Albert I, king of the Belgians, 109
Aleutian Islands, 447, 464
Alien Registration Law, 631
Allenby, Edmund, 107
All-Japan Swimming Champion Tournament, 638
Amaterasu mikami (sun goddess), 38, 63, 72, 187, 189, 191, 282, 326, 561
American Club, 540
American Council on Japan, 641, 642
Amur River Society (Kokuryukai), 98
Anami Korechika, 492, 500, 511, 514–15, 588
Andaman Islands, 446, 470
Anderton, John E., 567
Anti-Comintern Pact of 1936, 280–81, 308, 354
anti-Semitism, 168, 208, 280–81, 585
Araki Sadao, 154, 208–9, 244, 246, 247, 251, 255–56, 284, 289, 299–300, 598
propaganda film narrated by, 274–76
Argentia Conference, 404
Arima Yoriyasu, 177
Arita Hachir, 506–7, 508
Armenia, 608
Army, Imperial, 152, 166, 207, 229, 230, 247–48, 279, 305–6, 325, 330, 378, 396, 400, 408, 445, 458, 470, 530
abolition of headquarters of, 553
factional conflict in, 224–25, 243–44, 295–96
fascist mood of, 272–73
Field Service Code of, 281, 435
founding principles of, 153–54
navy’s foreign policy rivalry with, 309–12
and right of supreme command, 155–56, 226–27, 330
in surrender debate, 512–15
see also military, militarism
Army, Imperial, units of:
Central China Area Army, 333, 338, 339
Ichiki Detachment, 456
Imperial Guards Division, 297, 299, 300
Independent Garrison Force, 235
Kawaguchi Brigade, 456
Mixed Brigade, 239
Southern China Area Army, 362, 425
Unit 731, 364, 617
First Army, 281, 435
Second Army, 471
Eighth Area Army, 460, 470
Tenth Army, 332–33, 485
Eleventh Army, 426
Seventeenth Army, 456
Eighteenth Army, 471–72
Thirty-second Army, 484–85
First Division, 296–97, 318
Second Division, 456
Ninth Division, 334
Sixth Division, 214
Eleventh Infantry Division, 323
Sixteenth Division, 332, 334
Seventeenth Division, 466
Nineteenth Division, 348
Twenty-first Division, 361, 362
Thirty-eighth Division, 456
Fifty-second Division, 467
Third Infantry Regiment, 284
Sixth Infantry Regiment, 333
Army, Imperial, units of:
Twelfth Infantry Regiment, 323
Twenty-ninth Infantry Regiment, 235
Army Cadet School, 295
Army General Staff, Japanese, 33, 56, 150–51, 155, 179, 226, 230, 231, 240–41, 284, 286, 302, 307, 309, 317, 319, 338–39, 344, 345, 348, 351–52, 392, 394, 395, 402, 444, 448, 460, 461, 462, 481, 515
Control faction (Tsei-ha) of, 243–44, 295–96, 303, 488–89
Imperial Way (Kd-ha) faction of, 243–44, 272, 279, 287, 289–90, 295–96, 298, 299–300, 405, 435, 488
Marco Polo Bridge incident and, 317–18
Army Ministry, Japanese, 209, 231, 236, 273, 286, 297, 302, 303, 317, 389, 395, 397, 429, 460, 539, 587–88
Army Officer’s Aid Society (Kaiksha), 165
Asahi shinbun, 43, 110, 111, 232, 297, 384, 550–51, 559, 563, 564, 603
Asaka Yasuhito, Prince, 300, 333, 334, 336, 339, 423, 519
Asanuma Inejir, 667
Ashida Hitoshi, 570–71, 572, 573, 612, 626, 628, 633–34
Ashio copper mine strike, 52
“Asian Monroeism,” 146
“Assessment of the World Situation,” 453
Associated Press, 243, 552
Association of Shinto Shrines, 658, 679, 682
Astor, Lady, 112
Atarasii kenp no hanashi (The Story of the new constitution), 624
Atholl, duke of, 108, 110–11
Atlantic Charter, 404
