The Iron Lady
Page 69
12 Speech to the Conservative Party Conference, 16 October 1981.
13 Interview, Raymond Seitz.
14 Millar, p. 335.
15 Speech to the Conservative Party Conference, 12 October 1984.
16 Smith, p. 26.
17 Tony Benn, Free at Last: Diaries 1991 – 2001 (Hutchinson, 2002), p. 211 [4 November 1993].
18 Chris Ogden, Maggie (Simon & Schuster, New York, 1990), p. 236.
19 Speeches at the White House, Washington, DC, 26 February 1981.
20 Reagan papers, Box 35, 8100164 – 8102258.
21 Robin Renwick, Fighting with Allies: America and Britain in Peace and War (Macmillan, 1996), p. 50.
22 Ronald Reagan to Margaret Thatcher, 4 August 1981 (Reagan papers, Box 35, 8100164 – 8102258).
23 Newsweek, 21 June 1982.
24 Reagan to Mrs Thatcher, 17 June 1983 (Head of State file, Box 34, 152/04/4).
25 Reagan to Mrs Thatcher, 30 May 1984 (CO 167, 237000 – 245999)
26 John Poindexter memo, 29 July 1983 (CO 167, 160000 – 169999)
27 US Embassy briefing, September 1983 (European and Soviet Affairs Directorate, NSC, Box 90902).
28 Thatcher, p. 469.
29 Richard Perle, interviewed for The Thatcher Factor.
30 George Shultz, interviewed on Thatcher: The Downing Street Years.
31 Reagan to Mrs Thatcher, 18 July 1984 (Box 35, 88404781 – 8407224).
32 Press conference in Washington, DC, 15 November 1986.
33 Face the Nation, CBS, 17 July 1987.
34 Richard Perle, interviewed for The Thatcher Factor.
35 House of Commons, 1 July 1982 [Vol. 26, col. 1044].
36 Minute of meeting between Mrs Thatcher and Caspar Weinberger, 8 September 1982 (NSC, Box 91330).
37 Reagan to Mrs Thatcher, 12 November 1982 (Head of State file, Box 34, 152/04/4).
38 Robert Macfarlane/George Shultz memo, 22 December 1984 (NSC, Box 90902).
39 Mrs Thatcher to Reagan, 29 March 1983 (Box 35, 8301952 – 8303361).
40 Reagan to Mrs Thatcher, 6 April 1983 (loc. cit.).
41 Briefing paper, June 1984 (CO 1167, 270790 – 289999).
42 Washington Post, 17 June 1983.
43 Reagan to Mrs Thatcher, 18 June 1982 (NSC, Box 90902).
44 Reagan to Mrs Thatcher, 24 June 1982 (Head of State file, Box 34, 152/04/4).
45 William Clark memo to Reagan, 22 June 1982 (NSC, Box 91327).
46 George Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State (Scribner’s, New York, 1993), p. 1152.
47 Reagan to MrsThatcher, 7 December 1983 (Box 35, 8307330 – 83308843).
48 George Bush to Mrs Thatcher, 8 December 1983 (CO 167, 207000 – 215999).
49 John Poindexter memo to Reagan, 15 November 1986 (CO 167, 440030).
50 Smith, p. 224.
51 Carol Thatcher, p. 210.
52 House of Commons, 24 October 1983 [Vol. 47, cols 227 – 30].
53 Reagan to Mrs Thatcher, 24 October 1983 (Executive Secretariat, NSC, Box 91331).
54 Reagan to Mrs Thatcher, loc. cit.
55 Interview, Sir John Coles.
56 Reagan to Mrs Thatcher, 25 October 1983 (Executive Secretariat, NSC, Box 91330).
57 House of Commons, 25 October 1983 [Vol. 47, cols 143 – 6].
58 House of Commons, 27 October 1983 [Vol. 47, col. 422].
59 Brian Crozier, Free Agent: The Unseen War, 1941 – 1991 (HarperCollins, 1993), p. 264.
60 BBC World Service, 30 October 1983.
61 Renwick, p. 244.
62 New York Times, 11 January 1986.
63 Irish Times, 20 May 2000.
64 Thatcher, p. 445.
65 Renwick, pp. 250 – 51.
66 Thatcher, p. 447.
67 House of Commons, 15 April 1986 [Vol. 95, col. 726].
68 David Owen, Time to Declare (Michael Joseph, 1991), pp. 641 – 2.
69 Thatcher, p. 449.
70 Margaret Thatcher, Statecraft: Strategies for a Changing World (HarperCollins, 2002), p. 232.
71 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 449.
