The Iron Lady

by John Campbell

  Margaret Thatcher, Complete Public Statements, 1945 – 1990 on CD-Rom (Oxford University Press, 1999)

  Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons, 1959 – 1992, —, House of Lords, 1992-2001

  George Bush presidential papers (George Bush Library, College Station,Texas)

  Jimmy Carter presidential papers (Carter Library, Atlanta, Georgia)

  Ronald Reagan presidential papers (Reagan Library, Simi Valley, California)

  Conservative Party Archive (Bodleian Library, Oxford)

  Conservative Party election manifestos, 1979, 1983, 1987, 1992 (Conservative Central Office)

  Conservative Party Conference reports (Conservative Central Office)

  David Butler/Dennis Kavanagh interviews (Nuffield College, Oxford)

  Interviews conducted for the British Diplomatic Oral History Programme (Archives Centre, Churchill College, Cambridge)

  Interviews conducted for Brook Productions’ TV series The Seventies and The Thatcher Factor (London School of Economics)

  Annual Register

  Dartford Chronicle

  Economist

  Erith Observer

  Finchley Press

  Grantham Guardian

  Grantham Journal

  Independent

  Kentish Independent

  The Times

  KGGS Magazine, 1938 – 44

  Palmer’s Almanack (Grantham)

  The Franks Report: Falkland Islands Review (Pimlico, 1992)

  Indictment of MargaretThatcher, Secretary of State for Education 1970 – 73,in Defence of the Education Act, 1944 (PSW Publications, Leicester. 1973)

  Not the Scott Report (Private Eye, 1994)

  The Right Approach (Conservative Central Office 1976)

  The Right Approach to the Economy (Conservative Central Office 1977)

  The Scott Report (HMSO, 1994)

  Broadcast sources

  The Woman at Number Ten (BBC 1983)

  Woman to Woman (Yorkshire TV, 1985)

  The English Woman’s Wardrobe (De Wolfe Productions, 1986)

  Thatcher: The Downing Street Years (BBC, 1993)

  The Last Europeans (Channel 4, 1995)

  The Poisoned Chalice (BBC, 1996)

  Consequences (BBC Radio 4, 1996)

  The Great Sell-Off (BBC, 1997)

  Endgame in Ireland (BBC, 2001)

  The Curse of the Mummy (BBC, 2001)

  Maggie: The First Lady (Brook Lapping, 2003)

  Secondary Sources

  Leo Abse, Margaret, Daughter of Beatrice: A Politician’s Psycho-Biography of Margaret Thatcher (Jonathan Cape, 1989)

  Martin Adeney and John Lloyd: The Miners’ Strike, 1984 – 85: Loss Without Limit (Routledge, 1986)

  Jim Allen: The Grantham Connection (Grantham Book Centre, 1986)

  Kingsley Amis, Memoirs (Hutchinson, 1991)

  Bruce Anderson, John Major: The Making of the Prime Minister (Fourth Estate, 1991)

  Oliver Anderson: Rotten Borough (Ivor Nicholson & Watson, 1937; reissued, Fourth Estate, 1989)

  Noel Annan, Our Age: Portrait of a Generation (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1990)

  Bruce Arnold, Margaret Thatcher: A Study in Power (Hamish Hamilton, 1984)

  —, Haughey: His Life and Unlucky Deeds (HarperCollins, 1993)

  Paul Arthur and Keith Jeffery, Northern Ireland since 1968 (Blackwell, 1988)

  Paddy Ashdown, The Ashdown Diaries, Vol. 1, 1988-1997 (Allen Lane, 2000)

  Jacques Attali, Verbatim (Fayard, Paris, 1995)

  Kenneth Baker, The Turbulent Years: My Life in Politics (Faber, 1993)

  Malcolm Balen, Kenneth Clarke (Fourth Estate, 1994)

  Stuart Ball and Antony Seldon eds.:The Heath Government,1970 – 74 (Longman, 1996)

  Anthony Barber, Taking the Tide (Michael Russell, 1996)

  Anthony Barnett, Iron Britannia: Why Parliament Waged its Falklands War (Allison & Busby, 1982)