atomic bomb, 496, 500, 501, 511, 512, 516, 520, 522, 523, 530
Cold War and, 508
surrender decision and, 529
Truman on use of, 502, 524–25
atrocities, see war crimes and atrocities Australia, 376, 423, 446, 447, 454, 582, 592
Austria-Hungary, 83
Autonomous Committee for Defense
Against Communism, 286
Aya, Prince, 686
Ayabe Tachiki, 461
Baba Kikutar, 61
Badoglio, Pietro, 465
Baillie, Hugh, 546, 547, 551
bakufu, 73–74
balloon bomb weapon program, 477, 481–82
Bank of Japan, 130–31, 252, 503, 669
Bank of Korea, 95
Bank of Tokyo, 588
bansei ikkei myth, 121
“Basic Policy for Future Direction of the War,” 493
Bataan, 447–48, 614
death march in, 448
Bee, HMS, 340
Belgium, 106, 108, 109, 356
Bells of Nagasaki, The (Nagasaki no kane) (Nagai), 637
Benedict XV, Pope, 109
Berlin blockade (1948), 607
Bernard, Henri, 610
Blacklist, Operation, 545
Blakeney, Ben Bruce, 598, 601
“Blood Pledge Corps,” 252
Blyth, Reginald, 619–20
Board of Field Marshals and Fleet Admirals, 151, 476–77
Board of Peerage and Heraldry, 292
“body smashing” (taiatari), 452, 480
Bolshevik Revolution, see Russian Revolution
Bonin Islands, 470, 476, 483, 510
Borneo, 445
Bose, Chandra, 595
Boshin Edict (1908), 65
Bougainville, 446, 462, 463, 471
Boxer Protocol, 9
Boxer uprising, 9
Bradley, Omar, 636
Brines, Russell, 552, 572
British Malaya, 375, 400, 423–24, 433–34, 436
brothel scandal, Imperial Diet and, 160, 183
Buddhists, Buddhism, 30
Nichiren sect of, 11, 163–64, 168–69
Bungei shunj, 677
bureaucratic reform movement, 164
Bureau of Military Affairs, 46
Bureau of Shrines and Religion, 31
Burma, 446, 448, 452, 470, 473, 474–75, 487, 651
Burma Road, 385, 446
Burn All, Kill All, Steal All (Sank), 657
bushid (way of the warrior), 34, 36, 43, 51–52, 59, 185
Byrnes, James F., 498, 499, 504, 518–19, 520, 526, 541, 543, 585
Cabinet Advisory Council, 503
Cabinet Intelligence Bureau, 503, 508
Cabinet Planning Board, 322, 327, 387, 422
Cabinet Regulations, 34
Cairo Declaration, 501
Caroline Islands, 308, 453, 468
Carter, Jimmy, 681
Casablanca Conference, 497
Celebes, 445
Central Association of Cultural Bodies, 163
Ceylon (Sri Lanka), 107, 454
Chang Hsueh-liang, 220, 228, 235, 240–41, 258, 307
Chang Ku-feng Incident, 348
Chang Tso-lin, 207, 214, 215–17, 220, 231, 590, 614
Charter Oath of Five Articles (1868), 63–64, 80, 563, 566
Chemical Warfare Service (CWS), U.S., 616
chemical weapons, 349, 361–62, 367, 594, 616–17
Cherry Blossom Society, 243
Chiang Kai-shek, 184–85, 241, 272, 286, 306, 307, 323, 332, 339, 343, 344, 345, 347, 349, 350, 353, 357, 359, 368, 372, 373, 385, 394, 403, 404, 426, 428, 449, 480, 594, 595, 616, 636
Chicago Daily News, 341
Chichibu, Prince, 21, 23, 26, 100–101, 283–84, 299, 382, 605
German
alliance favored by, 368
Hirohito’s relationship with, 25, 300
on Meiji as grandparent, 24
secret reports on, 178–79
China, Imperial, 8–9
in Sino-Japanese War of 1894–95, 33, 70, 74, 210, 280, 432
China, Nationalist (Kuomintang), 169, 176, 177, 184–85, 205, 209, 214, 219, 220, 223, 224, 228, 250, 272, 285, 309, 347, 396, 444, 495, 559, 599
in civil war with Communists, 272
Communist defeat of, 636