72 Reagan speech in Orlando, Florida, 8 March 1983.
73 Baker, p. 262.
74 Reynolds, p. 277.
75 Speech in Washington, DC, 29 September 1983.
76 Thatcher, p. 457.
77 Ibid., p. 452.
78 Peter Walker, Staying Power (Bloomsbury, 1991), p. 193.
79 Cradock, p. 144.
80 Memorandum of conversation at Camp David, 22 December 1984 (NSC, Box 90902).
81 Thatcher, p. 461.
82 Carol Thatcher, p. 222.
83 Thatcher, p. 461.
84 BBC TV interview, 17 December 1984.
85 Speech in Washington, DC, 25 July 1985.
86 James Baker, interviewed on Thatcher: The Downing Street Years.
87 Letters displayed in the Reagan Library.
88 Memorandum of conversation at Camp David, 22 December 1984 (NSC, Box 90902).
89 Thatcher, pp. 463, 466.
90 Robin Butler in Dale, pp. 108 – 9.
91 Memorandum of conversation at Camp David, 22 December 1984 (NSC, Box 90902).
92 Ibid.
93 Reagan to NATO leaders, January 1985 (Box 35, 8590010-8590047).
94 Lt. Gen. James Abrahamson to Mrs Thatcher, 3 January 1985 (Box 35, 8500392-8500484).
95 Macfarlane, p. 284.
96 Speech to the US Congress, Washington, DC, 20 February 1985.
97 Mrs Thatcher to Reagan, 22 February 1985 (Box 35, 8590152-8590923).
98 Macfarlane, pp. 305 – 7.
99 Smith, p.177.
100 Macfarlane, p. 306.
101 Thatcher, pp. 467, 471.
102 John Poindexter memo to Reagan, 15 November 1986 (NSC, Box 90902).
103 Ibid.
104 George Shultz memo to Reagan, November 1986 (loc. cit.).
105 Interview for ABC, 21 January 1987.
106 Daily Express, 22 April 1987.
107 Face the Nation, CBS, I July 1987.
108 Thatcher, p. 482.
109 Cockerell, p. 318.
110 RodneyTyler, Campaign!The Selling of the Prime Minister (Grafton Books, 1987).
17. Iron Lady II: Europe and the World
1 Speech to Franco-British Council, Avignon, 30 November 1984.
2 Thatcher, p. 536.
3 Young, p. 383.
4 Harold Evans, Good Times, Bad Times (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1983), p. 284.
5 Ingham, p. 265.
6 Thatcher, p. 543.
7 Sir Geoffrey Howe, interviewed on The Last Europeans, Channel 4, 1995.
8 Margaret Thatcher, interviewed on The Poisoned Chalice, BBC 1996.
9 David Williamson, interviewed on The Last Europeans.
10 Bernard Ingham, interviewed on The Poisoned Chalice.
11 Jacques Delors, interviewed on The Poisoned Chalice.
12 House of Commons, 30 April 1974 [Vol. 872, col. 967].
13 Speech at Lille, 20 January 1986.
14 Interview, Sir John Coles.
15 Sowetan, 2 October 1989.
16 Press conference in Oslo, 12 September 1986.
17 Thatcher, p. 515.
18 BBC, 27 June 1986.
19 Interview on Channel 10, Sydney, 4 August 1988.
20 Anthony Sampson, Nelson Mandela (HarperCollins, 1999), pp. 321, 356.
21 Reagan to Mrs Thatcher, 23 June 1986 (Box 35, 8690401-8690687).
22 Robin Renwick, Unconventional Diplomacy in Southern Africa (Macmillan, 1997), p. 152.
23 House of Commons, 13 February 1990 [Vol. 167, col. 140].
24 Sampson, p. 409.
25 Thatcher, p. 533; Sampson, p. 418.
26 Richard Allen memo to Reagan (Box 35, 8106458).
27 Reagan to Mrs Thatcher, November 1981 (loc. cit.).
28 Reagan to Mrs Thatcher, 1 December 1981 (loc. cit.).
29 Mrs Thatcher to Reagan, 22 March 1983 (Box 35, 8301952-8300964)
.
30 Mrs Thatcher to Reagan, 5 November 1983 (Box 35, 8391259-8391521).
31 Thatcher, p. 334.
32 Note of meeting between Mrs Thatcher and Caspar Weinberger, 29 February 1984 (Executive Secretariat NSC, Box 90902).
33 Memorandum of a conversation at Camp David, 22 January 1984 (NSC, Box 90902).
34 Thatcher, p. 509.
35 Memorandum of meeting between Mrs Thatcher and George Shultz, 17 January 1987.
36 Thatcher, p. 510.
37 Press conference at Cancun, Mexico, 23 October 1981.
38 Gerald James, In the Public Interest (Little, Brown, 1995), p. 67.
39 The Times, 27 September 1985.
40 Observer, 12 January 1986.
41 House of Commons, 17 January 1984, 24 January 1984 [Vol. 52, cols 159, 766]; Weekend World, 15 January 1984; Panorama, 9 April 1984.
42 Paul Halloran and Mark Hollingsworth, Thatcher’s Gold: The Life and Times of Mark Thatcher (Simon & Schuster, 1995), pp. 178 – 86.
