Clarges, Sir Thomas, 117
Clarke, George, 183
Clavering, Jacky, 198
Clerk, Sir John, 295, 545
Clifton, Mrs (manto maker), 242
Cobwell, Mr (perfumer), 243
Cockpit, Whitehall, 44, 115, 119, 132, 214, 218, 296
coffee houses, 198
Commons, House of: Tory strength in, 194, 208, 249; favours bill to outlaw Occasional Conformity, 249; denies perpetual pension to Marlborough, 250; debates Union with Scotland, 316; disorder in Harley’s absence, 443; see also Parliament
Compton, Henry, Bishop of London: as Anne’s spiritual preceptor, 20–1; safeguards Anne against Catholic influence, 28, 39; marries Anne and George, 43; criticises James II in Lords, 61; dismissed from Privy Council, 62; defends Sharp, 65; suspended from ecclesiastical duties, 65; invites William of Orange to England, 90–1, 95; disbelieves identity of baby James Francis Edward, 94; in London during William’s invasion, 98, 100; leaves London with Anne, 100–2; preaches at accession of William and Mary, 110
Congreve, William, 433
Conventicle Act (1664), 19
Cooper, Mrs (St James’s Palace lodger), 454
Cornbury, Edward Hyde, Viscount see Clarendon, 3rd Earl of
Cornwallis, Mary, 39, 48
Cousein, Mr (stay-maker), 243
Cowper, Dame Sarah, 177
Cowper, William, 1st Earl: appointed Lord Keeper, 285–7, 307; and Anne’s protection of Church, 288; speech on treaty of Union with Scotland, 297; demands reinstatement of Marlborough, 341; advises against Marlborough’s lifetime appointment as Captain-General, 377; as Lord Chancellor, 378; and peace proposals to France, 384, 478; intercedes with Anne for Marlborough, 396; and proposed dismissal of Abigail, 398; Harley hopes to retain, 418–19; declines post under Harley, 423; resigns (1710), 424; and Sarah’s criticisms of Anne, 436, 542; Anne consults over political appointments, 438; Hamilton acts as intermediary for, 442; and Anne’s reluctance to make new peers, 463; on Pretender’s supposed conversion, 492; on Treaty of Utrecht, 495
Crisp, Mrs (Carmarthen’s mistress), 447
Cromarty, George Mackenzie, 1st Earl of, 232
Cromwell, Oliver, 2–3
Crowne, Thomas: Calisto, or The Chaste Nymph, 23–4
Dahl, Michael, 233
Daily Courant, The, 194, 457, 461
Dalrymple, John see Stair, 1st Earl of
Danby, Thomas Osborne, 1st Earl of, 87
Danube, river: Marlborough’s march on, 219, 270
Danvers, Beata, 102, 323, 526
Danvers, Bella, 381
Darien Company, 211
Dartmouth, William Legge, 1st Earl of: on Prince George, 45; declines posting to Hanover, 210; on advice from Lords of the Committee, 218; on Abigail’s manners, 323; replaces Sunderland as Secretary of State, 414; reports Godolphin’s poverty, 421; and Marlborough’s submission to Anne, 434; on Guiscard’s assassination attempt, 440; and prosecution of Dundas, 448; signs compact with France outlining peace treaty, 453; and Anne’s creation of twelve new peers, 465; Oxford requests to take over all correspondence with France, 481–2; dislikes Abigail, 484; Bolingbroke bullies, 485; and Anne’s preferment of Atterbury, 496; appointed Lord Privy Seal, 498
Dawes, William, Archbishop of York (earlier Bishop of Chester), 319–20, 330, 511, 514
Dawson, Margaret, 84–5, 92
Declaration of Indulgence (James II’s, 1687), 75–6, 88, 90
Declaration of Reasons for Appearing in Arms in the Kingdom of England, 97
Defoe, Daniel, 193, 198, 208, 237, 313, 315, 432, 447, 471, 542
Delauney, Henry, 17
Delaware, John West, 1st Earl, 500
Denbigh, Hester, Countess of, 22
Denmark: Prince George revisits, 74, 78–9
Devon, Philip, 223
Devonshire, William Cavendish, 1st Duke (earlier 4th Earl) of, 101, 115, 201, 207, 217, 336, 341, 350, 423
