Catastrophe 1914: Europe Goes to War

by Max Hastings

  348 ‘It is a terrible place’ ibid. p.152

  348 ‘We stop a lot of’ IWM 07/63/1 Harcourt-Vernon MS

  349 ‘I tried to sleep’ Craster p.89

  350 ‘Meanwhile the bodies’ ibid. p.90

  350 ‘A week ago … we’ Harris p.63

  350 ‘We were subject to’ Craster p.94

  350 ‘The men are splendid’ ibid. p.96

  351 ‘Major Zeppelin’ Knoch p.78

  351 ‘in this war the last’ Guard p.125

  351 ‘it was impossible to rely’ Haig p.70

  351 ‘On the 20th he’ ibid. p.72

  352 ‘Had we but known’ Kendall p.344

  352 ‘Troops are beginning’ IWM T.H. Cubbon

  352 ‘I have seen attacks’ SB S7, 97/2–3 Kaisen collection

  353 ‘Fancy a thousand’ New York Times 13.9.14

  353 ‘one does not take’ Reimann, Aribert Der große Krieg der Sprachen. Untersuchungen zur historischen Semantik in Deutschland und England zur Zeit des Ersten Weltkrieges, Essen Klartext 2000 p.181 4.10.14

  353 ‘it is terrible’ Gudenhus-Schomerus p.89 21.9.14

  353 ‘We are so benumbed’ Kresten Andresen quoted Englund p.30

  354 ‘On 16 September, Sir John’ IWM 07/63/1 Harcourt-Vernon MS

  354 ‘I think the battle’ Royal Archives GV Q832/72

  355 ‘This trench- and siege-warfare’ Herwig The Marne p.216

  355 ‘One day very like’ Craster p.103

  355 ‘It beats me’ Guest to Percy Illingworth 21.9.14 Illingworth papers

  Chapter 11 – ‘Poor Devils, They Fought Their Ships Like Men’

  356 ‘The living spaces’ Hipper diary 7.9.14, Wolz p.203

  357 ‘Very great excitement’ ibid. p.99

  357 ‘If it comes off’ ibid.

  357 ‘One profound’ Young, Filson With the Battlecruisers Cassell 1921 p.121

  357 ‘The German “High Seas Fleet”’ Wolz p.344

  358 ‘Following the outbreak’ Seligmann New Weapons for New Targets p.328

  358 ‘Boredom feeds depression’ Stumpf p.14 13.8.14

  358 ‘Everywhere people express’ ibid. p.15

  359 ‘On 9 August, a German’ ibid. p.13

  360 ‘This … was a salutary’ Wolz diary p.115 21.8.14

  360 ‘Morale slides because’ ibid. p.100

  360 ‘The naval mind was’ Young p.54

  361 ‘It does not make us’ Knobloch diary p.328 22.8.14

  361 ‘She [the Emden] is undoubtedly’ Wolz p.357 24.10.14

  361 ‘The Navy are very bad’ Shelden, Michael Young Titan Simon & Schuster 2013 p.300

  361 ‘At Coblenz on 18 August’ Hopman p.411

  362 ‘It was quite clear’ Young p.84

  362 ‘If he does that’ ibid. p.85

  362 ‘They Want to Starve’ Healey, Maureen Vienna and the Fall of the Hapsburg Empire: Total War and Everyday Life in World War I CUP 2004 p.38

  363 ‘They control the oceans’ Wolz p.345 25.8.14

  363 ‘If we were to risk’ ibid. p.100

  363 ‘The dark shapes’ Young p.126

  364 ‘I would have preferred’ Wolz p.121

  365 ‘The least informed’ Young p.120

  366 ‘In the clear seawater’ Palmer and Wallis p.234

  366 ‘young, distinguished-looking’ Young p.6

  366 ‘the most publicised’ Gordon, Andrew The Rules of the Game: Jutland and British Naval Command John Murray 1996 p.27

  368 ‘I see no reason’ Seligmann Naval Intelligence p.517

  369 ‘I always had a feeling’ Wolz p.332 22.10.14

  370 ‘Every salvo they’ Bywater, Hector Cruisers in Battle p.56

  370 ‘A most extraordinary’ King-Hall, Stephen A North Sea Diary 1914–1918 pp.54–5

  371 ‘She had settled’ Bywater p.57

  372 ‘As we approached’ Chatfield, Lord Ernle The Navy and Defence: An Autobiography Heinemann 1942 p.125

  373 ‘a brilliant episode’ Churchill Great War Vol. I p.306

  373 ‘This little battle’ IWM Macleod Papers

  373 ‘Winston’s little scheme’ Asquith to VS 28.8.14 p.203

  374 ‘We disgraced ourselves’ Hopman diary 29.8.14 pp.419–20

  374 ‘Yet next day’ ibid. p.421 30.8.14

  374 ‘Brains were at’ Young p.10

  374 ‘The spirit informing’ ibid. p.47

  376 ‘We heard the Russian’ ibid. p.68

  376 ‘It must be a heartwarming’ Wolz p.326

  376 ‘One feels happy’ ibid. p.416 23.9.14

  377 ‘I am afraid’ Asquith to VS 4.11.14 p.309

  378 ‘I told Winston’ ibid.

