The Secret History of Jane Eyre
Page 23
Charlotte’s memories of, 34, 35, 52–53, 55–58, 60–71, 62, 63, 70
Clergy Daughters School in, 52, 54–56
cruelty inflicted in, 58, 63, 66, 169
Lowood based on, 53–55, 57–63, 70, 73, 79, 81, 86
Wilson as teacher in, 54, 56, 58, 63
Crimsworth, William (fict.), 99, 140–43, 159, 161–62
Crusoe, Robinson (fict.), 50
Dante Alighieri, 50
Dearden, William, 108
death:
and supernatural images, 41–42, 148
in Victorian era, 47–48, 54, 64, 65, 68, 71, 211
Defoe, Daniel, 50
Diamond (cat), 185
Diana (Greek goddess), 69, 190
Ducie, Lady (fict.), 156–57, 164
Earnshaw, Catherine (fict.), 176
Elinor (fict.), 49, 167
Eliot, George (Mary Ann Evans), 229
Elliott, Jane (fict./alias), 192–93
Emanuel, Paul (fict.), 218
Evans, Mary Ann (George Eliot), 229
Eyre, Jane (fict.):
and Bewick’s book, 39–42, 43, 44, 145
Charlotte becoming, 29, 34, 37, 49, 74, 75, 86, 92, 173
Charlotte’s fantasy world lived through, 22–23, 34, 42, 128–29, 153, 174, 210
childhood of, 32, 34, 35, 53, 54, 58–61, 75, 166
and “cord of communion,” 141, 143–47, 148, 149
and disease, 70
drawings by, 81–82, 92, 134, 144, 146–49, 194
and dreams, 68, 148, 171, 190
escape sought by, 35, 37, 45, 86, 92, 93, 171, 172, 173, 174–75, 178, 180, 187
fortune inherited by, 194–95
as governess, 81, 87, 94, 99–102, 150, 162, 234
individual kindnesses to, 50, 65, 68, 69
inner life of, 148, 230
isolation of, 82, 150, 174–75
locked in red-room, 45–47, 53, 79, 93, 163, 165, 166
and Lowood school, 53, 54, 57–60, 61–65, 69–70, 73, 79, 80, 81, 86, 90
marriage of, 32, 122, 159
at Marsh End/Moor House, 188–94, 196, 199, 200, 202, 213
in mirror image, 49, 165
moon as mother figure for, 171, 190
parallel lives of author and, 13, 25, 29, 74, 79, 80–82, 128–29, 136
personal development of, 74–75, 205
pluckiness of, 51, 53, 57, 64, 74, 141–42, 154, 205
rage of, 32, 44–45, 49, 90, 163, 164, 165–66, 167, 170, 210
return to Thornfield, 204, 205–7, 210–12
and “road of trials,” 50–51, 52, 57, 172
and Rochester, see Rochester, Fairfax
secret history of, 25–26, 29
and social class, 43, 53, 60, 83, 150–52
son of, 213
as teacher, 89–90, 136, 194
and truth, 56
victimhood of, 166
wandering, 175–77, 178–79, 190, 193, 232
Eyre, Mary, family of, 163
Fairfax, Mrs. (fict.), 78, 87, 103, 154, 164
fantasies:
childhood writings, 20
fulfillment of authors’ desires via, 22–23
Ferndean (fict.), 204, 211, 213
Fraser’s Magazine, 23
Freud, Sigmund, 164, 168, 170
furies (Greek myth), 45, 163–64, 166, 207
Garrs, Nancy, 108
Garrs, Sara, 209
Gaskell, Elizabeth, 94, 191, 216
on Charlotte’s schooling, 55–56, 57–58, 62, 63
The Life of Charlotte Brontë, 55–56, 130–31, 134, 218
on Maria Brontë, 66
on Patrick Brontë, 106, 107–8
on the writing of Jane Eyre, 30, 32, 47
Gérin, Winifred, 60, 96, 110, 131, 137, 221
Giaour (fict.), 125–26, 153
Gilbert (fict.), 48–49
Gil-Martin (fict.) [devil], 178
Glasstown fantasies, 159, 160
Goldsmith, Oliver, History of Rome, 75
Gondals (fict.), 186
Gytrash (legend), 104
Hannah (fict.) [servant], 188, 191, 196, 202
Harden, Mrs. (fict.), 62
Harman, Claire, 92
Hastings, Elizabeth (fict.), 26, 114, 120, 152
Hastings, Capt. Henry (fict.), 114, 117–19, 211
Haworth:
Brontë family home in, 30, 75–77, 82, 83, 85, 114, 139, 174, 184–87, 191, 192, 194, 196, 212, 213, 223
death and dying in, 47–48, 56, 213
dismal aspects of, 48, 208
flood near, 208–10
Marsh End/Moor House modeled on, 188–89, 194
Heathcliff (fict.), 176
Heger, Zoë Claire, 131, 133, 218