dissenters (nonconformists); treatment of, 19–20; James II seeks alliance with, 75; Church of England’s hostility to, 76, 189, 197–8, 208, 245; in public office, 197; Anne’s attitude to, 200, 248, 438, 541; wariness of Anne, 200; Sacheverell attacks, 393; persecuted during Sacheverell trial, 403; Whigs betray, 460; and Schism Bill, 517–18; see also Occasional Conformity
Dorset, Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of, 100–1, 110
Dorset, Lionel Cranfield Sackville, 1st Duke of, 493
Dryden, John: All for Love, 229
Ducaila, Mrs (Anne’s tirewoman), 188
Dundas (Edinburgh lawyer), 448–9
Dunkirk, 343, 450, 477, 479, 543
Dutch, the see Holland
Dykvelt, Everard van Weede van, 75–6
East India Company: loans to government, 196
Eland, William Savile, Lord, 117
elections (Parliamentary): (1702), 248; (1705), 193, 280–1; (1708), 351; (1710), 193–4, 425; (1713), 498
Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 179–81, 538
Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, 34, 165
England: declares war on Louis XIV (1689), 112; in War of Spanish Succession, 167–8, 174, 177; proposed Union with Scotland, 213–14, 256, 283–4, 296; hurricane in south (26 November 1703), 261; Union with Scotland ratified, 315–16; rise to power, 537; see also Britain
Erroll, Charles Hay, 13th Earl of, 343
Essex, Algernon Capel, 2nd Earl of, 395
Essex, Arthur Capel, 1st Earl of, 43
Etherege, Sir George: The Man of Mode, 18
Eugene, Prince of Savoy: movements in War of Spanish Succession, 217; joins allies against France, 261; Marlborough’s forces join up with, 271; and threat to Turin, 299; Anne proposes for command in Spain, 336; vetoes proposal for Philip to renounce throne, 418; visits England, 467, 469, 471; proposes final assault to Ormonde, 475; and siege of Quesnoy, 477; and rejection of peace proposals, 479; loses Landrecies to Villars, 480
Evans, Evan and William, 223
Evelyn, John, 43, 113, 119, 151, 169, 172, 249
Examiner, The (newspaper), 198, 432, 442, 454, 458
Exclusion Crisis, 31–3, 35, 189
Falaiseau, Pierre de, 289, 292
Farquhar, George: The Recruiting Officer, 487
Farthing, Margery, 8
Faults on Both Sides (tract), 424
Ferriol, Claudine de, 481
Feversham, General Louis de Duras, 1st Earl of, 98
Finch, Anne, 54
Fitzharding, Barbara, Lady (earlier Berkeley), 58–9, 69, 100, 116, 127, 131, 138, 148, 351
Flanders: Marlborough’s campaign in, 258
Flying Post, The (Whig newspaper), 476
Forbin, Claude, Comte de, 345
Forfar, Archibald Douglas, 1st Earl of, 282
Fox, Sir Stephen, 240
Frampton, Tregonwell, 236, 446
France: war with Holland, 15, 27, 122, 128, 147; Protestants persecuted, 64; supports James II in Ireland, 112; in War of Spanish Succession, 167–8, 177, 203; attacks on British shipping, 185–6; Blenheim defeat, 271; peace proposals rejected, 284, 299–300, 383–4, 409; failed invasion of Scotland with Pretender, 343–5; near-bankruptcy from war, 376, 383; harsh winter (1708–9), 383; losses at Malplaquet, 387; peace talks at Geertrudenberg, 418–19; peace negotiations (1711–13), 430, 444, 450–3, 456, 485, 488, 538–9; at Utrecht peace conference, 470, 477–9, 493, 538; succession to throne, 472–4; and Anne’s Restraining Order to Ormonde, 474; Bolingbroke’s mission to, 480–1; recovers lost towns, 480; signs Peace of Utrecht, 493–4; commercial treaty with Britain, 498; rumoured preparation of invasion fleet, 502; Abigail Masham’s supposed influence in, 543
Fraser, Simon, Master of Lovat, 265, 269
Frederick I, King of Prussia, 218
