The Orphan Brigade: The Kentucky Confederates Who Couldn't Go Home

by Davis, William C.

  8. Kirwan, Johnny Green, p. 12; Jackman Diary (Nov. 1861); Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 47, 431.

  9. George B. Hodge to John R. Chambliss (Jan. 2, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, Letters, Telegrams Received and Sent by General Breckinridge’s Command (Dec. 1861–Nov. 1863), RG 109, NA; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 420–21, 703, 712, 728–29; Hiram Hawkins to Samuel Cooper (June 18, 1862), Hiram Hawkins Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA.

  10. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 45, 444, 481, 804; Joseph H. Lewis, “To the People” (Sept. 23, 1861), Joseph H. Lewis Scrapbook in possession of Mrs. Helene Lewis Gildred, San Diego, Calif.; Joseph H. Lewis, Compiled Service Record, Martin Cofer to Alex Cassaday (Nov. 27, 1861), Martin Cofer, Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA.

  11. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 457, 630, 860, 862; unnumbered special order (Nov. 1, 1861), Chap. II, Vol. 306, Inventory (Nov. 11, 1861), Robert Cobb, Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA.

  12. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 46, 457, 860; Special Orders 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (Nov. 16, 1861), Special Order 13 (Dec. 3, 1861), Chap. II, Vol. 316, Military Departments, Special Orders Received, 1st Kentucky Brigade (Nov. 1861–Oct. 1862), RG 109, NA; Fred Joyce, “Why Sue Mundy Became a Guerrilla and Some Facts Concerning His Early Life,” Southern Bivouac, II (Nov. 1883), pp. 125–26.

  13. Hawes Service Record, Roger W. Hanson, Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA; J. Winston Coleman, Jr., Famous Kentucky Duels (Lexington, 1969), pp. 89–95; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 375–77; Lexington, Sunday Leader (June 13, 1897); Duke, Reminiscences, pp. 138–40; Thompson, First Kentucky Brigade, p. 332.

  14. O.R., I, 4, pp. 484; Simon B. Buckner to Joseph E. Johnston (Feb. 6, 1863), Simon B. Buckner Papers, Huntington Library, San Marino, Calif.

  15. See Davis, Breckinridge, pp. 268–96 passim; Jackman Diary, undated clipping; Louisville Journal (Oct. 14, 1861); L. B. Ulmer, “A Glimpse of Johnstone Through the Smoke of Shiloh” (1901), Choctaw County Public Library, Butler, Ala.; “Address of John C. Breckinridge” (Oct. 8, 1861), Moore, Rebellion Record, III, documents, pp. 254–59.

  16. O.R., I, 4, p. 445; Richmond Daily Dispatch (Oct. 22, Nov. 7, 1861); John B. Jones, A Rebel War Clerk’s Diary at the Confederate States Capital (Philadelphia, Pa., 1866), I, p. 95.

  17. H. E. Horde, “Recollections of Gen. J. C. Breckinridge,” Confederate Veteran, XVII (Dec. 1909), p. 594.

  18. Special Order No. 8 (Nov. 17, 1861), Chap. II, Vol. 316, General Orders Nos. 1, 2 (Nov. 16, 1861), Chap. II, Vol. 307, Military Departments, Orders and Circulars Received, 1st Kentucky Brigade (Nov. 1861–Apr. 1864), Morning Reports Nov. 5, 6, Dec. 25, 1861), Chap. II, Vol. 317, Military Departments, Morning Reports, 1st Kentucky Brigade (Nov. 1861–Feb. 1862), RG 109, NA.

  19. General Order No. 2 (Nov. 16, 1861), Chap. II, Vol. 307, George B. Hodge to Buckner (Jan. 2, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, Robert P. Trabue to Breckinridge (Jan. 17, 1862), Trabue, Compiled Service Record, “Quartermaster Stores Delivered to Ed Porter Thompson” (Feb. 2, 1862), Thompson, Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 439; Thomas H. Hunt to Hodge (Jan. 1862), Hunt, Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA.

  20. Johnson to Buckner (Oct. 29, 1861), Johnson Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 48–49.

  21. Breckinridge to Charles Dimmock (Nov. 31, 1861), in “Governor Letcher’s Official Correspondence,” Southern Historical Society Papers, I (June 1876), p. 461; unnumbered special order (Oct. 30, 1861), Chap. II, Vol. 306, Hodge to George Cosby (Dec. 5, 1861), Breckinridge to ? (Dec. 11, 1861), Hodge to Chambliss (Jan. 2, 1862), Hodge to Cosby (Jan. 2, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, Hodge to Allen (Dec. 19, 1861), Chap. II, Vol. 316, RG 109, NA.