  Nina Bawden, In My Own Time (Virago, 1994)

  Andy Beckett, Pinochet in Piccadilly: Britain and Chile’s Hidden History (Faber, 2002)

  Robert Behrens: The Conservative Party from Heath to Thatcher (Saxon House, 1980)

  Tony Benn: Against the Tide: Diaries, 1973 – 76 (Hutchinson, 1989)

  —, Conflicts of Interest: Diaries, 1977 – 80 (Hutchinson, 1990)

  —, The End of an Era: Diaries, 1980 – 90 (Hutchinson, 1992)

  —, Free at Last: Diaries, 1991 – 2001 (Hutchinson, 2002)

  Claire Berlinski: ‘There Is No Alternative’: Why Margaret Thatcher Matters (Basic Books, 2008)

  Paul Bew, Henry Patterson and Paul Teague, Between War and Peace: The Political Future of Northern Ireland (Laurence and Wishart, 1997)

  Patrick Bishop and Eamonn Mallie, The Provisional IRA (Heinemann, 1987)

  Tessa Blackstone and William Plowden, Inside the Think Tank: Advising the Cabinet, 1971 – 1983 (Heinemann, 1988)

  David Blair, The History of the Oxford University Conservative Association (OUCA, 1995)

  Robert Blake, The Conservative Party from Peel to Thatcher (Faber, 1985)

  Robert Blake and John Patten, ed.: The Conservative Opportunity (Macmillan, 1976)

  John Boyd-Carpenter, Way of Life (Sidgwick & Jackson, 1980)

  Andrew Boyle, The Climate of Treason: Five Who Spied for Russia (Hutchinson, 1979)

  Rhodes Boyson, Speaking my Mind (Peter Owen, 1995)

  Sarah Bradford, Elizabeth: A Biography of Her Majesty the Queen (Heinemann, 1996)

  Gyles Brandreth, Breaking the Code: The Westminster Diaries, May 1990 – May 1997 (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1999)

  Jock Bruce-Gardyne, MrsThatcher’s First Administration:The Prophets Confounded (Macmillan, 1984)

  —, Ministers and Mandarins: Inside the Whitehall Village (Sidgwick & Jackson, 1986)

  Lisa Budreau: An Analysis of the Anglo-American Alliance During the Second World War in Grantham (Grantham Museum, 1993)

  Barbara Bush, A Memoir (Scribners, New York, 1994)

  George Bush and Brent Scowcroft, A World Transformed (Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1998)

  David Butler, The British General Election of 1951 (Macmillan, 1952)

  David Butler and Richard Rose,The British General Election of 1959 (Macmillan, 1960)

  David Butler and Anthony King,The British General Election of 1964 (Macmillan, 1965)

  —, The British General Election of 1966 (Macmillan, 1967)

  David Butler and Michael Pinto-Duchinsky, The British General Election of 1970 (Macmillan, 1971)

  David Butler and Dennis Kavanagh, The British General Election of February 1974 (Macmillan, 1974)

  —, The British General Election of October 1974 (Macmillan, 1975)

  —, The British General Election of 1979 (Macmillan, 1980)

  —, The British General Election of 1983 (Macmillan, 1984)

  —, The British General Election of 1987 (Macmillan, 1988)

  David Butler and Uwe Kitzinger, The 1975 Referendum (Macmillan, 1976)

  David Butler, Andrew Adonis and Tony Travers, Failure in British Government: The Politics of the Poll Tax (Oxford, 1994)

  Davis Butler and Gareth Butler, British Political Facts, 1900-1994 (Macmillan, 1994)

  Michael Butler, Europe: More than a Continent (Heinemann, 1986)

  R.A. Butler, The Art of the Possible (Hamish Hamilton, 1971)

  James Callaghan, Time and Chance (Collins, 1987)

  Beatrix Campbell, The Iron Ladies: Why do Women Vote Tory (Virago, 1987)

  John Campbell, Edward Heath (Jonathan Cape, 1993)

  Humphrey Carpenter, Robert Runcie: The Reluctant Archbishop (Hodder & Stoughton, 1996)