and Charlotte’s obsession with M. Heger, 101–2, 132, 137, 143, 169
as domineering woman, 35, 142, 152, 159
school run by, 21, 99, 131
teaching position offered by, 99, 136, 207
Heger, Constantin, 132–39, 141, 193, 196
Charlotte’s ill-fated obsession with, 27, 101–2, 132, 134, 135–36, 137, 138–39, 140, 143, 145, 149, 169, 173, 180, 182, 205, 207, 212
Charlotte’s letters to, 21–22, 136–39, 142, 149, 169
as model for Emanuel, 218
as model for Rochester, 132, 133, 138–39, 140, 144, 145–46, 149, 211
Henri, Frances (fict.), 140–41, 142–43, 162
Henry Hastings (Charlotte Brontë), 26, 114, 117–20, 121–22, 152
High Life in Verdopolis (Charlotte Brontë), 28, 151, 153
Hogg, James, Private Memoires and Confessions of a Justified Sinner, 178
Homer, 50
Iliad, 44
Horace, 44
Ingham family, 43, 93
Ingram, Blanche, 152–53, 154
Ingram, Dowager Lady, 151
Ireland, political extremism in, 76, 79
Jane Eyre:
autobiographical nature of, 23, 25, 37, 54, 71–72, 88, 90, 92, 96, 121, 146, 150, 164–65, 169, 187–88, 206–7, 214, 223
bird theme in, 145
closing scenes of, 204–14
composition of, 32
critical reviews of, 11, 23, 56, 109, 215
development of themes in, 77–79, 139–40, 143, 145–49, 154
final draft of, 31–32
Jane’s “road of trials” in, 50–51, 52, 57, 172
landscapes and moors in, 39, 83
melodrama in, 24, 58–59, 64, 78–79, 94, 106, 156, 209–10
opening chapter of, 34–37, 95
passionate love as theme in, 103, 106, 139, 201–2
publication of, 12, 32, 215
and racial difference, 160
readers of, 55, 72, 116–17, 150
secret history of, 25–26, 29, 32, 57, 72, 187, 206, 215, 216
sent to publisher, 32
sources for, see Jane Eyre, sources for
success of, 25, 109, 215
as vehicle for escape, 14, 172, 173, 177, 180, 183
writing of, 22, 29–32, 34, 45, 47, 85, 101, 146, 182
see also specific characters
Jane Eyre, sources for:
Branwell Brontë, 110–23, 211
Byronic hero, 125–26, 153
Charlotte’s correspondence, 28–29, 167–68
Charlotte’s own experiences, 13, 14, 24–29, 34–35, 43–44, 45, 52–53, 57, 60–65, 74, 80–82, 84, 96–97, 103, 104, 121, 130, 144, 149–50, 156, 175, 179, 180–83, 190, 193, 194, 200, 204, 212, 216, 223
Charlotte’s reading, 27–28, 155, 159
dreams of desire, 25, 29, 31, 187
gothic fiction, 46, 201–3, 213
Heger, 132, 133, 138–39, 140, 144, 145–46, 149, 211
imagination and fantasy, 24–25, 29, 30, 34, 35, 37, 41–42, 48, 49, 70, 71–72, 74, 104, 106, 110, 143, 159, 168–69, 178–79, 187, 194, 197, 200–203, 204, 212, 223, 230
myths and legends, 104
narrative tradition,
232
Patrick Brontë, 106–10, 133, 208–10, 212
unconscious revelations, 31, 71, 139
Zamorna, 92, 123–29, 153–54, 211
Jasper (pet pheasant), 185
Johnson, Samuel, Rasselas, 61, 65
Keeper (dog), 184, 191
Lanoff, Sue, 134
Leeds Intelligencer, 75–76
Lewes, G. E., 30
Ranthorpe, 23–25
Lewis, Matthew Gregory, The Monk, 155
Linton, Edgar (fict.), 176
Lister, Harriet, 42
Lloyd, Mr. (fict.), 50, 93
Lockwood (fict.) [narrator], 176
Lowood Institution (fict.), 57–65, 190
Cowan Bridge as model for, 53–55, 57–63, 70, 73, 79, 81, 86
Jane as student in, 53, 54, 57–60, 61–65, 69–70, 73, 79, 80, 81, 86
Jane as teacher in, 90
Jane’s escape from, 92, 172
Luddites, 106–7
Manchester, England, Charlotte in, 33–34
Marsh End/Moor House (fict.), 188–94, 196, 199, 200, 202, 213
Martin, John, 147
Martineau, Harriet, 223
Mason, Bertha (fict.), see Rochester, Bertha Mason
Mason, Richard (fict.), 163, 167
Methodist Magazine, 190
Milton, John, 28
Paradise Lost, 124–25, 126
Moore, Jane (fict.), 68, 152–53
Moreau, Gustave, 147
Mosley, Sally, 186
nature:
Bewick’s bird book, see Bewick, Thomas
“Meeting of the Waters,” 176
phenomenon of the flood, 208–10
“universal Mother”/moon, 171, 175–77, 190, 202
Newby (publisher), 12
Nicholls, Arthur Bell, 199–200, 218–21
North Lees Hall, padded cell at, 162–63
Norton Conyers, attic rooms at, 162
Nussey, Ellen, 83
on Charlotte’s artwork, 148
Charlotte’s correspondence with, 28, 37, 84–86, 93, 98, 101, 115, 116, 120, 127, 132, 135–36, 167–68, 173, 174, 179, 198–99, 217, 218, 219, 220
Charlotte’s friendship with, 66, 80, 81, 150, 176, 182, 188, 199, 200, 208, 213, 215, 233
on Charlotte’s writings, 14
Nussey, George, 83, 163
Nussey, Henry, 83, 194, 198, 200, 201
Nussey family, 82–83, 85, 150
Odysseus (myth), 50, 187
Oliver, Rosamond (fict.), 201
Peel, Sir Robert, 76, 185
Percy, Alexander (fict.), 114–15
Percy, Mary (fict.), 28, 47, 115–16, 119, 123, 153
Pilot (dog), 106
Poe, Edgar Allan, “The Fall of the House of Usher,” 46
Poole, Grace (fict.), 167
Professor, The (Charlotte Brontë), 34, 43, 99, 139–43, 159, 161–62, 218
Quashia (fict.), 42, 160–61
Radcliffe, Ann, 155
Rainbow (cat), 185
Redon, Odilon, 147
Reed, John (fict.), 32, 42–43, 44, 49, 53, 75, 90, 94, 95, 163
Reed, Mr. (fict.), 45, 47, 49, 67
Reed, Mrs. (fict), 45, 49, 53, 56, 57, 58, 64, 74, 94, 97, 134, 152, 165–66, 170
Reed family (fict.), 35, 49, 57, 90, 165
Reform Act (1832), 83
Rhymer (fict.), 112
Rivers, Diana and Mary (fict.), 27, 189–92, 193, 194, 196, 202, 213
Rivers, St. John (fict.), 25, 190, 195, 196–97, 198, 200, 201–2, 205
Rochester, Adèle (fict.), 99–101, 102, 162, 213
Rochester, Bertha Mason (fict.), 83, 121, 143, 156–60, 173, 180
attacks on Fairfax, 167, 207, 210
Charlotte’s kinship affinities to, 156, 168
death of, 207
early parallels in Charlotte’s writings, 156–58
as Fairfax’s “lunatic wife,” 122, 207, 210
haunting Thornfield, 167, 168, 170, 210
imprisonment of, 50, 122, 162, 163, 166–67, 170
kinship to Jane, 45, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170
loathsome bestiality of, 50, 119, 156, 160, 166, 180, 207
in mirror image, 165
rage of, 157, 164, 166, 167, 170, 171, 207
Rochester, Fairfax (fict.):
and Adèle, 100
and Bertha, see Rochester, Bertha Mason
Branwell Brontë as model for, 110–23, 211
Charlotte’s repressed emotions expressed via, 22–23, 24, 92, 103–6, 111, 122, 125–27, 128–29, 138, 144, 148
and “cord of communion,” 141, 143–47, 148, 149
dissipation/bestiality/sexuality of, 116–17, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 128, 167, 180, 210, 211
Giaour as source for, 125–26, 153
Heger as model for, 132, 133, 138–39, 140, 144, 145–46, 149, 211
house parties of, 83, 138, 149–54
imagined voice of, 202–3
injuries from fire, 204, 210, 211–12
Jane’s first meeting with, 78, 104–6, 114, 124, 125, 140, 144
Jane’s flight from, 39, 123, 136, 171, 172, 173, 190, 192, 194, 196, 212
Jane’s marriage to, 32, 122, 159, 170–71, 212, 213
Jane’s relationship with, 37, 84, 102, 103–4, 106, 108, 109, 111, 117, 120, 121, 122, 123, 126, 127, 129, 130, 134, 138, 140, 143–44, 148–49, 152, 153, 154, 171, 212
Jane’s return to, 204, 205–7, 210–12
kinder moods of, 50
life story of, 159–60, 163
as master of Thornfield, 102, 106, 122, 123, 125, 206
Patrick Brontë as model for, 106–10, 133, 212, 213
physical appearance of, 118, 119, 124, 125–26, 157
rages of, 107, 122, 180
as substitute for God, 171
wandering through Europe, 116–17
Zamorna as source for, 92, 123–29, 153–54, 211
“Roe Head Journal, The,” 36, 37, 90–91, 161
Roe Head school, 195
