Margaret Thatcher: The Authorized Biography, Volume 2

by Charles Moore

  CHAPTER 6: THE ENEMY WITHIN

  1. Hansard, HC Deb 27 February 1984, 55/28 (http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1984/feb/27/gchq-cheltenham). 2. Interview with Tony Comer. 3. Note for the Record, 10 March 1981, Prime Minister’s Papers, Security, Changes in the Funding, Status and Staffing at GCHQ, Part 1 (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 4. Interview with Lord Armstrong of Ilminster. 5. Thatcher Memoirs Materials, CAC: THCR 4/3. 6. Hansard, HC Deb 11 November 1982, 31/669–78 (http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1982/nov/11/security). 7. Interview with Lord Gowrie. 8. Ibid. 9. Armstrong to Thatcher, 21 September 1983, Prime Minister’s Papers, Security, Changes in the Funding, Status and Staffing at GCHQ, Part 1 (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 10. Hansard, HC Deb 25 January 1984, 52/917 (http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1984/jan/25/gchq-employment-protection-acts). 11. Armstrong to Thatcher, 25 January 1984, Prime Minister’s Papers, Security, Changes in the Funding, Status and Staffing at GCHQ, Part 1 (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 12. Hatfield to Butler, 26 January 1984 and 27 January 1984. Ibid. 13. Interview with Tony Comer. 14. Interview with Lord Butler of Brockwell. 15. Press Report, 16 February 1984, Security, Changes in the Funding, Status and Staffing at GCHQ, Part 1 (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 16. Interview with Lord Armstrong of Ilminster. 17. Armstrong to Thatcher, 17 February 1984, Prime Minister’s Papers, Security, Part 1 (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 18. Butler to Thatcher, 22 February 1984. Ibid. 19. Record of a meeting with the Council of Civil Service Unions, 23 February 1984. Ibid. 20. Interview with Lord Armstrong of Ilminster. 21. Howe speech draft, 24 February 1984, Prime Minister’s Papers, Security, Part 2 (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 22. Geoffrey Howe, Conflict of Loyalty, Macmillan, 1994, pp. 347–8. 23. Interview with Lord Armstrong of Ilminster. 24. Thatcher Memoirs Materials, CAC: THCR 4/3. 25. Interview with Lord Gowrie. 26. Interview with Lord Butler of Brockwell. 27. Butler to Thatcher, 31 January 1984, Prime Minister’s Papers, Security, Part 1 (document consulted in the Cabinet Office). 28. Interview with Lord Gowrie. 29. Interview with Tim Flesher. 30. Ingham to Thatcher, 19 February 1981, TNA: PREM 19/539 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/126042). 31. Interview with Lord Butler of Brockwell. 32. Interview with Sir Peter Gregson. 33. Nigel Lawson, The View from No. 11, Bantam Press, 1992, p. 140. 34. Interview with Sir Peter Gregson. 35. Lawson, The View from No. 11, p. 150. 36. Interview with Sir Peter Gregson. 37. Armstrong to Thatcher, 21 July 1983, TNA: PREM 19/1329 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133113). 38. Interview with Lord Sherbourne of Didsbury. 39. Lawson, The View from No. 11, p. 154. 40. Interview with Lord Walker of Worcester. 41. Interview with Tim Flesher. 42. Interview with Lord Walker of Worcester. 43. Gregson to Thatcher, 14 September 1983, TNA: PREM 19/1329 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133119). 44. Record of a meeting in No. 10 Downing Street, 15 September 1983, TNA: PREM 19/1329 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133121). 45. Turnbull to Reidy, 2 November 1983, TNA: PREM 19/1329 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133128). 46. Ibid. 47. Pascall to Turnbull, 7 March 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1329 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133140). 48. Cabinet minutes, 13 March 1984, TNA: CAB 128/78 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133169). 49. See Ian MacGregor, The Enemies Within: The Story of the Miners’ Strike, 1984–5, Collins, 1986, pp. 192–3. 50. Interview with Lord Turnbull. 51. Note for the Record, 14 March 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1329 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133144). 52. Interview with Sir Brian Cubbon. 53. Note for the Record, 14 March 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1329 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133145) 54. Interview with Lord Brittan of Spennithorne. 55. Interview with Sir Brian Cubbon. 56. Ibid. 57. Coles to Thatcher, telephone message from Turnbull, 19 March 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1329 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/140016). 58. Message from Energy Private Office, 16 March 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1329 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/140015). 59. Turnbull to Thatcher, 24 May 1985, CAC: THCR 1/12/28 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/136462). 60. Interview with Lord Brittan of Spennithorne. 61. Interview with Lord Turnbull. 62. Interview with Lord Sherbourne of Didsbury. 63. Panorama, BBC 1, 9 April 1984 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/105538). 64. Interview with Lord Butler of Brockwell. 65. Turnbull to Thatcher, 30 May 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1330 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133357). 66. Interview with Lord Sherbourne of Didsbury. 67. Interview with Tim Flesher. 