Buddhism and, 164
constitutional interpretation and, 77–78, 80–81
country people and, 281–83
cult of, 27–28
education in, 58–59, 71–72
emperor’s divinity in, 71–72, 281–83, 287; see also Hirohito, emperor of Japan, divinity of
enthronement ritual in, 189
extraconstitutional bodies and, 78–79
German constitutional thought and, 79–80
as ideology of militarism and fascism, 374
imperial regalia in, 63, 73, 121–22
kokutai debate and, 161–62, 253, 287
line of succession and, 63
as locus of sovereignty, 77–79
Meiji as model for, 39–40, 80
nationalism and, 4, 40
nonresponsibility and nonaccountability of emperor in, 79, 291
oath rituals in, 64–65, 80
organ theory in, 77, 80, 208, 287–95
in proposed film, 273–74
race and, 11, 69–71
religion and, 30, 57–58, 164, 283
and right of supreme command, 290–91, 304
rule theory and, 77
as sacred and unviolable, 7–8
Shinto mythology and, 283
Shiratori’s history textbook and, 70–73
sovereign-subject relationship in, 64–65, 70–71, 119–20
state-monarchy relationship and, 77–78
Sugiura’s lectures on, 64–70
emperor worship, cult of, 202–3
enthronement rituals:
Ceremonies Commission and, 187–88
and concept of Japan as hub of world, 200–201
deification ceremony in, 191, 192–93
Diet and, 186
food-offering ceremony of, 192
Hirohito-Meiji link and, 186
Hirohito’s public address in, 191–92
imperial image and, 189
imperial procession in, 191
imperial regalia and, 191
kokutai-science relationship stressed in, 199–200
in Korea, 190–91
media and, 187–91, 193, 195
and military activity in China, 187
military reviews in, 193–94
nationalism and, 224
national morality and, 199
prisoner amnesties and, 189–90
secret rites in, 193
thought control apparatus and, 187
Era-Name Law, 679–80
“Essentials for Implementing Administration in the Occupied Southern Area,” 434
“Essentials of Peace Negotiations” (wahei ksh no yry) (Konoe and Sakai), 510–11
Ethiopia, 349
Et Genkur, 287, 336
European tour of 1921, 84, 95, 96, 99–100, 103–22, 173, 465
British segment of, 106–7, 108, 110–11, 115–19
and disavowal of emperor’s divinity, 119
French segment of, 108–9
Hara and, 99–100, 103, 104, 106, 110, 113, 114
Hirohito’s behavior in, 114–15
Hirohito’s grooming for, 105–6, 113
Hirohito’s image and, 106–7, 112–13
Italian segment of, 109–10
itinerary of, 106, 108
in Japanese press, 110–12, 114
necessity for, 105
opposition to, 103–4, 114
outbound passage of, 107–8
as public relations campaign, 110
return voyage in, 110
success of, 113–14, 117
European tour of 1971, 672
evolution, theory of, 60, 62
“Explanatory Materials for the Emperor Concerning the War Situation,” 390
Fall of Port Arthur, The, 210
Far Eastern Army, Soviet, 259, 399
Far Eastern Commission, 568, 571, 609, 622
fascism, 13, 110, 374, 497
Hirohito’s disavowal of, 255
Italian, 202, 255, 280
Japanese-style, 102, 254–55, 499, 588
Japan’s national image and, 280
Fellers, Bonner F., 542, 567, 582–86, 589, 591, 607, 679
Field Marshals and Fleet Admirals Conference, 101
Field Service Code (senjinkun), 281, 435
Fiji, 450, 454
Finance Ministry, Japanese, 588, 699
Finland, 598
Five Ministers Conference, 381
Five-Power Naval Arms Limitations Treaty, 101, 147
Foch, Ferdinand, 109
Ford, Gerald, 676
Foreign Ministry, Japanese, 68, 84, 106, 134, 148, 224, 230, 236, 241, 286, 312, 336, 337, 352, 379, 389, 429, 434, 467, 480, 508, 511, 515, 516, 550, 570, 588, 627
War Termination Liaison Committee of, 541–42, 584
Foreign Ministry, Soviet, 393
“Foreign Policy of the Empire,” 308
Foreign Policy Research Council, 128
Four-Power Treaty, 147
France, 9, 147, 221, 246, 308, 321, 355, 356, 369, 376, 379, 381, 616
Hirohito’s 1921 visit to, 106–8
Freemasonry, 226
French Indochina, 110, 362, 368, 371, 375–79, 394–95, 397, 398, 400, 403, 404, 411, 425, 428, 602
Fuad, Khedive, 107
Fujii Shigeru, 395
Fujita Hisanori, 542
Fujiyama Raita, 323
Fukazawa Shichir, 661–62, 663, 665–66, 667
Fukiage Gardens, 60
Fukuda Hikosuke, 140, 214–15
Fukuda Takeo, 673