  22. H. E. Ferguson to “Dear Sister” (Jan. 26, 1862), in possession of Mrs. Howard Jones, Glasgow, Ky. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 50, 57–58; Weller, “The Fourth Kentucky,” pp. 349–50; Hodge to Cosby (Dec. 6, 1861), Chap. II, Vol. 311, Special Order No. 17 (Dec. 6, 1861), No. 21 (Dec. 11, 1861), Chap. II, Vol. 316, entry (Sept. 17, 1861), Chap. VI, Vol. 663, RG 109, NA.

  23. Special Order No. 18 (Dec. 8, 1861), No. 26 (Dec. 15, 1861), No. 30 (Dec. 19, 1861), Chap. II, Vol. 316, unnumbered special orders (Oct. 30, 31, Nov. 3, 4, 10, 1861), Chap. II, Vol. 306, General Order No. 3 (Nov. 30, 1861), No. 8 (Dec. 27, 1861), Chap. II, Vol. 307, Military Departments, Orders and Circulars Received, 1st Kentucky Brigade (Nov. 1861–Apr. 1864), RG 109, NA; Lexington Morning Herald (Nov. 1, 1897).

  24. Weller, “The Fourth Kentucky,” p. 348; “Orphan Brigade Items,” Southern Bivouac, III (Mar. 1885), p. 322; “Taps,” Southern Bivouac, II (Nov. 1883), p. 139; Ferguson to “Dear Sister” (Jan. 26, 1862), Ferguson Letters; “Taps,” Southern Bivouac, I (Feb. 1883), pp. 271–72.

  25. Undated clipping, Jackman Diary; General Order No. 7 (Dec. 25, 1861), Chap. II, Vol. 307, RG 109, NA; “H.C.S.,” Southern Bivouac, I (Dec. 1882), p. 147; “Youth’s Department,” Southern Bivouac, II (June 1884), p. 468.

  26. Duke, Morgan’s Cavalry, p. 93; Duke, Reminiscences, pp. 95–99, 142; Thompson, First Kentucky Brigade, pp. 335–36.

  27. Duke, Morgan’s Cavalry, pp. 208–9; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 59; Hodge to Morgan (Dec. 16, 1861), Chap. II, Vol. 311, Special Order No. 242 (Dec. 1, 1861), Chap. II, Vol. 316, Report (Sept. 29, 1861), Chap. VI, Vol. 663, Morning Reports (Nov. 5–Dec. 10, 1861), Chap. II, Vol. 317, RG 109, NA; Duke, Reminiscences, p. 142.

  28. Hunt to Hodge (Dec. 11, 1861), Hunt, Compiled Service Record, Breckinridge to colonels of the 3d, 4th, 5th, and 6th Kentuckys (Jan. 27, 1862), Hodge to Andrew Hynes (Feb. 6, 1862), Hodge to Chambliss (Jan. 2, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, General Order No. 10 (Feb. 1, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 307, RG 109, NA; Duke, Reminiscences, pp. 134–36; Ferguson to “Dear Sister” (Nov. 12, 1861), Ferguson Letters; United States Congress, Congressional Record (Washington, D.C., 1921), LXI, Part 7, 67th Cong., 1st sess., p. 7,393; A. E. Young to “Dear Brother” (Dec. 16, 1861), A. E. Young Letters in possession of Mrs. Howard Jones.

  29. Reuben Davis, Recollections of Mississippi and Mississippians (University, Miss., 1972), pp. 422–24; Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 14–15; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 518, 603.

  30. Confederate Veteran, XXVIII (Feb. 1920), pp. 61–62; Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 14–15; LeGrand J. Wilson, The Confederate Soldier (Memphis, Tenn., 1973), pp. 42–43; A. E. Young to “Dear Brother” (Dec. 16, 1861), A. E. Young Letters; Chap. VIII, Vol. 69, Clothing Account Book, Co. C., 4th Ky. Vols., 1862–64, p. 222, RG 109, NA.

  FOUR

  1. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 52–54; Frankfort, Kentucky Yeoman (Nov. 29, 1861); O.R., I, 4, pp. 539–40, 551–52, Vol. 52, Part 2, pp. 195–96, Vol. 7, pp. 447, 698, 707–8; Hunt to R. Morgan (Jan. 7, 1861), Hunt, Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA.