68. David Hart, Come to the Edge, Hutchinson, 1988, p. 214. 69. Interview with Lord Bell. 70. Hart to Thatcher, ‘Impressions from the coalfield’, 26 April 1984, CAC: THCR 1/12/28 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/136217). 71. Interview with Tim Flesher. 72. Redwood and Pascall to Thatcher, 18 April 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1330 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133308). 73. Cabinet Minutes, 3 May 1984, TNA: CAB 128/78 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133176). 74. Note of a meeting, 15 May 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1330 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133336). 75. Ibid. 76. Interview with Lord Turnbull. 77. Ibid. 78. Gregson to Thatcher, 18 May 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1330 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133343). 79. Barclay to Neilson, 30 May 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1330 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133356). 80. Speech at Banbury Cattle Market, 30 May 1984 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/105691). 81. Turnbull to Thatcher, 4 June 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1331 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133365). 82. Ibid. 83. Interview with Lord Turnbull. 84. Ibid. 85. Ibid. 86. Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, HarperCollins, 1993, p. 354. 87. Turnbull to Thatcher, 8 June 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1331 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133369). 88. Minutes of MISC 101 Meeting of 12 June, 13 June 1984, TNA: CAB 130/1268 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133258). 89. Turnbull to Thatcher, 13 June 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1331 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133374). 90. Turnbull to Thatcher, 15 June 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1331 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133377). 91. Interview with Lord Turnbull. 92. Daily Telegraph, 19 June 1984. 93. Millar to Thatcher, 16 July 1984, CAC: THCR 1/12/24 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/136443). 94. Gregson to Thatcher, 2 July 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1331 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133402). 95. Ibid. 96. Ibid. 97. Redwood to Thatcher, 13 July 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1331 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133420). 98. Thatcher’s notes, Gregson to Turnbull, 16 July 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1331 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133422). 99. Record of a Meeting at No. 10 Downing Street, 16 July 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1331 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133424). 100. Gregson to Turnbull, 16 July 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1331 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133422). 101. Interview with Lord Butler of Brockwell. 102. Reagan to Thatcher, 18 July 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1331 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133430). 103. Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 358. 104. Cabinet Minutes, 19 July 1984, TNA: CAB 128/79 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133186). 105. Thatcher to Reagan, 23 July 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1332 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133437). 106. Record of a meeting to discuss power station endurance, 25 July 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1332 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133441). 107. Turnbull to Thatcher, 18 July 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1331 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133431). 108. Interview with Lord Sherbourne of Didsbury. 109. Quoted in Hugo Young, One of Us, Macmillan, 1989, p. 367. 110. Interview with Ken Livingstone. 111. See Christopher Andrew, The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5, Allen Lane, 2009, p. 677. 112. Speech to the 1922 Committee, speaking notes, 19 July 1984, CAC: THCR 1/1/19 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/136215). 113. Spectator, 4 May 1984. 114. Interview with Lord Kinnock 115. Ibid. 116. See, for example, Hansard, HC Deb 24 July 1984, 64/822 (http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1984/jul/24/coal-industry-dispute). 117. Hansard, HC Deb 31 July 1984, 65/241–52 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/105732). 118. Interview with Sir Peter Gregson. 119. Ibid. 120. Ibid. 121. Daily Coal Report, 3 September 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1333 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133501). 122. Turnbull to Thatcher, 3 September