  Lord Carrington, Reflect on Things Past (Collins, 1988)

  Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith (Collins, 1982)

  John Carvel, Turn Again, Livingstone (Profile Books, 1999)

  Michael Carver, Tightrope Walking: British Defence Policy since 1945 (Hutchinson, 1992)

  Barbara Castle, The Castle Diaries, 1964 – 70 (Weidenfeld &
Nicolson, 1984)

  —, The Castle Diaries, 1974 – 76 (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1980)

  —, Fighting All The Way (Macmillan, 1993)

  Michael Charlton, The Last Colony in Africa: Diplomacy and the Independence of Rhodesia (Blackwell, 1990)

  Alan Clark, Diaries (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1993)

  —, Diaries: Into Politics (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2000)

  —, The Tories: Conservatives and the Nation State, 1922 – 1997 (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998)

  Peter Clarke, A Question of Leadership: Gladstone to Thatcher (Hamish Hamilton, 1991)

  —, Hope and Glory: Britain 1900-1990 (Allen Lane, 1996)

  Michael Cockerell, Live from Number 10: The Inside Story of Prime Ministers and Television (Faber, 1988)

  Michael Cockerell, Peter Hennessy and David Walker, Sources Close to the Prime Minister: Inside the Hidden World of the News Manipulators (Macmillan, 1984)

  Richard Cockett, Thinking the Unthinkable: Think-Tanks and the Economic Counter-Revolution, 1931 – 1983 (HarperCollins, 1994)

  Richard Cockett, ed.: My Dear Max: The Letters of Brendan Bracken to Lord-Beaverbrook, 1925 – 1958 (Historians’ Press, 1990)

  John Cole, The Thatcher Years: A Decade of Revolution in British Politics (BBC, 1987)

  —, As It Seemed to Me (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1995)

  Terry Coleman, Movers and Shakers (Bantam, 1987)

  —, Thatcher’s Britain: A Journey through the Promised Lands (Bantam, 1987)

  John Coles, Making Foreign Policy: A Certain Idea of Britain (John Murray, 2000)

  Patrick Cormack ed.: Right Turn: Eight men Who Changed Their Mind (Leo Cooper, 1978)

  Patrick Cosgrave: Margaret Thatcher: A Tory and her Party (Hutchinson, 1978)

  —, Thatcher: The First Term (Bodley Head, 1985)

  —, Carrington: A Life and a Policy (Dent, 1985)

  —, The Lives of Enoch Powell (Bodley Head, 1989)

  Philip Cowley and Matthew Bailey: “Peasants’ Uprising or Religious War?: Re-examining the 1975 Conservative Leadership Contest” in British Journal of Political Science, September 1999.

  Maurice Cowling ed.: Conservative Essays (Cassell, 1978)

  Brian Cox, The Great Betrayal (Chapman, 1992)

  David Cox ed., The Walden Interviews (Boxtree, 1990)

  Percy Cradock, Experiences in China (John Murray, 1994)

  —, In Pursuit of British Interests: Reflections on Foreign Policy under Margaret Thatcher and John Major (John Murray, 1997)

  Michael Crick, Scargill and the Miners (Penguin, 1985)

  —, Michael Heseltine (Hamish Hamilton, 1997)

  Julian Critchley, Westminster Blues (Hamish Hamilton, 1985)

  —, The Palace of Varieties: An Insider’s View of Westminster (John Murray, 1989)

  —, Heseltine: The Unauthorised Biography (Andre Deutsch, 1987)

  —, Some of Us: People Who Did Well Under Thatcher (John Murray, 1992)

  Richard Crossman, The Diaries of a Cabinet Minister (Hamish Hamilton & Jonathan Cape, 1975, 1976, 1977)

  Brian Crozier, Free Agent: The Unseen War, 1941 – 1991 (HarperCollins, 1993)

  Edwina Currie, Life Lines: Politics and Health (Sidgwick & Jackson, 1989)

  —, The Edwina Currie Diaries, 1987 – 1992 (Little, Brown, 2002)