43 Andrew Marr, Ruling Britannia (Michael Joseph, 1995).
44 Note of meeting between Mrs Thatcher and Caspar Weinberger, 29 February 1984 (Executive Secretariat NSC, Box 90902).
45 Not the Scott Report (Private Eye, 1994), p. 13.
46 Ibid., p. 14.
47 Alan Friedman, Spider’s Web: Bush, Saddam, Thatcher and the Decade of Deceit (Faber, 1993), p. 251.
48 The Times, 9 November 1989.
49 The Scott Report (HMSO, 1994), G12, 30.
50 House of Commons, 4 December 1986 [Vol. 106, col. 1078].
51 Scott Report, G12, 30.
52 Ibid., D2, 328 – 30.
53 Not the Scott Report, p. 9.
54 Ibid., p. 24.
55 Ibid.
18. Enemies Within
1 House of Commons, 26 January 1984 [Vol. 52, col. 1047].
2 Hennessy, Cabinet, pp. 32 – 3.
3 Young, p. 367.
4 Speech at NUM conference, 4 July 1983.
5 Annual Register 1984, p. 8.
6 Michael Crick, Scargill and the Miners (Penguin, 1985), p. 108.
7 The Times, 28 March 1984.
8 Thatcher, p. 340.
9 House of Commons, 13 March 1984 [Vol. 56, col. 279].
10 Speech to farmers at Banbury, Oxfordshire, 30 May 1984.
11 House of Commons, 15 March 1984; [Vol. 56, cols 512 – 13] Panorama, 9 April 1984 .
12 Sir Ian MacGregor on BBC TV, The Downing Street Years, 1993.
13 Yorkshire Post, 20 July 1984.
14 Wendy Webster, Not a Man to Match Her: The Marketing of the Prime Minister (Women’s Press, 1990), p. 159.
15 Sunday Mirror, 3 October 1984.
16 Interview, Sir Michael Partridge.
17 BBC TV, Thatcher: The Downing Street Years, 1993.
18 Speech at Conservative Party Conference, 12 October 1984.
19 Daily Express, 31 December 1984.
20 The Times, 4 March 1985.
21 Simon Jenkins, p. 156; Marr, p. 104.
22 Pym, p. 19.
23 House of Commons, 16 December 1982 [Vol. 34, col. 476].
24 Wyatt, Vol. 1 p. 229, (24 November 1986).
25 The Woman at No. 10, ITV, 29 March 1983.
26 Weekend World, 6 January 1980.
27 Millar, p. 284.
28 Address at St Lawrence Jewry, 4 March 1981.
29 Wyatt, p. 496 (7 February 1988).
30 The Times, 26 July 1990.
31 Thatcher, pp. 509 – 10.
32 Lawson, p. 256.
33 Sunday Times, 8 May 1988.
34 Tom Wilkie in Dennis Kavanagh and Anthony Seldon (eds), The Thatcher Effect: A Decade of Change (Oxford, 1989), pp. 316 – 29.