Hirota cabinet policy for, 306–7
Japanese perception of, 306–7
Japan’s withdrawal of recognition of, 345
in Japan-U.S. talks, 428
Manchuria conflict and, 236, 241, 242, 248, 249, 259
navy policy for, 311–12
Tangku truce agreement signed by, 272
war crimes trials and, 593–95, 614
see also Chiang Kai-shek; Sino-Japanese War of 1937–45; Taiwan
China, People’s Republic of, 639, 648, 656, 662, 683
atomic bomb tested by, 671
Cultural Revolution in, 671
Japan’s relations with, 672–73, 681
in Korean War, 643
China, Republic of, 3, 4, 12, 14, 15, 54, 68, 70, 92, 135, 146, 147, 148, 150–51, 158
see also China, Nationalist; Taiwan China Garrison Force, Japanese, 285, 287, 306–7, 321
China War, see Sino-Japanese War of 1937–45
Chinda Sutemi, 84, 102, 106, 114, 115, 129, 142, 149, 172, 184, 216
Chinese Eastern Railway, 272
Chjiri Kazumoto, 304
Chry, 579
Chsh, 100
Ch kron (Central review), 663–64, 665, 666
Churchill, Winston, 404, 496–97, 500, 501
Church Times, 111
City of Corpses (Shikabane no machi) (ta), 637
Civil Information and Education Section (CIE), 555–56, 559, 615, 619
Civilization and Enlightenment movement, 62–63
“Civil Liberties” directive, 551
Cold War, 3, 17, 508, 616, 624, 637, 646, 684, 686
Combined Fleet, Japanese, 416, 426, 444, 446, 449, 450, 454, 459, 472, 475, 476, 481
dissolution of, 553
Commentaries on the Constitution (Ito), 29
Commerce and Industry Ministry, Japanese, 177, 539, 588
Commission on Reparations, 594
Committee on the Problem of the
Emperor’s Message, 213
communism, Communists, 143, 148, 189, 265, 267, 273, 280, 344, 349, 381, 480, 569–70, 576, 594, 600–601, 608, 612, 616
in Konoe’s conspiracy theory, 488–90, 491
Communist Party, Chinese, 365, 489, 657
Communist Party, Japanese, 139, 141, 206, 628, 633, 679
Conference of Military Councillors, 422, 424
Confucianism, 30, 36, 69
Congress, U.S., 55
Immigration Act of 1924 passed by, 148–49
Connaught, Duke of, 103
Conservative Party, British, 264
Constitution, Japanese, 567–79, 585, 623, 636, 637, 657, 680
abdication issue and, 571–73
Akihito’s pledge of support for, 686
Article 1 of, 660
Article 3 of, 577
Article 9 of, 569, 571, 576, 627, 639, 648, 651, 656, 660
Article 55 of, 577
attempted revisions of, 648–49, 654–55, 656, 659, 660, 670
and concept of state, 578
drafting of, 567, 568–69
emperor redefined in, 575, 577
Hirohito’s opposition to, 571–72
Hirohito’s sanctioning of, 571–76
Hirohito’s symbolic status and, 571, 579, 575, 627
imperial family and, 571–72
and Japan as constitutional monarchy, 577–78
Kellogg-Briand Pact and, 571, 573
monarchy reformed in, 568–69, 571, 670
national identity and, 579
and preservation of kokutai, 570, 576
problems generated by, 578–79
promulgation of, 573–74
and remilitarization of Japan, 635
renunciation of war in, 571, 573
status of emperor in, 568, 575, 577
in textbooks, 624
war responsibility and, 577
Constitution, U.S., 55
Constitution of the Empire of Great Japan, see Meiji constitution
“Constructing the New Japan” (Akihito), 514–15
Coral Sea, Battle of, 447, 449
Corregidor, 447
Council of Foreign Ministers, 543