Fukuzawa Yukichi, 70
“Fundamental Policy for Dealing with the China Incident,” 344
Furansu daikakumei shi (History of the great French Revolution) (Mizukuri), 76
Furuhashi Hironoshin, 638
Fry mutan (A Dream of courtly elegance) (Fukazawa), 663–65
Fushimi Hiroyasu, Prince, 45, 50, 209, 248, 299, 376, 402
Futara Yoshinori, 121
Gama, Vasco da, 68
Gascoigne, Alvary, 609
Gayn, Mark, 620
General Headquarters (GHQ), U.S., 542, 543, 546, 549, 557, 560, 574, 589, 619, 621, 622, 623, 625, 630, 633, 635, 647
CIE section of, 555–56, 559, 615, 619
draft constitution and, 568, 571, 576
era-name system and, 679–80
Hirohito’s New Year’s rescript and, 561–62
reforms by, 551–52
and reshaping of history, 556–57, 559
Tokyo tribunal and, 582, 583, 587
General Military Ordinance Number 1, 34
“General Principles of National Policy,” 312
General Treaty for the Renunciation of War, see Kellogg-Briand Pact
Geneva Convention on the Treatment of Prisoners of War, 207, 360
George V, king of England, 103, 650
as example for Hirohito, 115–19, 188
George VI, king of England, 112, 340
German Democratic Republic (East Germany), 686
Germany, Federal Republic of (West Germany), 672, 686
Germany, Imperial, 9, 45, 83, 91, 147, 349, 496, 499, 534
Germany, Nazi, 244, 255, 264, 265, 269, 280, 289, 307–8, 373, 374, 375, 377, 396, 413, 421, 439, 465, 469, 476, 529, 601
allied defeat of, 487, 490
denazification program in, 618
Japan’s military alliance with, 350, 351, 352–53, 356, 357, 380–84
Soviet nonaggression pact with, 354, 393, 396
Soviet Union invaded by, 394–95, 410
surrender of, 497–98, 521
war successes of, 355–57, 367–68, 369, 453–54
Germany, occupied, 618
Germany, Weimar, 135, 202, 203
Gibraltar, 108
Gilbert Islands, 468, 470, 472
Gog, Operation, 449, 460
Golden Pheasant Academy (Kinkei Gakuin), 164
Got Fumio, 255
Grand Ceremonies Commission, 187–88
Great Britain, 1, 3, 39, 51, 146, 149, 209, 226, 246, 250, 255, 264, 265, 268, 278, 308, 309, 312, 314, 321, 341, 343, 344, 352, 357, 376, 378, 425, 434, 439, 489, 490, 492, 495, 509, 522, 530, 535, 559, 578, 592, 600, 646, 650
Four-Power Treaty signed by, 147
Hirohito’s 1921
visit to, 106–7, 108, 110–11, 115–19
Hirohito’s 1971
visit to, 672
Japan’s 1902 alliance with, 147, 148, 150–51, 382
London Naval Treaty and, 210
in prelude to World War II, 388, 395–98, 400, 402, 403, 405, 406–7, 409, 414, 427
Shanghai Incident and, 251
U.S. destroyers-for-bases deal with, 381
Washington treaties and, 176–77
Great Depression, 228, 245, 250, 265
Greater East Asia Coprosperity Sphere, 397, 434, 464, 595
Greater East Asia Ministry, Japanese, 457
Greater East Asia War, see World War II, Asia-Pacific theater of
Great Food-Offering Ceremony, 686
Great Wall, 258, 259, 260
Green Buds of Hiroshima, The (Hiroshima no midori no me) (Imamura and muri), 637
Grew, Joseph C., 259, 337, 428, 500, 504, 518, 519–20
Hirohito as seen by, 498–99
Guadalcanal, 446–47, 454, 463, 464
Battle of, 455–62
Guam, 9, 436, 445, 453, 456, 475
Gunrei, 34
hakk ichiu (benevolent rule), 200, 372
Hakusukinoe, battle of, 623
Hamaguchi Yk, 208, 209, 219, 225, 228, 304
assassination of, 210–11, 226
Hamao Arata, 41, 87
“Han’gul Day,” 191
Harada Kumao, 175–78, 228, 232, 236–37, 243, 301, 348, 370, 382, 602
Hara Kei, 86, 92, 93–99, 128, 137, 155, 186, 189
assassination of, 122–23
and European tour of 1921, 99–100, 103, 104, 106, 110, 113, 114
Hara Tamiki, 637
Hara Yoshimichi, 373, 398, 413, 431, 432, 469
Harding administration, 106
Harriman, Averell, 508
Hasegawa Kiyoshi, 334, 338
Hashimoto Kingor, 231–32, 243
Hasunuma, General, 443, 461, 464, 476–77
Hata Ikuhiko, 298, 301
Hatano Takanao, 94–96
Hata Shunroku, 353, 354–55, 371, 372, 381, 610
Hatoyama Ichir, 187, 574–75, 656–57
Hattori Hirotar, 60, 66
Hirohito assessed by, 61
Hattori Takushir, 351
Hawaii, 9, 68, 355, 430
Hay, John, 147
Hayashi Senjr, 236, 237–39, 244, 277, 284, 296, 373, 418, 430
Hayata Noboru, 658
Heian period (794–1185), 313