  2. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 55–56, 431; O.R., I, 7, pp. 781–82; Breckinridge to William J. Hardee (Dec. 21, 1861), Chap. II, Vol. 311; Gervis D. Grainger, Four Years with the Boys in Gray (Franklin, Ky., 1902), p. 6; Jackman Diary (Dec. 23, 1861), and clipping on p. 197; Hardee to Breckinridge (Dec. 22, 1861), John C. Breckinridge Papers, Chicago Historical Society; Ferguson to “Dear Sister” (Jan. 26, 1862), Ferguson Letters.

  3. O.R., I, 7, pp. 840–41, 864, 865; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 62.

  4. O.R., I, 7, pp. 418–19, 861–62; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 76–79; Chap. VI, Vol. 663, p. 1, General Order No. 17 (Feb. 12, 1862), No. 18 (Feb. 13, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 307, Morning Report (Feb. 11, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 317, RG 109, NA; Kirwan, Johnny Green, p. 16.

  5. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 78; Hodge, First Kentucky Brigade, pp. 10–11.

  6. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 78–79; “Nondescript,” “Heel and Toe,” pp. 256–57.

  7. Undated clippings in Jackman Diary. For a discussion of the origins of the name Orphan Brigade, see the author’s Introduction to the 1973 edition of Thompson’s Orphan Brigade, pp. vii–ix. The earliest usage in print is in Thompson, First Kentucky Brigade, p. 386, in 1868. Jackman uses it once in his diary but, since this was transcri
bed in 1865–66, it could be a postwar addition. Still, if it is referred to this soon after the war, it was almost certainly coined—though not much used—during the war.

  8. O.R., I, 7, pp. 342–43; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 62–63; Roger W. Hanson to Virginia Hanson (Mar. 23, 1862), Roger W. Hanson Papers, Library of Congress.

  9. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 63–65, 75, 598.

  10. O.R., I, 7, pp. 343–44, 348; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 65–67, 73; John A. Wyeth, That Devil Forrest (New York, 1959), pp. 46–47; Thomas Jordan and J. P. Pryor, The Campaigns of Lieut.-Gen. N. B. Forrest, and of Forrest’s Cavalry (Dayton, O., 1973), pp. 81–84.

  11. O.R., I, 7, pp. 294, 333, 337, 340, 344–45; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 66–69, 73, 74, 355, 560; pay voucher, Hanson, Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA; Frank Funk, “Fort Donelson,” Southern Bivouac, I (May–June 1883), pp. 345–46; “Taps,” Southern Bivouac, II (Oct. 1883), p. 88; James Hewitt to R. G. T. Beauregard (Apr. 14, 1862), James Hewitt, Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA; S. M. H. Byers, Iowa in War Times (Des Moines, Ia., 1888), p. 105; Bromfield L. Ridley, Battles and Sketches of the Army of Tennessee (Dayton, O., 1978), p. 67.

  12. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 69–71, 79–80; Hodge, First Kentucky Brigade, pp. 11–12; Kirwan, Johnny Green, p. 17.

  13. Hodge, First Kentucky Brigade, pp. 15–18; General Order No. 19 (Feb. 18, 1862), No. 23 (Feb. 23, 1862), No. 26 (Mar. 4, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 307, RG 109, NA; Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 17–18.

  14. O.R., I, 7, p. 905; Hodge to Hardee (Jan. 5, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, RG 109, NA; James B. Clay to James B. Clay, Jr. (Jan. 26, 1862), Thomas J. Clay Papers, Library of Congress.

  15. Hodge, First Kentucky Brigade, pp. 17–18; Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 18–19; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 80, 98–99.

  16. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 80, 98; O.R., I, 7, p. 261; Davis, Breckinridge, pp. 301–2.

  17. Davis, Breckinridge, p. 301; Trabue to Thomas H. Winstead (Mar. 20, 1862), Thomas H. Winstead Papers in possession of Mr. Thomas D. Winstead, Elizabethtown, Ky.; Grainger, Boys in Gray, p. 7; Hunt to Hodge (Mar. 26, 1862), Hunt Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA; Jackman Diary.

  18. Breckinridge to Major Brewster (Mar. 27, 1862), Hodge to Statham (Mar. 31, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, General Order No. 4 (Mar. 14, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 307, Hunt to Major Brewster (Mar. 24, 1862), Hunt Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA.

  19. Jackman Diary (Mar. 30–Apr. 4, 1862); Kirwan, Johnny Green, p. 19; O.R., I, 10, Part 2, p. 389; Breckinridge to Thomas Jordan (Apr. 21, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, RG 109, NA.

  20. Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 19–20; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 81–82; Davis, Breckinridge, pp. 303–4.