Frederick IV, King of Denmark, 372
Frescheville of Staveley, Anne Charlotte de Vic, Lady, 66, 68
Gallas, Jonathan, Count, 416, 457
Galway, Henri de Massue, 1st Earl of, 299, 334
Gardiner, Lady, 180, 183,
246
Gaultier, Abbé, 428–30, 444–5, 449–51, 461, 471–3, 490–1, 506, 508, 543
Geertrudenberg: peace negotiations (1710), 418, 428, 444
George I, King (earlier George Ludwig, Elector of Hanover): suggested marriage to Anne, 5, 34, 36, 210; in line of succession to English throne, 165, 513; awarded Garter, 209, 293; and English negotiations with Sophia, 289, 292–3; and Harley’s change of government, 426; told of peace negotiations, 456; opposes peace proposals, 461, 489; declines Marlborough’s call to invade England, 490, 541; divorces wife, 492; believes Anne scheming to disinherit, 505; Bolingbroke’s pessimism over reign, 507, 509; requests writ to attend British Parliament, 512–13; Anne admonishes for demands, 515; Anne reassures of support as successor, 523–4; accession on Anne’s death, 529–30; travels to England, 531; ill-disposed towards Oxford and Bolingbroke, 534; pardons Bolingbroke, 535
George II, King (earlier George August, Prince of Hanover), 170, 210, 359, 498–9, 512, 515; accession, 533
George, Prince of Denmark: courtship and marriage to Anne, 37, 40–4; happy marriage relations, 37, 44, 51, 183, 363, 546; background, 40; income, 40; Lutheranism, 40, 42; antipathy to France, 42; character and appearance, 43, 45–6; eating and drinking, 45, 228; denied serious appointment, 46; suffers giddiness in head, 57; membership of Privy Council, 58, 112; and Anne’s childbearing, 59; visits Tunbridge Wells, 59, 69; debts, 61; and Anne as possible successor to James II, 62; smallpox and after-effects, 72, 74, 79; and death of daughters, 73; visits to Denmark, 74, 78–9; and dismissal of Scarsdale, 82; and plan to bring William of Orange to England, 95, 367; accompanies James during William’s invasion, 98–9; declines command in William’s invasion, 98; defects to William, 99–100, 103; reunited with Anne in Oxford, 102; questions William’s assumption of power, 109; in Greenwich, 110; naturalised as English subject and given titles, 112; William’s contempt for, 113; financial problems, 115, 117, 123, 160; accompanies William on campaign in Ireland, 120; forbidden to serve in Navy, 122–3; reliance on Godolphin, 126; and Marlborough’s disloyalty to William, 130; supports Anne in breach with Mary and William, 133–4; visits Bath, 139–40, 259–60; supports Place Bill, 142; concern for son William, 143; follows Marlborough’s voting practice, 147; and Anne’s failed pregnancy, 159; receives financial compensation, 160; and death of son William, 163; visits dying King William, 171; as principal mourner at William’s funeral, 173; position as Anne’s consort, 181–2, 211; Anne influences in matters of state, 182–3, 248; military and naval ranks and responsibilities, 183–6, 217; ill-health, 184–5; attends Cabinet meetings, 186, 217; death, 186, 546; as moderating influence on Anne, 186–7; at Anne’s Coronation banquet, 188; birthday celebrated, 229; commissions portraits of admirals, 233; portrait, 234; at Windsor, 235; asthma attacks, 246–7, 259, 294; votes for bill outlawing Occasional Conformity, 248; denied financial settlement by Whigs, 250–1; opposes 1703 Occasional Conformity bill, 262; meets Charles III of Spain, 263; pleads for retention of Buckingham, 279; and George Churchill’s position on naval council, 320, 333; takes Jack Hill as page and Groom of Bedchamber, 321–2; Arbuthnot treats, 326; at Newmarket, 332; retains George Churchill in naval council, 335; on Marlborough’s detachment from Godolphin, 339; persuades Anne to abandon Harley’s proposals, 341; Anne seeks advice from, 350; not told of Sarah Marlborough’s unkindness to Anne, 352; supports George Churchill against Whig attacks, 366; final illness, death and funeral, 369–72