Heibonsha, 666
Heisei era, see Akihito, emperor of Japan
Herald (London), 111
Hidaka Shinrokur, 337
Hiei, 459
Higashikuni Naruhiko, Prince, 112, 283–84, 300, 336, 418, 423, 528, 538–39, 546, 565, 572, 573, 581, 586, 605
appointed prime minister, 536–37
first press conference of, 557–58
Hirohito and, 541
Higashino Shin, 591
High Treason Incident, 32–33
Hijji kokumin zensh (Essays on the time of emergency confronting the nation), 277–78
Himeta Mitsuyoshi, 367
Hirano Yoshitar, 588
Hiranuma Kiichir, 164, 184, 225–26, 227, 254, 288, 289, 292, 344–45, 350–51, 352, 353, 354, 357, 370, 430, 487, 488, 513, 514–18, 536, 610
Hiraoka Ktar, 98
Hirata Tsuke, 99, 127, 128
Hiro, Prince, 685–86
Hirohata Tadakata, 298–99
Hirohito, emperor of Japan (Shwa emperor):
abdication issue and, 550, 552–53, 571–73, 605–7, 618, 628, 634, 649–50
as above natural law, 81
accession of, 171
advisers of, 16, 29, 79, 178–81, 207; see also court group ancestor worship and, 38–39, 62, 69, 119–20, 122
“approval rating” of, 166
attempted assassination of, 140–41, 248
benevolence ascribed to, 145, 160–61, 309, 527
biological laboratory of, 60–61
birth of, 21
as “brain” of nation, 293–94
brothers of, 16, 21, 23–25, 35, 38, 41, 50, 139, 382
cartoons of, 566
charisma of, 441–42, 525
chief secretaries of, 172–73
classmates of, 38
clothing of, 89, 345, 349, 437, 543, 554, 621, 629, 631, 637, 653
coming-of-age ceremony of, 83, 84–86
concubinage practice ended by, 145
constitutional law studied by, 77–81
as constitutional monarch, 219, 566
on criteria for prime ministers, 253–55
as crown prince, 39
and cult of the emperor, 27–28
death of, 3, 684–85
declining media interest in, 659–60
depression of, 493
described, 86–87, 89, 564, 620–21, 629–30, 631
divinity of, 7–8, 49, 90, 119–20, 191, 192–93, 293, 294, 314, 326, 550, 561, 638–39
domestic tours of, 135–39, 156, 196, 620–26, 628–31, 633–38, 645
early childhood of, 22–25
economics taught to, 130–31
elementary education of, 36–38, 43, 81, 89
emperor theory taught to, 63–65; see also emperor theory engagement of, 95–96
enthronement of, see enthronement ritualsethics lessons of, 66–69
eulogy of, 685
in European tour, see European tour of 1921
fascism disavowed by, 255
50th anniversary in reign of, 678–79
as figurehead, 13–14, 342
funeral of, 686
George V as model for, 115–19
Hattori’s assessment of, 61
high-command structure and, 388–89
history as taught to, 70–76
“humanization” of, 620, 624, 638, 645
identity of, 38–39, 49, 59, 89–91, 650
illnesses of, 157, 493–94, 684–85
image of, 106–7, 112–13, 127, 166–67, 205–6, 225, 341, 421, 527, 553, 660
imperial family of, 49–51
imperial tradition (Kso ks) and, 38–39
imperial way (kd) and, 10–11
inarticulateness of, 88, 639
insect specimen book of, 60
instructed to rule as regent, 127–29
“instruction for the emperor” of, 57–59, 90–91
intellectual interests and limitations of, 90, 114–15
intelligence of, 81, 85, 114–15
intelligence system of, 390–92
international law studied by, 366
Japanese people’s relationship with, 7, 9–10
and knowledge of Pearl Harbor attack, 421–22
MacArthur compared with, 547–48
male heir problem of, 270–71, 273
marriage of, 143–44
martial spirit lacking in, 84, 86, 89
mask of silence of, 87–88
media depiction of, 127, 135–36, 205–6, 384, 548, 549–51, 553, 564–66
Meiji model and, 80–81, 89
methodological nature of, 61
middle school education of, 85
Mikami’s Meiji lectures to, 131–33
military and, see military, militarism military education of, 25–26, 37, 41, 43–49, 51, 52, 54, 57, 58, 89, 135
as model of morality, 139
monarchy and sovereignty as seen by, 293–95
“Monologues” of, 2–5, 217–18, 589–92, 678
moral sense of, 62, 65
movements and countenance of, 87–88
and mutiny of 1936, 299–301, 304–5
and myth as mechanism of power,
121–22
name of, 21
Nara’s description of, 86–87
natural history and science as interests of, 58, 60–61, 90, 283
Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan Page 87