35 Speech to Conservative Party Conference, 13 October 1989.
36 George Urban, Diplomacy and Disillusion at the Court of Margaret Thatcher: An Insider’s View (Tauris, 1996), p. 23.
37 Thatcher, p. 267.
38 Michael Leapman, The Last Days of the Beeb (Allen & Unwin, 1986), p. 32.
39 House of Commons, 14 March 1985 [Vol. 75, col. 429].
40 Alastair Hetherington in Kavanagh and Seldon, p. 298.
41 Wyatt, p. 160 (29 June 1986).
42 David Butler and Gareth Butler, British Political Facts, p. 499.
43 Wyatt, p. 158 (15 November 1989).
44 Andrew Neil, Full Disclosure (Macmillan, 1986), p. 137.
45 Speech to the British Society of Magazine Editors, 29 July 1988.
19. Irish Dimension
1 Interviews, Tom King, Sir Frank Cooper.
2 Airey Neave Memorial Lecture, 2 March 1980.
3 Bruce Arnold, Haughey: His Life and Unlucky Deeds (HarperCollins, 1993), pp. 167 – 8.
4 Ibid, pp. 173 – 4.
5 House of Commons, 20 November 1980 [Vol. 994, col. 27].
6 House of Commons, 14 May 1981 [Vol. 4, col. 881].
7 Sinn Fein poster commemorating the twentieth anniversary of the hunger strikes, 2001.
8 House of Commons, 14 May 1981 [Vol. 4, col. 881].
9 Speech to Conservative Women’s Conference, London, 20 May 1981.
10 Speech at Stormont, 28 May 1981.
11 Sinn Fein poster, 2001.
12 Renwick, Fighting with Allies, p. 230.
13 Garret FitzGerald, All in a Life (Macmillan, 1991), p. 378.
14 Chris Patten, interviewed for The Thatcher Factor.
15 Institute of Contemporary British History witness seminar, 26 April 1995.
16 Lord Gowrie, Chris Patten, interviewed for The Thatcher Factor.
17 Dennis C. Blair to Richard V. Allen, National Security Council memorandum, 10 June 1981 (Reagan Library).
18 Mark Stuart, Douglas Hurd:The Public Servant (Mainstream, 1998), p. 135.
19 Carol Thatcher, p. 219.
20 Millar, p. 301.
21 Cole, p. 278.
22 Speech to Conservative Party Conference, 12 October 1984.
23 Speech at Finchley, 20 October 1984.
24 Tyler, p. 245; George Gardiner in Dale, p. 46.
25 Wyatt, p. 415 (5 October 1987).
26 Alistair McAlpine in BBC TV, Thatcher: The Downing Street Years (1993)
27 FitzGerald, p. 517; Stuart, p. 140.
28 Press conference at 12 Downing Street, 19 November 1984.
29 Reagan papers, e.g. CO 167, 216000-226999.
30 Tip O’Neill, Edward Kennedy and others to Reagan, 20 December 1984 (NSC, Box 90902).
31 Record of meeting at Camp David, 22 December 1984 (NSC, Box 90902).
32 Reagan to O’Neill, 9 January 1985, in Boston Globe, 30 June 2002.
33 Thatcher, p. 403.
34 Speech to Conservative Party Conference, 14 October 1988.
35 Institute of Contemporary British History witness seminar, 26 April 1995.
20. Elective Dictatorship
1 Hennessy, Whitehall, p. 314.
2 Charles Powell, interviewed on Thatcher: The Downing Street Years.
3 Interviewed on Thatcher: The Downing Street Years.
