Oxford University: and James II’s Catholic measures, 76, 81
Pack, Mrs (wet nurse), 113, 145
Packington, Sir John, 262
Parke, Colonel Dan, 271
Parliament: relations with James II, 61–2, 73, 79; and James’s attempt to repeal Test Acts, 81; Convention (1689), 105, 108–9, 189; debates William’s accession and succession to James, 108–10; and Anne’s allowance, 116–18; William dissolves (1701), 169; Anne addresses, 174–5, 212; and Triennial Act, 193; Anne opens (1702), 248; meets (October 1705), 288; grants pension to Marlborough and family in perpetuity, 312; opened by commission in Anne’s absence (1708), 374; impeaches Sacheverell, 394, 401–3; proposed address demanding dismissal of Abigail, 397–9; dissolved under Harley (1710), 422–4; convenes (November 1710), 438; votes against 1711 peace proposals, 460–2; debates peace terms (1712–13), 478, 488; 1713 session postponed, 488–9, 495; debates Utrecht Treaty, 498; opposition to reinstating Pretender, 504; demands expulsion of Pretender from Lorraine, 510; Oxford and Bolingbroke fail to control, 510; Anne’s final proroguing, 521; see also Commons, House of; elections; Lords, House of
Paulet (Poulett), Countess, 437
Paulet (Poulett), John, 1st Earl, 421
Pedro II, King of Portugal, 220, 257
Pelletier, Thomas, 233
Pembroke, Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of, 207, 349, 373, 377, 392
Pepys, Samuel, 1, 6–8, 10, 24
Perceval, Sir John, 531
Peterborough, Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of, 284, 299, 497
Philip II, King of Spain, 182
Philip V, King of Spain (earlier Duke of Anjou): succeeds to throne, 166–8; and French peace offers, 299, 418; refuses to renounce Spanish throne, 383–4; and 1711 peace proposals, 460; in line of succession to French throne, 472–4; proposal to give up Spanish or French throne, 473–4, 477; renounces claim to French throne, 477–8, 481, 486, 493; refuses to recognise Catalan privileges, 494, 510
Philips, Katherine, 55
Pitt, William, the Elder (1st Earl of Chatham), 493
Place Bill (1692), 142
Plessen, Christian von, 502
Pollexfen, Henry, 181
Portland, William Bentinck, 1st Earl of, 139, 154, 238, 241
Portsmouth, Louise de Keroualle, Duchess of, 24, 115
Portugal: and Peace of Utrecht, 493–4
Potter, John (later Bishop of Oxford; then Archbishop of Canterbury), 319, 327, 336
Poultney, Lady, 69
Pratt, Samuel, 145
Presbyterians: wariness of Union with England, 313
Pretender, the see James Francis Edward Stuart, Prince of Wales
Prior, Matthew, 450–1, 481
Privy Council, 215–16; powers at Anne’s death, 528–9
Protestantism: and religious differences, 19–20; persecuted in France, 64; and succession to throne, 164, 540; French refugees in Britain, 383; see also Church of England; dissenters
Pye, Lady, 173
Quebec, 443, 456
Queen Anne’s bounty, 263
Queensberry, James Douglas, 2nd Duke of, 213, 256–7, 265, 269, 282–3, 295, 312–15
Quesnoy, siege of (1712), 477
Radcliffe, Dr John, 139, 144, 146, 148, 150, 162, 441–2, 528
Rainsford, Anne, 390
Ramillies, Battle of (1706), 298–9
Read, William, 12
Regency Bill (1705), 291, 293
republicanism: as threat to William and Mary, 119
Restraining Order (to Ormonde), 474–5, 544
Review (journal), 205
Rialton, Francis Godolphin, Viscount (later 2nd Earl of Godolphin), 236
Rialton, Henrietta, Viscountess (née Churchill; later Duchess of Marlborough), 158, 239, 433, 436
Richardson, Mrs (midwife), 150
Richmond, Anne, Duchess of, 30
Richmond-upon-Thames, 74–5
Right, Claim of (Scotland), 174
Rights, Declaration (and Bill) of (1689), 110, 164, 190
Rivers, General Richard Savage, 4th Earl, 219–20, 395, 426, 456
Robethon, John, 453
Robinson, John, Bishop of London, 475, 528
Roche sur Yon, Prince de la, 40
Rochester, Henrietta, Countess of, 60