George Ludwig, Elector of Hanover see George I, King
Ghent, 357, 376, 479
Gibbons, Grinling, 234, 237
Gibbons, Dr William, 150, 162
Gibraltar: Rooke captures, 273; Britain demands in 1711 peace negotiations, 450, 452, 478; Britain gains, 494
Gibson, Richard, 18
Gloucester, Prince William, Duke of (Anne’s son): dancing lessons, 17, 144; education and upbringing, 20, 142, 144, 162; birth, 113; childhood ill-health and hydrocephalus, 121, 143–5, 148, 161; punished for incapacity, 143; character and manner, 145; on aunt Mary’s death, 149; honorary knighthood, 153; as potential successor to throne, 153; household and allowance, 157, 321; eleventh birthday, 161; final illness and death, 162–4, 192, 215, 234
Godolphin, Lady Harriet see Rialton, Henrietta, Viscountess
Godolphin, Sidney, 1st Earl: relations with Marlboroughs, 125; serves Anne and George, 125–6, 134; and Anne’s estrangement from William and Mary, 149; and succession question, 166; and mourning for James II, 169; links with Saint-Germain court, 171; partnership with Marlborough, 174, 201, 263; as Privy Councillor, 174; on Anne’s speech to Parliament, 176; and George’s military position, 184; and George’s influence on Anne, 186; as Lord Treasurer under Anne, 201–3; Harley liaises with, 205–7; and Anne’s first government, 208; supports Anne in public duties, 216–17, 220; Anne breaks with, 216, 244; and Rivers’ expedition to Spain, 219; influence in foreign relations, 220–1; sells Windsor property to Anne, 235; negotiates with Henry Wise for Anne, 236; Anne views as friend, 237, 369; attachment to Sarah Marlborough, 244, 411–12; with Anne on visit to Bath, 247; and Occasional Conformity bills, 248, 262; and Sarah’s reaction to husband’s dukedom, 249; and Scots policy, 257, 264, 270, 283, 298; and Nottingham’s protest and resignation, 266–7; rebukes Sarah Marlborough for behaviour towards Anne, 267–8, 272–3; frustrated attempts to reach deal with Whigs, 269, 367; and Marlborough’s military strategy, 270; Anne confesses estrangement from Sarah, 275; and tacked Land Tax Bill, 276; in Lords debate on Act of Security, 277; and removal of Buckingham from office, 279; and Sarah’s interference in building of Blenheim Palace, 279; concessions to Whigs, 281, 285, 300, 302, 308–9, 311, 330–1; has Sunderland posted to Vienna as ambassador, 281; and Argyll’s appointments in Scotland, 282–3; rejects French peace proposals (1705), 284; and Cowper’s appointment as Lord Keeper, 285–6; on Tory move to bring Sophia of Hanover to England, 290; proposes Sunderland for Secretary of State, 301–2, 306, 310–11, 318; and Anne’s breach with Sarah Marlborough, 304–7, 351; suspicion of Harley’s influence on Anne, 311; and ecclesiastical preferments, 318, 320; accuses Harley of influencing Anne, 321; Sarah warns against Abigail Masham, 328; offers to resign, 330–1, 340; dismay at loss of Shovell, 334; and Harley’s proposals for new ministry, 335–7, 418; turns against Harley for disloyalty, 337–8; abandoned by Marlborough, 338–9; and Harley’s dismissal, 342; and planned Jacobite invasion (1708), 344; and Anne’s opposition to promoting Whigs, 349–51; and proposed promotion of Somers, 350; Anne refuses advice, 352; denies