4 Interview, Lord Crickhowell.
5 Lawson, p. 918.
6 Penny Junor, John Major: from Brixton to Downing Street (Penguin, 1996), pp. 117 – 19.
7 Lord Weatherill at ICBH witness seminar, 25 February 2002.
8 Thatcher, p. 41.
9 Interview, Lord Wakeham.
10 Ridley, p. 33.
11 Cockerell, pp. 300 – 302, 336 – 7.
12 Sarah Bradford, Elizabeth: A Biography of her Majesty the Queen (Heinemann, 1996), p. 381.
13 Pimlott, p. 460.
14 Lord Hunt in Pimlott, p. 461.
15 Bradford, p. 380.
16 Observer, 5 June 1983.
17 Bradford, p. 389.
18 Reference lost.
19 Thatcher, p. 755.
20 Nationwide, BBC TV, 14 June 1981.
21 Sunday Times, 5 August 1988.
22 Speech to WRVS, 19 January 1981.
23 The Times, 22
November 1989.
24 Nationwide, BBC TV, 14 June 1981.
25 BBC Radio interview, 23 March 1987.
26 Remarks in Downing Street, 3 January 1988.
27 Ibid., 3 March 1989.
28 Cosgrave, p. 14.
29 Interviewed on The Jimmy Young Programme, BBC Radio 2, 26 February 1986.
30 Thomson, p. 50.
31 Thatcher, p. 307.
32 Interview, Lady Young.
33 Speech to Conservative Women’s Conference, 25 May 1988.
34 Lawson, p. 127.
35 Tyler, p. 191.
36 Interviewed on Newsnight, BBC TV, 30 July 1985.
37 Wyatt, p. 359 (4 June 1987).
38 Millar, p. 275.
39 The Times, 27 November 1987.
21. Stumble and Recovery
1 Thatcher, p. 463.
2 Ibid., p. 433.
3 Lord Whitelaw, John Biffen, interviewed for The Thatcher Factor.
4 House of Commons, 27 January 1986 [Vol. 90, col. 652].
5 The full text of Mayhew’s letter is printed in Tam Dalyell, Misrule: How Mrs Thatcher Misled Parliament from the Sinking of the Belgrano to the Wright Affair (Hamish Hamilton, 1987), pp. 137 – 8.
6 House of Commons, 27 January 1986 [Vol. 90, col. 660].
7 Sun, 7 January 1986; The Times, 7 January 1986.
8 House of Commons, 23 January 1986 [Vol. 90, col. 455].
9 Ibid. [Vol. 90, col. 449 – 50].
10 Thatcher, p. 432.
11 Interview, Lord Younger.
12 The Times, 10 January 1986.
13 House of Commons, 23 January 1986 [Vol. 90, col. 450].
14 Ingham, p. 335.
15 House of Commons, 23 January 1986 [Vol. 90, col. 450].
16 Ibid. [Vol. 90, col. 455].
17 Young, p. 443.
18 House of Commons, 27 January 1986 [Vol. 90, col. 657].
19 Peter Jenkins, Mrs Thatcher’s Revolution: The Ending of the Socialist Era (Jonathan Cape, 1987), p. 199.
20 Lord Havers, interviewed for The Thatcher Factor.
21 House of Commons, 23 January 1986 [Vol. 90, col. 450].
22 The Times, 25 January 1986.
23 Millar, p. 310.
24 Ingham, p. 337.
25 TV-am, 7 June 1987.
26 House of Commons, 27 January 1986 [Vol. 90, cols 646 – 51].
27 Clark, p. 135 (27 January 1986).
28 House of Commons, 27 January 1986 [Vol. 90, cols 651 – 8].
29 Clark, p.135 (27 January 1986).
30 House of Commons, 27 January 1986 [Vol. 90, cols 661 – 2].
31 Leon Brittan, interviewed for The Thatcher Factor.