1984, TNA: PREM 19/1333 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133505). 123. Record of a meeting on 4 September, 5 September 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1333 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133507). 124. Interview with Lord Turnbull. 125. Interview with Lord Sherbourne of Didsbury. 126. Interview with Lord Turnbull. 127. Interview with Ken Livingstone. 128. Redwood to Thatcher, 13 September 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1333 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133539). 129. Hart to Thatcher, 18 September 1984, CAC: THCR 1/12/26 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/136219). 130. Ibid. 131. Enthronement sermon of Bishop of Durham, 21 September 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1334 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133575). 132. Butler to Thatcher, 26 September 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1334 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133581). 133. Sherbourne to Thatcher, 28 September 1984, CAC: THCR 5/1/4/80 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/136256). 134. Draft Thatcher speech (on arrival at Brighton), 8 October 1984, CAC: THCR 5/1/4/82 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/136222). 135. Ibid. 136. Speech to Conservative Party Conference, 12 October 1984 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/105763). 137. Note for the record, 15 October 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1334 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133622). 138. Ibid. 139. Ibid. 140. Ibid. 141. Memo of telephone conversation with Thatcher by Hart, 14 October 1984, Private Papers of the late David Hart. 142. Daily Coal Report, 24 October 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1335 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133960). 143. Turnbull to Thatcher, 17 July 1984, CAC: THCR 1/12/24 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/136445). 144. Ibid. 145. Undated MS in the Private Papers of the late David Hart. 146. See Andrew, The Defence of the Realm, pp. 679–80, 699. 147. Private information. 148. Armstrong to Butler, 5 November 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1335 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133996). 149. Francis Beckett and David Hencke, Marching to the Fault Line: The 1984 Miners’ Strike and the Battle for Industrial Britain, Constable, 2009, p. 148. 150. Turnbull to Thatcher, 29 October 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1335 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133974). 151. Ibid. 152. Written on back of Turnbull to Thatcher, 17 September 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1333 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133548). 153. Ingham to Thatcher, 30 November 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1578 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/140017). 154. Ibid. 155. Interview with Lord Kinnock 156. ‘My November 8 Call on the PM’, 9 November 1984, State Department Archives, released under FOIA Case #200905115. 157. Cabinet Minutes, 15 November 1984, TNA: CAB 128/79 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/133196). 158. Hansard, HL Deb 13 November 1984, 457/240 (http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/lords/1984/nov/13/address-in-reply-to-her-majestys-most). 159. Warry to Turnbull, 13 November 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1335 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/134024). 160. Record of a meeting, 13 December 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1578 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/138233). 161. Neilson to Turnbull, 20 December 1984, TNA: PREM 19/1578 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/138229). 162. Thatcher to Mrs Linton, 4 February 1985, TNA: PREM 19/1579 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/138171). 163. Daily Coal Report, 8 February 1985, TNA: PREM 19/1579 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/138107). 164. ‘The Final Push’, Hart to Thatcher, 11 February 1985, TNA: PREM 19/1579 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/138108). 165. Ingham to Thatcher, 18 February 1985, TNA: PREM 19/1579 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/138183). 166. Speaking note, 18 February 1985, TNA: PREM 19/1579 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/138183). 167. Daily Coal Report, 27 February 1985, TNA: PREM 19/1579 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/138119). 168. Daily Coal Report, 8 March 1985, TNA: PREM 19/1580 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/138657). 169. Remarks on the end of the miners’ strike, 3 March 1985 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/105982). 170. Lessons of the 1984/85 miners’ strike, 20 May 1985, TNA: PREM 19/1580 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/138716). 171. Turnbull to Thatcher, 24 May 1985, CAC: THCR 1/12/28 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/136462). 172. Interview with Lord Butler of Brockwell. 173. Addison to Turnbull and Flesher, 28 May 1985, TNA: PREM 19/1580 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/138720). 174. Interview with Lord Turnbull. 175. Interview with John Redwood. 176. Interview with Lord Sherbourne of Didsbury. 177. Speech to Malaysian Institute of Public Administration, 6 April 1985 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/106010). 178. Ingham to Thatcher, 15 April 1985, TNA: PREM 19/1580 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/138710). 179. Interview with Lord Sherbourne of Didsbury. 180. Interview with Lord Bell. 181. Interview with Tim Flesher. 182. Interview with Lord Walker. 183. Thatcher to Mrs Hackett, 4 April 1985, TNA: PREM 19/1580 (http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/138713). 184. Ibid.