
page 38
‘I wonder can you …’, Letters, p. 152. ‘Dear Warnie …’, CSL to Greeves, 27 December 1940. ‘To-day, I got up …’, WHL diary, 21 December 1932.
page 39
‘I reviewed …’, LP xi, p. 179. ‘to postulate …’, CSL to Leo Baker, September 1920. ‘our ideas are …’, LP viii, p. 172. Quotations referring to Lewis’s developing philosophical ideas are from SBJ chapter 14.
page 40
‘Joy was not …’, SBJ chapter 14. ‘All my ideas …’, LP ix, pp. 96–7. ‘One needn’t be …’, LP ix, p. 109. ‘the danger of …’, LP ix, p. 144. ‘showing an alarming tendency …’, Letters, p. 141. ‘became aware that …’, SBJ chapter 14. ‘admitted that God was God’, ibid.
page 41
‘gave in and knelt and prayed’, ibid. ‘My outlook is now …’, CSL to A. K. H. Jenkin, 21 March 1930.
page 42
‘You might like to know …’, CSL to Barfield, undated (? 1928). ‘Languages are a disease of mythology’, EPCW, p. 50. ‘liked him so much …’, CSL to Greeves, 29 July 1930. ‘a man who really …’, ibid. The account of the conversation between Lewis, Tolkien and Dyson is based on Lewis’s letter to Greeves of 22 September 1931 and on Tolkien’s poem ‘Mythopoeia’ (MS., Estate of J. R. R. Tolkien), which was written to commemorate the conversation.