Charlotte as student in, 65–66, 73–74, 79–82
Charlotte as teacher in, 35, 40, 45, 46, 89–93, 95, 114, 123, 141, 168, 199
Charlotte’s fantasies in, 42, 78, 91
isolation of, 46, 115
“Roman Catholic Relief Act, The,” 76–77
Satan, in Paradise Lost, 124–25, 126
Scatcherd, Miss (fict.), 61, 66, 169
Scott, Walter, 35
Marmion, 28
Severn, Julia (fict.), 63
Shakespeare, William, 28
Shepheard, Rev. Henry, A Vindication of the Clergy Daughter’s School and the Rev. W. Carus Wilson, 55
Shirley (Charlotte Brontë), 190, 216, 217
Sidgwick family:
Charlotte as governess for, 43–44, 95, 98, 101, 135, 150–51, 169, 194
dominant female in, 97, 152, 169
reflected in Charlotte’s writings, 95, 97
and social class, 95–96, 150–51
violent children in, 44, 95
Smith, Elder:
Jane Eyre published by, 12, 32, 54, 57, 204, 215
Villette published by, 217
Smith, George, 13, 217, 218
Smith, Margaret, 28
Snowe, Lucy (fict.), 218
Snowflake (cat), 185
Southey, Robert, 88–89, 91, 135, 142, 173, 234
Standon, Cecilia (fict.), 157
Stonegappe, 35, 95–96, 100, 150, 159
Swift, Jonathan, Gulliver’s Travels, 50, 187
Symbolist paintings, 147–48
“Sympathies,” 189–90, 202, 205
Tabby (servant), 76, 184–85, 188, 191
Taylor, Amelia, 220
Taylor, Martha, 231
Taylor, Mary, 28, 83, 85, 108
on Charlotte’s dream, 67–68
on Charlotte’s eyesight, 40
Charlotte’s friendship with, 80–81
Taylor family, 83, 205
Temple, Miss Maria (fict.), 5
5, 63, 68–71, 105, 143, 190
Thackeray, William Makepeace:
Charlotte’s anger with, 13
Vanity Fair by, 13, 101
Thornfield Hall (fict.), 87
Bertha’s presence in, 155–60, 164, 207, 210
haunting of, 78, 79, 154, 155, 164
Jane’s flight from, 86, 172
Jane’s premonitions about, 101
Jane’s return to, 204, 205–7, 210–12
mysterious locked room in, 79, 122
Rochester as master of, 102, 106, 122, 123, 125, 206
ruins of, 204, 207, 210
sources for, 84, 85–86
Tiger (cat), 184
Townshend, Charles (fict.), 114
Trista, Juanna (fict.), 161–62, 164
truth:
in Charlotte’s telling, 53, 54–56, 57–58, 71, 141, 204, 218, 221, 223
of memory, 26, 27, 71–72, 108
reality vs. imagination, 24, 30, 204–5
Varens, Céline (fict.), 162, 180
Verdopolis (fict.), 28, 151, 153
Vernon, Caroline (fict.), 127–28, 135
Victorian era:
child abuse in, 58, 66–67
children seen as unruly animals in, 59–60, 61, 62, 63
death and dying in, 41–42, 47–48, 54, 64, 65, 68, 71, 211
gothic fiction in, 46, 47, 78–79, 155, 157, 159, 162–63, 165, 201–3, 209–10, 213
governess position in, 234
gruesome children’s stories in, 54, 64
individualism in, 35, 63
male dominance in, 44, 49, 60, 88, 101, 105–6, 109, 121, 126–27, 132, 134–35, 137, 153–54
propriety of, 23, 206
“road of trials” in, 50–51, 52, 56–57, 172
sexuality in, 109, 121, 127–29, 133
social class in, 60, 101
supernatural in, 47, 48, 50, 65, 148, 164, 165, 189
women’s roles in, 82, 88, 95, 101, 142, 144, 174, 196, 221
Villette (Charlotte Brontë), 85, 217–18
Virgil, 50
Walker, Amelia, 83–84, 151, 169
Walpole, Horace, The Castle of Otranto, 155
Weightman, William, 199, 200, 231
Wellesley, Charles (fict.), 46, 111–13, 124
Wellington, Duke of, 83, 85
White family, 98, 101, 135, 169
Wiggins, Patrick Benjamin (fict.), 112–13, 114
Williams, William S., 204, 216, 217
Wilson, Rev. William Carus, 55, 56, 58, 62, 63, 169
Child’s First Tales, 54
The Child’s Friend, 64
Wooler, Miss, 35, 42, 45, 73, 82, 92–93, 118, 169, 195, 199
Wordsworth, William, 28
Wuthering Heights (Emily Brontë), 13, 28, 139, 175, 176, 186
Zamorna (fict.), 28, 36, 42, 91–92, 123–29, 153–54, 211