  Iain Dale, ed., As I Said to Denis: The Margaret Thatcher Book of Quotations (Robson Books, 1997)

  —, Memories of Maggie (Politicos, 2000)

  Ann Dally, A Doctor’s Story (Macmillan, 1990)

  Macdonald Daly and Alexander George, Margaret Thatcher in her own Words (Penguin, 1987)

  Tam Dalyell, Misrule: How Mrs Thatcher Misled Parliament from the Sinking of the Belgrano to the Wright Affair (Hamish Hamilton, 1987)

  A.J. Davies, We, the Nation: The Conservative Party and the Pursuit of Power (Little, Brown, 1995)

  Rupert E. Davies: Methodism (Penguin, 1963)

  Robin Day, Grand Inquisitor (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1989)

  Peter de la Billière, Looking for Trouble (HarperCollins, 1994)

  Michael De-la-Noy, The Honours System: Who Gets What and Why (Virgin, 1992)

  Edmund Dell, The Chancellors: A History of the Chancellors of the Exchequer, 1945 – 1990 (HarperCollins, 1996)

  Andrew Denham and Mark Garnett, Keith Joseph (Acumen, 2001)

  David Dimbleby and David Reynolds, An Ocean Apart (BBC/Hodder, 1988)

  Jonathan Dimbleby, The Prince of Wales (Little, Brown, 1994)

  —, The Last Governor: Chris Patten and the Handover of Hong Kong (Little, Brown, 1997)

  Michael Dockrill, British Defence since 1945 (Blackwell, 1988)

  Bernard Donoughue, Prime Minister: The Conduct of Policy Under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan (Jonathan Cape, 1987)

  Edward du Cann, Two Lives: The Political and Business Careers of Edward du Cann (Images, Upton-upon-Severn, 1995)

  Michael Edwardes, Back from the Brink (Collins, 1983)

  Harold Evans, Good Times, Bad Times (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1983)

  Marcia Falkender, Downing Street in Perspective (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1983)

  Ivan Fallon,The Brothers: The Rise and Rise of Saatchi and Saatchi (Hutchinson, 1988)

  Diana Farr, Five at 10: Prime Ministers’ Consorts since 1957 (Andre Deutsch, 1985)

  Nigel Fisher, Iain Macleod (Andre Deutsch, 1973)

  —, The Tory Leaders: Their Struggle for Power (Hamish Hamilton, 1977)

  Garret Fitzgerald, All in a Life (Macmillan, 1991)

  Norman Fowler, Ministers Decide (Chapman, 1991)

  Antonia Fraser, The Warrior Queens: Boadicea’s Chariot (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988)

  Lawrence Freedman and Virginia Gamba-Stonehouse, Signals of War: The Falklands Conflict of 1982 (Faber, 1990)

  Lawrence Freedman and Efraim Karsh, The Gulf Conflict, 1990 – 91 (Faber, 1993)

  Alan Friedman, Spider’s Web: Bush, Saddam, Thatcher and the Decade of Deceit (Faber, 1993)

  Andrew Gamble, The Conservative Nation (Routledge & Kegan Paul 1974)

  —, The Free Economy and the Strong State: The Politics ofThatcherism (Macmillan, 1988)

  George Gardiner: Margaret Thatcher: From Childhood to Leadership (William Kimber, 1975)

  —, A Bastard’s Tale (Aurum, 1999)

  Mark Garnett, From Anger to Apathy: The British Experience since 1975 (Jonathan Cape, 2007)

  Mark Garnett and Ian Aitken, Splendid! Splendid! The Authorised Biography of Willie Whitelaw (Jonathan Cape, 2002)

  David Gergan, Eyewitness to Power: The Essence of Leadership: Nixon to Clinton (Simon & Schuster, New York, 2000)

  Frank Giles: Sundry Times (John Murray, 1986)

  Ian Gilmour: Inside Right: A Study of Conservatism (Hutchinson, 1977)

  —, Britain Can Work (Martin Robertson, 1983)

  —, Dancing with Dogma: Britain under Thatcherism (Simon & Schuster, 1992)

