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Glossary
ADC
Aide-de-camp.
Adjutant-general
Staff officer responsible for the day-to-day administration of an army, including appointments, correspondence and discipline.
Badmash
Indian term for a rogue or ruffian (literally ‘naughty one’).
Bagh
Indian term for a pleasure garden or palace complex.
Bheesti
Indian water carrier.
Brigade major
A brigade commander’s staff officer. Confusingly, often a captain.
Cantonment
Quarter, often fortified, for British soldiers in India.
Company rank
Ensign, lieutenant and captain.
Corps d’armée
Several divisions united under the command of one general, but still only a portion of a larger army.
Dhooly
A light palanquin used in India for transporting the sick, injured or bone idle.
Echelon
Troop formation in which each unit is positioned successively to the left or right of the foremost unit to form an oblique or step-like line.
Field rank
Major, lieutenant-colonel and colonel.
Gabion
A large cylindrical wicker container filled with earth to provide cover from enemy fire.
Glacis
A slope of earth inclined towards the top of a defensive structure, allowing a garrison to keep assailants under fire from the parapet without adjusting the elevation of their artillery. It also shielded the walls from enemy cannon.
Horse Guards
The offices of the commander-in-chief, officially known as ‘Staff at Headquarters’.
Lakh
The Indian term for 100,000.
Open column
Companies in a column separated by large gaps to aid manoeuvrability.
Nujeeb
Native Indian soldiers loyal to a native rajah or landowner.
Pandy or Jack Pandey
British slang for sepoy, or native Indian soldiers.
Picket
Small group of men used as a guard on the outskirts of camp.
Sepoy
Native Indian soldiers in the pay of the East India Company.
Sirkar
Supreme authority in India, specifically the East India Company.
Sowar
Native Indian trooper.
Subedar
Middle commissioned rank for a native Indian soldier, senior to Indian NCOs but junior to British commissioned officers.
Talookdar
Holder of a talook, or collection of villages. Junior Indian feudal lord.
Tulwar
Curved Sikh sabre.
Vakeel
Indian lawyer, agent or major-domo.
Zemindar
Indian landowner.
Plates
1 Trongate, Glasgow. (Courtesy of Mulberry Bank Auctions. Lot 622 from their sale on 10 March 2012)
2 Sir John Moore. (Courtesy of The Royal Green Jackets (Rifles) Museum)
3 The Battle of Vimeiro from James Jenkins’ Martial Achievements of Great Britain.
4 San Sebastian. Watercolour by John Varley from a sketch made on 31 August 1813. (Courtesy of Sworders. Lot 590 from their sale on 24 April 2012)
5 ‘The Siege of San Sebastian’, from James Jenkins’ Martial Achievements of Great Britain.
6 ‘The Storming of San Sebastian’, from James Jenkins’ Martial Achievements of Great Britain.
7 Charles Napier, with beard trimmed for the occasion. Oil painting attributed to Samuel Smart. (Courtesy of Tennants Auctioneers. Lot 876 from their sale on 21 November 2008)
8 ‘Crossing the line’, from John Mitford’s The Adventures of Johnny Newcome in the Navy.
9 Hugh Gough. (Courtesy of Halls Fine Art, Lot 329 in sale of 7907)
10 Henry Lawrence. (Courtesy of Mullocks Auctioneers, Lot 516 in their sale on 2 September 2014)
11 ‘Mooltan’, from James Dunlop’s Mooltan, during and after the Siege.
12 The 93rd at the Battle of the Alma. Watercolour by Orlando Norie. (Courtesy of Dix Noonan Webb Ltd. Lot 293 from their sale on 16 September 2010)
13 Lord Raglan. (Courtesy of the Army and Navy Club)
14 ‘The Thin Red Line’ by Robert Gibb. (Courtesy of Diageo)
15 ‘Charge of the Heavy Brigade’, from William Simpson’s The Seat of War in the East. (Courtesy of the Library of Congress)
16 ‘The road through Kadikoi’, from William Simpson’s The Seat of War in the East. (Courtesy of the Library of Congress)
17 ‘Highland Brigade Camp’, from William Simpson’s The Seat of War in the East. (Courtesy of the Library of Congress)
18 ‘A hot day in the Batteries’, from William Simpson’s The Seat of War in the East. (Courtesy of the
Library of Congress)
19 Officers of the 71st Highlanders. Photograph by R. Fenton. (Courtesy of the Library of Congress)
20 General Sir James Simpson. Photograph by R. Fenton. (Courtesy of the Library of Congress)
21 ‘Sebastopol’, from George Dodd’s Pictorial History of the Russian War.
22 Charles Canning. Oil portrait by unknown artist c. 1853. (Courtesy of the University of Aberdeen Museums)
23 Sir James Outram. (Courtesy of the East India, Devonshire, Sports and Public Schools Club)
24 ‘The Alumbagh’, from C.H. Mecham’s Sketches and Incidents of the Siege of Lucknow.
25 ‘Advance of the Siege Train’, from G.F. Atkinson’s The Campaign in India.
26 ‘The Residency billiard room’, from C.H. Mecham’s Sketches and Incidents of the Siege of Lucknow.
27 ‘The Bailey Guard Gate’, from C.H. Mecham’s Sketches and Incidents of the Siege of Lucknow.
28 ‘The Residency, Lucknow’, from C.H. Mecham’s Sketches and Incidents of the Siege of Lucknow. The semaphore apparatus on the tower is clearly visible.
29 ‘The Relief of Lucknow’. Hand-coloured engraving after Thomas Barker. Campbell is in the centre shaking hands with Havelock.
30 Asfi Mosque, Lucknow. Part of the Great Imambarra. Aquatint by I. Hill after Henry Salt. (Courtesy of Bonhams Lot 93 from Sale 21102)
31 Sir Henry Havelock, Jnr, VC. (Vanity Fair)
32 ‘View of Lucknow from the Residency’ showing the banqueting hall, from Simpson and Kaye’s India, Ancient and Modern.
33 Robert Napier, from George Allgood’s China War 1860.
34 Colin Campbell in old age. (Courtesy of the Staffordshire Regiment Museum)
35 ‘Investiture of the Star of India’, from Simpson and Kaye’s India, Ancient and Modern.
36 ‘Madras Fusiliers’, from H.C. Wylly’s Neill’s Blue Caps.
37 Victorian Staffordshire pottery figures of Campbell and Havelock. (Courtesy of Bearnes, Hampton & Littlewood. Lot 58 from their sale on 24 April 2012)
38 The Cawnpore Memorial and Well. Photograph c. 1890. (Courtesy of Bonhams. Lot 224 from Sale 16200)
All maps © Adrian Greenwood, 2015
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