Rochester, Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of: earldom, 10; kinship with Anne, 10; insists on Anne appointing Lady Clarendon as First Lady of Bedchamber, 47; and appointment of Sarah Churchill to Anne’s household, 49; as Lord Treasurer, 58; and Anne’s debts, 60; loses position, 73; as non-supporter of war, 202–3; influence, 207; political aims, 208; on ministerial responsibility, 219; opposes Occasional Conformity, 248, 274; resigns, 252; suspected of intrigue with Buckingham, 279; in debate on condition of Church, 294; in debate on Union with Scotland, 316; Anne disfavours, 336; criticises Marlborough’s conduct of war, 336; supports Anne in resisting dismissal of Abigail, 399; weeps at Sacheverell’s speech, 403; Harley appoints to government post, 422–3; and North American imperial ambitions, 443; death, 446
Rooke, Admiral Sir George, 273–4
Royal Navy: Prince George’s rank and interest in, 185–6, 367; war operations, 196, 334; Whig attacks on, 335, 366–7
Rupert, Prince of the Rhine, 34, 36–7
Russell, Edward see Orford, Earl of
Russell, Lady Rachel, 54, 72, 113, 161
Russell, William, Lord, 43
Ryswick, Treaty of (1697), 154, 494
Sacheverell, Henry: sermon and trial, 239, 393–4, 401–5, 424; Anne declines preferment, 496
St Albans, 125, 138, 146, 164
St Amand, James (‘Berry’), 166, 171
St James’s Palace, 30, 152, 156, 232, 454
St James’s Park, 237
St John, Henry see Bolingbroke, 1st Viscount
St Paul’s Cathedral, 249, 294
Santlow, Hester, 229
Saunière de l’Hermitage, René de see l’Hermitage, René Saunière de
Savoy, Eugene, Prince of see Eugene
Savoy, Henrietta Anne, Duchess of, 164, 473
Savoy, Victor Amadeus, Duke of, 473, 481
Scarborough, Sir Charles, 86, 146
Scarsdale, Robert Leslie, 3rd Earl of, 82, 95
Schism Act (1714), 180, 517–18, 541
Schutz, Georg von, 211, 289, 503, 505, 512, 513
Scotland: James II suspends Test Act in, 75; episcopy abolished, 118; Anne takes Coronation oath, 174; differences with England over succession, 211–12, 256–7, 266, 269, 283; proposed Union with England, 212–14, 256, 283–4, 296; Sarah Marlborough’s concern for, 256–7; and Act of Security, 257, 269–70, 277, 314; supposed Jacobite plot (1704), 264–6, 269; Anne hopes to settle crown on Sophia of Hanover, 269; commissioners negotiate treaty of Union, 296–7; malt tax, 297; representation in Westminster Parliament, 297; terms of treaty of Union, 297–8, 312; popular aversion to Union, 313–14, 317, 344; Parliament votes on Union, 314–15; supposed bribery payments over Union, 315; Union treaty ratified, 315–16; and payment of ‘Equivalent’, 317; Privy Council abolished, 338; Pretender attempts invasion with French (1708), 343–5; treason laws altered, 346; demands dissolution of Union, 497
scrofula: touching for, 226–8
Seafield, James Ogilvy, 1st Earl of, 264, 283
Security, Acts of (Scotland): (1703), 257, 269–70, 277; (1706), 314
Settlement, Act of (1701), 165–6, 192, 251, 492, 495, 505–6
Seven Bishops: trial (1688), 88, 90
Seymour, Sir Edward, 198, 207, 266, 271
Shadwell, Dr Sir John, 443, 501, 526
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of, 15, 31, 33
Shaftesbury, Margaret, Countess of, 54
Sharp, John, Archbishop of York: attacks Catholics, 65; Coronation sermon, 180, 188, 193, 224; takes abjuration oath, 201; and Anne’s Church preferments, 224–6, 334; as Queen’s almoner, 224–5; and Anne’s touching for scrofula, 227; and Anne’s devoutness, 232; and Anne’s support for Occasional Conformity bill,
248; preaches after great storm, 261; and Anne’s opposition to inviting Sophia to England, 289; and Anne’s resistance to Whigs, 334; and Anne’s relations with Abigail, 363; and Anne’s grief at George’s death, 372; death, 511; and Anne’s commitment to Protestant Succession, 540