  FIVE

  1. Jackman Diary (Apr. 6, 1862); Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 25–26; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 501, 597; Thompson, First Kentucky Brigade, p. 501; Trabue to Brewster (Mar. 23, 1862), Trabue Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA.

  2. Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 25–26; John H. Weller, “History of the Fourth Kentucky Infantry,” Southern Historical Society Papers, IX (Mar. 1881), pp. 112–13; “Nondescript,” “Heel and Toe,” p. 257.

  3. O.R., I, 10, Part 1, pp. 386, 614–15; Jackman Diary, undated newspaper clipping, p. 198; Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 26–27; Weller, “The Fourth Kentucky,” Southern Bivouac, p. 351.

  4. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 100, 103, 405, 469; Weller, “Fourth Kentucky,” p. 351; Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 26–27; O.R., I, 10, Part 1, pp. 615–16; Jackman Diary, p. 198; Joseph H. Lewis Scrapbook, undated clipping; Thompson, First Kentucky Brigade, pp. 421, 425.

  5. Breckinridge to Jordan (Apr. 24, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, RG 109, NA; O.R., I, 10, Part 1, p. 472; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 103–4.

  6. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 100; O.R., I, 10, Part 1, p. 616; W. B. Beeson, “The Forty-ninth Alabama,” Samuel D. Buck Papers, Duke University Library, Durham, N.C.; Hodge, First Kentucky Brigade, p. 24.

  7. Davis, Breckinridge, pp. 304–10; Breckinridge to Jordan (Apr. 15, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, RG 109, NA; Hodge, First Kentucky Brigade, p. 23.

  8. O.R., I, 10, Part 1, pp. 613, 616; Jackman Diary, p. 198.

  9. Davis, Breckinridge, pp. 310–11; Fred Joyce, “The Irishmen of Company D, Fourth Kentucky Infantry,” Southern Bivouac, II (Feb. 1884), pp. 268–69.

  10. Grainger, Boys in Gray, p. 7; Jackman Diary (Apr. 6, 1862).

  11. O.R., I, 10, Part 1, pp. 616–17.

  12. Jackman Diary, p. 198; “Nondescript,” “Heel and Toe,” pp. 258–59; Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 28–29.

  13. “Nondescript,” “Heel and Toe,” p. 259; Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 29–30; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 103; J. Stoddard Johnston Scrapbook, Vol. II, Filson Club, Louisville, Ky.

  14. O.R., I, 10, Part 1, p. 617; Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 29–30; Hodge, First Kentucky Brigade, pp. 26–27.

  15. O.R., I, 10, Part 1, pp. 617–18; Fred Joyce, “Two Dogs,” Southern Bivouac, I (Oct. 1882), pp. 72–73; Barnes F. Lathrop, “A Confederate Artilleryman at Shiloh,” Civil War History, VIII (Dec. 1962), p. 378; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 105, 410, 464, 519–20; John L. Marshall, “Heel and Toe, II,” Southern Bivouac, I (Mar. 1883), pp. 301–2; Weller, “Fourth Kentucky,” Southern Bivouac, p. 352; Lot D. Young, Reminiscences of a Soldier of the Orphan Brigade (Louisville, 1912), pp. 24–25.

  16. Lewis Scrapbook; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 102, 103, 104, 501.

  17. O.R., I, 10, Part 1, pp. 359–60; Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 30–37.

  18. O.R., I, 10, Part 1, pp. 467, 500, 618–19, 620.

  19. Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 32–34; Jackman Diary (Apr. 7, 1862), p. 198; Marshall, “Heel and Toe, II,” p. 303.

  20. Jackman Diary (Apr. 8–13, 1862), p. 198; O.R., I, 10, Part 1, pp. 619–20; Hodge, First Kentucky Brigade, p. 29; Davis, Breckinridge, p. 315.

  21. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 105–6.

  22. O.R., I, 10, Part 1, p. 621; Breckinridge to Jordan (Apr. 21, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, RG 109, NA; J. Stoddard Johnston Diary (July 13, 1862), J. Stoddard Johnston Papers, Filson Club; Hodge, First Kentucky Brigade, p. 29; D. M. Haydon to Breckinridge (Sept. 8, 1862), Breckinridge Family Papers, Library of Congress.

  23. Marshall, “Heel and Toe, II,” pp. 303–5; “Taps,” Southern Bivouac, I (Mar. 1883), pp. 316–17; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 106.