court group, 172–81, 183–84, 211, 219, 241, 245, 251, 253, 296, 405, 519, 523, 536, 614
characteristics of, 197–98
chief tasks of, 80–81
and coup attempt of Oct. 1931, 244
criticism of, 225–26, 283–84
goals of, 208
as guardians of the throne, 174
Hirohito as seen by, 207
imperial will and, 80–81
information collection and processing by, 178–79
international law as viewed by, 221
Inukai cabinet and, 245–46
Kellogg-Briand Pact and, 223–24
leadership of, 172–73
Manchurian Incident and, 237
secrecy and deception of, 197–98
secretaries of, 172–73
shakeup of, 292
Tanaka’s clash with, 212–14
Court of Cassation, 50, 141
“crab walk” incident, 632–33
“Criteria for National Policy,” 308–9, 312
Cultural Revolution, 671
Cunningham, Owen, 596
Daikairei Number 14, 446
Dan Takuma, 252
Dark Ocean Society (Genyosha), 98
Darwin, Charles, 60
“Declaration of Humanity” (ningen sengen), 560, 562, 565, 567
Defense Department, U.S., 542, 626, 640
deification (daijsai) ceremony, 191, 192–93
democracy, 103, 105, 107, 118, 148, 203, 226, 374, 511, 518, 536, 561, 563, 579, 588, 624, 646
kokutai debate and, 162–63, 165
see also Taish democracy movement Democratic Party, Japanese, 574
Denmark, 356
Depression, Great, 228, 245, 250, 265
die-for-the-emperor campaign, 495
Diet, Imperial, 8, 33, 59, 78, 98, 100, 112, 127, 157, 175, 179, 196, 197, 208, 212, 245, 247, 252–53, 288, 291–93, 305, 325, 337, 417, 480–81, 552, 566, 575, 626, 627, 652, 656, 662, 666
breakdown of cooperation in, 158–60
brothel scandal and, 160, 183
constitution debated in, 573
“crab walk” incident in, 632–33
enthronement rituals and, 186
Imperial House Law passed by, 577
Kellogg-Briand pact debated in, 221–22
kokutai debated in, 159–61
Meiji holiday created by, 181–82
in new constitution, 569
Pak Yol incident and, 160–61
party politics in, 28–29
Peace Preservation Law enacted by, 158–59, 161
Taish democracy movement and, 41
Tanaka cabinet and, 184–85, 216–17
Toranomon incident debated in, 141
Wakatsuki cabinet and, 183–84
Wartime Emergency Measures Law passed by, 495
Yasukuni Shrine protection bill in, 682
Directive Number 11, 362
“divine winds” (kamikaze), 314, 451, 496
Dodge, Joseph M., 635, 640
Doihara Kenji, 423, 609
Dmei News Service, 500
Doolittle, James, 448
Douhet, Giulio, 312
“Draft Plan for Controlling the Crisis Situation” (Kido), 493
Dulles, John Foster, 640–42, 644, 651
Dutch East Indies, see N
etherlands East Indies
Eagleton, Clyde, 134
East Asia Common Culture Society (Ta Dbunkai), 176
East Asia League (T’A renmei), 540
Education Ministry, Japanese, 31–32, 63, 201–2, 281, 283, 288, 290, 313, 314, 624, 659, 680
Egi Tasuku, 160
Egypt, 107, 454
Eichelberger, Robert, 471
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 662–63
MacArthur’s “Secret” telegram to, 567–68
Eisenhower administration, 660
Elizabeth II, Queen of England, 650
Embree, Ella, 281–82
Embree, John, 281–82
“Emperor’s Account of the Secret History of Shwa, The,” 589
“emperor’s army” (Kgun), 154
emperor theory:
act of surrender in, 520–21
ancestors in, 119–20
Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan Page 86