Shrewsbury, Charles Talbot, 12th Earl (later Duke) of: and Anne’s allowance, 117; visits Anne socially, 141; protests at William’s government appointments, 191–2; declines appointment as Master of Horse, 207; sends Italian architect to design new Whitehall palace, 233; Anne appoints to government, 408–10; alliance with Harley, 417; accepts dismissal of Godolphin, 419; dispute with Godolphin, 420; Gaultier reports on, 428–30; on security after Guiscard’s knife attack, 440; and peace negotiations with France (1711), 444–5, 451–2; silence in debate on 1711 peace proposals, 462; as ambassador to France, 488; chides Oxford for unpunctuality, 500; proposes proclamation against Pretender, 518; appointed Lord Treasurer, 527
Sinzendorf, Philipp Ludwig, Count, 487
Sion House: Anne leases and occupies, 132–5, 138
slave trade, 450, 520, 539
Sloane, Dr Hans, 443
Smallridge, Professor George (later Bishop of Bristol), 319, 327
Solesmes, 475
Somers, John, Baron: and Anne’s allowance, 117; Tories impeach, 192; in Whig Junto, 194; removed from Privy Council, 207; dismissed from Commission of Peace, 208; on Union with Scotland, 277; and ecclesiastical preferments, 318–20, 336; Harley disparages, 321; on war in Spain, 337; Anne opposes promotion, 349–51, 367; appointed Lord President, 373, 376–7; difficult relations with Godolphin, 376–7; gains favour with Anne, 376, 380; intercedes with Anne for Marlborough, 396–7; and proposed dismissal of Abigail, 398; mistrusts Godolphin and Marlborough, 408; and appointment of Dartmouth as Secretary of State, 414; and Sunderland’s dismissal, 415; negotiates with Harley, 418; and French withdrawal from Geertrudenberg peace talks, 419; disillusion with Harley, 422; Anne dismisses but maintains esteem for, 423; Anne consults over political appointments, 438; and peace negotiations (1711), 458
Somerset, Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of: appointed Master of Horse, 207; as commissioner for Union negotiations with Scotland, 214; and Anne’s ecclesiastical appointments, 336; objects to Harley, 341; supports Anne against Marlborough, 398; offers to escort Anne home, 403; differences with Anne, 404–5; arrogance, 405, 411; cooperates with Harley, 410–11, 417, 458; claims authority over Commons, 422; retains office in 1719 government, 424; opposes peace settlement, 458, 462; reads Bothmer’s memorial, 461; threatened with dismissal, 463, 469; and proposed award to Hamilton, 464; serves on Privy Council at Anne’s death, 528; proposes to Sarah Marlborough, 536
Somerset, Elizabeth, Duchess of: as Lady of Bedchamber, 239; and Anne’s estrangement from Sarah, 351, 380; as Anne’s confidante, 380, 442; replaces Sarah as Groom of Stole, 437, 463; shows Bothmer’s memorial to Anne, 461; Anne’s fondness for, 463–4, 484; Swift attacks, 463–4; retained in office, 469; and Abigail’s influence on Anne, 484; Oxford seeks help from, 517; attends dying Anne, 528; benefits from Anne’s death, 530; as chief mourner at Anne’s funeral, 531
Sophia, Electress of Hanover: and succession to English throne, 5, 34, 36, 45, 165–6, 177, 182, 209, 291; and English women’s politicisation, 199; letter of friendship from Anne, 209; on Tory ascendancy in England, 209; Anne fails to make financial aid to, 210, 490; Anne opposes settling in England, 210, 288–90, 292–3, 359; Nottingham’s mission to, 210–11; status, 211; Anne attempts to settle Scottish crown on, 269; on award of English honours, 293; on Harley’s change of government, 427; criticises Anne’s gift to grandson’s daughter, 448; and Anne’s withholding of pay for Hanoverian troops, 489; on effects of Treaty of Utrecht, 494; Oxford offers Civil List pension to, 510; on grandson’s not receiving invitation to attend British Parliament, 512; death, 515; letter from Anne objecting to demands to settle Hanoverian in England, 515; shocked by Marlborough’s view of Anne, 542
Sophia Dorothea of Celle, 36–7
South Sea Bill and Act (1711), 445–6
South Sea Company, 446, 519–20, 539
Southwell, Sir Robert, 173, 193