  Ian Gilmour and Mark Garnett, Whatever Happened to the Tories? The Conservative Party since 1945 (Fourth Estate, 1998)

  Philip Goodhart, The 1922:The Story of the Conservative Backbenchers’ Parliamentary Committee (Macmillan, 1973)

  Mikhail Gorbachev, Memoirs (Doubleday, 1996)

  Joe Gormley, Battered Cherub (Hamish Hamilton, 1982)

  Alexander Haig, Caveat: Realism, Reagan and Foreign Policy (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1984)

  Lord Hailsham,The Dilemma of Democracy (Collins, 1978)

  —,A Sparrow’s Flight (Collins, 1990)

  Morison Halcrow, Keith Joseph: A Single Mind (Macmillan, 1989)

  Paul Halloran and Mark Hollingsworth, Thatcher’s Gold: The Life and Times of Mark Thatcher (Simon & Schuster, 1995)

  Chris Ham, The Politics of NHS Reform: Metaphor or Reality? (King’s Fund, 2000)

  Kenneth Harris, Thatcher (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988) Robert Harris, Gotcha! The Media, the Government and the Falklands Crisis (Faber, 1983)

  —, The Making of Neil Kinnock (Faber, 1984)

  —, A Good and Fai
thful Servant: The Unauthorised Biography of Bernard Ingham (Faber, 1990)

  Ralph Harris and Brendon Sewill, British Economic Policy, 1970 – 74:Two Views (Institute of Economic Affairs, 1975)

  Brian Harrison, ‘Mrs Thatcher and the Intellectuals’ in Twentieth Century British History, 1994.

  Max Hastings and Simon Jenkins, The Battle for the Falklands (Michael Joseph, 1983)

  Bob Hawke, The Hawke Memoirs, (Heinemann, 1994)

  Denis Healey, The Time of my Life (Michael Joseph, 1989)

  Edward Heath, The Course of My Life (Hodder & Stoughton, 1998)

  Simon Heffer, Like the Roman: The Life of Enoch Powell (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998)

  Nicholas Henderson, Channels and Tunnels (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1987) Mandarin: The Diary of an Ambassador (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1994)

  Peter Hennessy, Cabinet (Blackwell, 1986)

  —, Whitehall (Secker & Warburg, 1989)

  —, The Prime Minister: The Office and its Holders since 1945 (Allen Lane, 2000)

  Peter Hennessy and Anthony Seldon eds., Ruling Performance: British Governments from Attlee to Thatcher (Blackwell, 1985)

  Michael Heseltine, Where There’s a Will (Hutchinson, 1987) Life in the Jungle (Hodder & Stoughton, 2000)

  Judy Hillman and Peter Clarke, Geoffrey Howe: A Quiet Revolutionary (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988)

  Paul Hirst, After Thatcher (Collins, 1989)

  Simon Hoggart and David Leigh, Michael Foot: A Portrait (Hodder & Stoughton, 1981)

  Mark Hollingsworth, The Ultimate Spin-Doctor: The Life and Fast Times of Tim Bell (Hodder & Stoughton, 1997)

  Martin Holmes, Political Pressure and Economic Policy: British Government, 1970 – 74 (Butterworth, 1982)

  —, The First Thatcher Government, 1979 – 1983 (Wheatsheaf, 1985)

  Michael Honeybone, The Book of Grantham (Barracuda Books, Buckingham, 1980)

  Alistair Horne, Macmillan, 1957 – 1986 (Macmillan, 1989)

  —, (ed)., Telling Lives (Macmillan, 2000)

  John Hoskyns, Just in Time: Inside the Thatcher Revolution (Aurum, 2000)

  Geoffrey Howe, Conflict of Loyalty (Macmillan, 1994)

  Rex Hunt, My Falkland Days (David & Charles, 1992)

  Douglas Hurd, The Search for Peace (Little, Brown, 1997)

  Marmaduke Hussey, Chance Governs All (Macmillan, 2001)

  Bernard Ingham, Kill the Messenger (HarperCollins, 1994)

  Eric Jacobs and Robert Worcester, We British: Britain under the Moriscope (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1990)