Marlborough’s plan to bring Hanover member to England, 359; Harley criticises, 368; and Prince George’s health decline, 370; on Anne at husband’s death, 373; difficult relations with Somers, 376–7; Whigs fail to support, 376; and peace proposals to France (1709), 384–5; Sarah shows accusatory dossier to Anne, 391; and proposed appointment of Orford to Lord High Admiral, 392; and impeachment of Sacheverell, 394; and Anne’s appointment of Rivers and Jack Hill, 396; and Marlborough’s dispute with Anne, 396–7; draws up response for Anne praising Marlborough, 400; opposes Shrewsbury’s appointment, 409; Anne trusts and values, 411; feels threatened by Harley, 411; strained relations with Sarah, 411–12; and Sunderland’s dismissal, 414–15; Harley seeks dismissal, 419; Anne dismisses, 420–1, 523; offends Anne, 420; death, 421; pension unpaid, 421; threatened with Parliamentary impeachment, 438; opposes 1711 peace proposals, 462; and Anne’s self-deprecation, 546
Gordon, Elizabeth, Duchess of, 448–9
Gory (dancing master), 17
Grafton, Charles Fitzroy, 2nd Duke of, 493
Grafton, Henry Fitzroy, 1st Duke of, 95, 99
Gramont, Philibert, Comte de, 54
Grand Alliance, 168, 195, 209, 221; Treaty of (1701), 168, 456, 494
Greg, William, 337, 341
Griffin, Edward, Lord, 345–6
Grimaldi, Nicolini, 229
Grote, Heinrich, Baron de, 490
Gueche, Mr: treats Anne for eye problem, 389
Guilford, William North, 6th Baron
, 505
Guiscard, Louis, Marquis de, 439
Halifax, Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of: and Anne’s affinity with Elizabeth I, 180; Tories impeach, 192; in Junto, 194, 301; removed from Privy Council, 207; visits Hanover, 293; and Sunderland’s appointment as Secretary of State, 301; insists on Junto appointments to office, 367; Marlborough blocks appointment as peace negotiator, 408; resists Harley’s proposals, 419; Harley maintains contact with, 438, 458; protests at peace proposals, 470; on Pretender’s move to Lorraine, 490, 495
Halifax, George Savile, 1st Marquis of, 38, 181
Hamilton, Sir David: as physician-in-ordinary to Anne, 180, 412, 441; and Anne’s not pardoning Noble, 223; and Anne’s religious observance, 232; and appointment of Cowper, 286; and Shrewsbury’s appointment, 410; advises against agitating Anne, 411; Whiggism, 411, 442; and Anne’s attempt to separate Godolphin from Sarah, 412; and Anne’s reluctance to dissolve Parliament, 415; as go-between for Anne in dealings with Sarah, 416–17, 432–6; on popular belief in Anne’s support for Pretender, 425; and Marlborough’s blocking promotions, 431; salary in arrears, 446; on Anne’s retaining Duchess of Somerset, 469; and Anne’s defence of peace terms, 478–9; on Anne’s meticulousness in conduct of business, 483; on Abigail’s effect on Anne, 484; Anne complains to of Elector George Ludwig, 489; on Pretender’s rumoured conversion, 492; on Cowper’s objection to Peace of Utrecht wording, 495; on unpaid debts to poor, 497; and Parliamentary objection to terms of Utrecht Treaty, 498; and Anne’s reluctance to invite Electoral family member to England, 512; and Anne’s lacking confidence in ministers, 523; acts as Anne’s emissary to George Ludwig, 524; and Oxford’s dismissal, 524; on Anne’s stress and final illness, 526; on Duchess of Somerset’s attention to dying Anne, 528; on Anne’s reputation, 538; and Anne’s commitment to Protestantism, 540; on favourites’ influence on Anne, 543
Hamilton, James Douglas, 4th Duke of, 213, 265, 283, 313–14, 346, 463–4, 485–6
Hampden, Richard, 422, 475
Queen Anne: The Politics of Passion Page 86