Spain: succession to Carlos II, 166, 257; allied campaign in, 219–20, 284, 299, 334, 336–8, 429–30, 539; and peace terms, 383–4, 450, 478; and grant of Asiento to Britain, 450, 478, 494, 519; and Anne’s Restraining Order to Ormonde, 474; and Peace of Utrecht, 493; trade agreement with Britain, 519–20
Spanish Netherlands, 167–8
Spanish Succession, War of (1701–13): causes, 167; costs, 195–6, 382, 415; and party differences, 196–7; outbreak, 203; conduct of, 217, 249, 298, 334; Anne’s policy on, 219–20; growing unpopularity, 382–3; ends, 494–6; and Britain’s rise to power, 537
Spectator, The (journal), 199
Spencer, Lady Anne, 67–8
Stair, John Dalrymple, 1st Earl of, 190, 315, 455, 508
Stanhope, General James, 1st Earl, 402, 429, 487, 529
Stawell, William, 3rd Baron, 244
Steele, Sir Richard, 539–40; The Crisis, 510
Stepney, George, 218
Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 3rd Earl of, 456–7
Stroud, Ellen, 3
Stubbs, Samuel, 532
Sunderland, Anne, Countess of (née Churchill), 158, 239, 433
Sunderland, Anne, Countess of (née Spencer), 54, 67–8, 70, 77, 85, 127
Sunderland, Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of: in Whig Junto, 194; blamed for Almanza defeat, 219; as ambassador to Vienna, 221, 281; opposes financial settlement for Prince George, 251–2; Godolphin proposes for Secretary of State, 301–4, 306–7, 310–11, 318; appointed Secretary of State, 311–12, 352; threatens attack on Admiralty, 320; Harley disparages to Anne, 321; angered by Anne’s clemency towards Griffin, 346; intrigues to strengthen Whigs in Parliament, 352–3; rudeness to Anne, 352; Anne threatens to dismiss, 357, 359; welcomes Prince George’s death, 373; supports dismissal of Abigail, 398, 412; warns Anne of riots during Sacheverell trial, 403; dismissal, 412–16, 420; in debate on 1711 peace proposals, 462; and Marlborough’s plot to invade England, 487; on Treaty of Utrecht, 495
Sunderland, Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of: daughter Anne appointed to Anne’s household, 67–8; Catholicism, 73, 75; rise to power, 73; Anne’s dislike of, 74; attempts reconciliation between Anne and William and Mary, 147, 149; praises Anne’s first speech to Parliament, 175
Supremacy, Act of (1534), 65
Swift, Jonathan: on Anne’s preoccupation with etiquette, 11; on Prince George, 186; on party divisions, 198; on Anne’s antipathy to Whigs, 199; on popularity of opera, 229; attends Anne’s Drawing Room, 230–1; on Anne’s hunting from chaise, 235; praises Abigail, 322; on Marlborough’s relations with Godolphin, 338; on Sunderland’s rudeness to Anne, 352; on Somers’ relations with Anne, 376; on Marlborough’s requesting Captain-Generalcy for life, 378; on effect of war, 383; on Anne’s secret meetings with Harley, 407; on Harley’s position in government, 421; on losses in Spain, 429; employed by Harley, 431–2; on Duchess of Somerset, 437; and St John’s womanising, 439; on Anne’s infirmity, 441; on Anne’s physicians, 442; on Arbuthnot, 442; on absence of Harley from Parliament, 443; on national financial situation, 445; on unchanging ministerial posts, 446; on Anne’s contempt for Pretender, 448, 493; on peace proposals (1711), 458, 460, 463; Anne blocks advancement, 464, 482; on ousting of Marlborough, 468; fear of assault by Mohock gangs, 471; on Oxford’s statements on peace proposals, 477; on St John’s poor relations with Anne, 480; on Oxford’s unpunctuality, 483; on Abigail Masham’s influence, 484–5; on postponement of Parliament (1713), 489, 495; appointed Dean of St Patrick’s Cathedral, Dublin, 500; on disorder in London, 500; and Oxford’s reaction to Anne’s illness, 502; and Oxford’s decline of power, 509; and Oxford’s defensive actions, 519; consoles Abigail Masham at Anne’s death, 533; Sarah Marlborough praises, 536; on Anne’s political partiality, 538; The Conduct of the Allies, 460–1; Gulliver’s Travels, 536; The Windsor Prophecy, 464
Queen Anne: The Politics of Passion Page 89