  SIX

  1. Grainger, Boys in Gray, p. 7; Jackman Diary (Apr. 13–17, 1862); Kirwan, Johnny Green, p. 40; Hodge to Shaw (Apr. 24, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, General Orders No. 30 (Apr. 30, 1862), No. 72 (June 14, 1862), Special Order No. 24 (June 3, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 305, Military Departments, Orders Received by the 1st Kentucky Brigade (Apr.–Oct. 1862), Special Order No. 55 (Apr. 14), No. 57 (Apr. 15), No. 80 (Apr. 17), No. 83 (Apr. 18), No. 96 (Apr. 23), No. 124 (Apr. 28, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 315, Military Departments, Special Orders Received and Record of Details, Discharges, Furloughs, and Transfers, 1st Kentucky Brigade, 1862–63, Special Order No. 80 (Apr. 17, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 316, entry (May 8, 1862), Chap. VIII, Vol. 71, Miscellaneous Quartermaster Accounts, 4th Kentucky Volunteers, Chap. VIII, Vol. 69, pp. 99–100, RG 109, NA.

  2. Breckinridge to Jordan (Apr. 15, 1862), Breckinridge Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA; Richmond Enquirer (Apr. 25, 1862); Chap. VIII, Vol. 69, p. 2, Chap. II, Vol. 315 (June 4, 1862), General Order No. 27 (June 15, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 307, Special Order No. 86 (Apr. 20, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 316, Kenshattentycthe Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 225, 623.

  3. Jordan to Breckinridge (Apr. 15, 1862), Special Order No. 46 (Apr. 30, 1862), General Order No. 39 (May 6, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 305, Breckinridge to Jordan (Apr. 15, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, Special Order (Apr. 15, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 315, Chap. VIII, Vol. 69, pp. 108–9, RG 109, NA; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 804, 806.

  4. Breckinridge to Jordan (Apr. 13, 1862, Apr. 24, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 311, Edward Sparrow to the Confederate Senate (Jan. 28, 1863), Trabue Compiled Service Record
, RG 109, NA; Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 405, 415, 431–32; Marshall, “Thompson,” p. 13.

  5. Davis, Breckinridge, p. 315; Richmond Enquirer (Apr. 22, 1862); Thompson, Orphan Brigade, p. 555.

  6. Thompson, First Kentucky Brigade, pp. 13–16; O.R., I, 10, Part 2, pp. 426, 550, 642.

  7. Trabue to Breckinridge (Apr. 23, 1862), Trabue Compiled Service Record, Helm to Breckinridge (May 4, 17, 1862), D. W. Yandell statement (May 4, 1862), J. C. Cummings statement (May 4, 1862), Helm Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA.

  8. George Neff to Eli M. Bruce (May 3, 1862), Bruce to Breckinridge and Preston (May 10, 1862), Hanson Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA; O.R., II, 3, pp. 578, 600, 650–51, 866, 893, Vol. 4, p. 14.

  9. Circular (Apr. 20, 29, 1862), General Order No. 5 (May 12, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 305, RG 109, NA; Jackman Diary (May 22, 1862), p. 199; Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 40–41.

  10. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 112–13; Jackman Diary (May 29–June 2, 1862), p. 199; Kirwan, Johnny Green, pp. 41–42.

  11. Jackman Diary (June 11, 1862).

  12. William Preston, Memoranda of A. S. Johnston’s Death, Battle of Shiloh &c (June 9–10, 1862), Box 2, Special File, Item 16, RG 94, Special Order 16 (June 23, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 305, RG 109, NA; Jackman Diary (June 25–29, 1862).

  13. John Q. Anderson, ed., Brokenburn: The Journal of Kate Stone (Baton Rouge, La.: 1955), p. 126; Special Order No. 243 (July 3, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 316, Special Order No. 10 (July 4, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 305, RG 109, NA; John S. Jackman, “Vicksburg in 1862,” Southern Bivouac, III (Sept. 1884), pp. 4–5; Jackman Diary (July 1–3, 1862).

  14. General Order No. 3 (July 12, 1862), Special Order No. 8 (July 15, 1862), Chap. II, Vol. 312, Military Departments, Orders and Circulars Received, 1st Kentucky Brigade, 1862–63, RG 109, NA; Jackman Diary (July 21, 1862).

  15. Thompson, Orphan Brigade, pp. 117–18; Robert G. Hartje, Van Dorn: The Life and Times of a Confederate General (Nashville, Tenn., 1967), pp. 200–1, 216, 240, 325; General Order No. 1 (July 8, 1862), Helm Compiled Service Record, RG 109, NA; Thompson, First Kentucky Brigade, pp. 541–42; Kirwan, Johnny Green, p. 44.