  378 ‘a veritable volcano’ Churchill Vol. I p.77

  379 ‘I think it is mean’ Wolz p.417

  380 ‘To founder without’ ibid. p.420

  382 ‘The missing of those’ ibid. p.429

  382 ‘The gravest weakness’ Andrew Gordon passim

  383 ‘May we have a chance’ Wolz pp.356–7

  383 ‘Unless war is made’ ibid. p.349

  383 ‘Ernst Weizsäcker’ ibid. p.324 28.10.14

  383 ‘Our inactivity causes’ ibid. p.450

  383 ‘In the North Sea nothing’ ibid. p.101 21.11.14

  384 ‘From the point of view’ Young p.157

  384 ‘Once he appeared’ ibid. p.161

  384 ‘I would give anything’ Wolz p.318 Keyes letter 9.10.14

  385 ‘the British navy has’ Naval Review 14.10.14

  Chapter 12 – Three Armies in Poland

  386 ‘everything is’ ASA B1600/7 Pallavicini diary 12.8.14

  387 ‘Of course everybody’ ASA B1492 von Hoefft MS

  387 ‘it is said that’ Stenitzer, Richard von Belagerung und Gefangenschaft. Von Przemyśl bis Russisch-Turkestan. Das Kriegstagebuch des Dr Richard Ritter von Stenitzer 1914–1917 ed. Albert Petho Graz Ares 2010 p.23

  387 ‘jumping into a thick’ Zeynek p.183

  387 ‘There were subdued’ Reed p.123

  388 ‘The high command had’ Schneider pp.30–1

  388 ‘Constantin Schneider’s division’ ibid. pp.60–1 29.8.14

  388 ‘We were constantly’ ibid. p.35

  389 ‘Guliewicz, an aristocratic’ Stone p.58

  389 ‘By contrast, a mile’ Ksyunin p.17

  389 ‘the Orient had to’ Schneider p.69 30.8.14

  389 ‘It must be that God’ OS B1492 von Hoefft MS

  391 ‘A huge gunner’ Knox p.50

  391 ‘A few younger soldiers’ Reed p.164

  391 ‘the expression of most’ Knox p.51

  392 ‘the air was poisoned’ ASA B1492 von Hoefft MS

  392 ‘On the Austrian side’ Kronenbitter p.522

  392 ‘The Russians, by contrast’ Schneider p.201

  392 ‘On several occasions men’ Schindler, John Disaster on the Drina: The Austro-Hungarian Army in Bosnia in War in History 9 (2002) p.169

  392 ‘Constantin Schneider’ Schneider p.46

  392 ‘The ravine was’ ibid. pp.56–8

  392 ‘You see only’ ASA B1492 Hoefft MS

  393 ‘This is all we’ve’ Kondurashkin p.40

  393 ‘bowed, thin men’ ibid.

  393 ‘Police who were called’ ibid. p.51

  393 ‘It is said that a Jew’ Knox p.145

  393 ‘On 16 September, a group’ Stenitzer pp.158–9

  394 ‘Theodor Ritter Zeynek’ Zeynek p.185

  394 ‘He and his comrades’ Kuznetsov, Ivan (ed.) Petrov Pobeg Iz Plenov Penza 1998 pp.67–8

  395 ‘It was as if he’ Schneider p.62

  396 ‘Even at two or three’ Kondurashkin p.31

  397 ‘With a stab of awareness’ ibid. pp.89–90

  397 ‘I wanted to check’ ASA B863/1 Rathenitz MS

  397 ‘When Schneider delivered’ ibid. pp.99–100

  398 ‘this should not matter’ ANA B 1600/7 Pallavicini diary

  398 ‘a fabulous cabbage soup’ Ksyunin p.18

  398 ‘Well s
ir, I was’ ibid. p.68

  399 ‘It was an unforgettable’ Knox p.115

  399 ‘The new occupants’ Schneider pp.231–2 14.12.14

  399 ‘We pass the time’ Stenitzer p.40

  399 ‘Keep marching heedless’ Biwald p.344

  399 ‘The city was very’ Forstner, Franz Przemyśl. Österreich-Ungarns bedeutendste Festung Vienna ÖBV Pädagogischer 1997 pp.146, 148

  400 ‘In September, the rump’ ibid. p.151

  400 ‘The Russians are right’ Wittgenstein p.21

  400 ‘Men’s behaviour improves’ Schneider p.108

  401 ‘the campaign [in the west]’ Jeffrey p.138

  401 ‘The Austrians’ predicament’ Hoffman p.55

  401 ‘Come and eat’ Kondurashkin p.67

  402 ‘In some units it became’ Reed p.154

  402 ‘Vasily Mishnin’ Palmer and Wallis p.37

  402 ‘No news except’ ASA B1600/7: Pallavicini MS

  402 ‘Tell me, sirs’ Kysunin p.6

  403 ‘Take him away!’ ibid. p.7

  403 ‘Give him one’ ibid. p.9

  403 ‘One hears dozens’ Kondurashkin p.25

  403 ‘There were the same’ ibid. p.370

  404 ‘I thought of my village’ Kuznetsov p.68

  404 ‘We awoke to see’ ibid. p.69

  404 ‘You want to dig in’ ASA B1492 von Hoefft MS

  405 ‘One saw groups’ Kondurashkin pp.60–1

  405 ‘where alleged spies’ Stenitzer p.25 22.8.14

  405 ‘from which shots had’ Schneider pp.72–3

  405 ‘With only few exceptions’ Reichsarchiv (ed.) Der Weltkrieg 1914–1918 Vol. II Berlin Mittler 1925 pp.325–7

  405 ‘The most notable’ see Borck, Karin and Kölm, Lothar (eds) Gefangen in Sibirien. Tagebuch eines ostpreußischen Mädchens 1914–1920 Osnabrück Fibre 2001 p.8

  406 ‘On 14 September, escorted’ Sczuka pp.27–30

  406 ‘In enemy country’ ibid. p.77

  406 ‘Yet, on the following’ ibid. pp.84–5 6.9.14

  408 ‘At Otwock railway station’ Samborn Poland p.45

  408 ‘they go on blindly’ ibid. p.48

  408 ‘How are things’ Kondurashkin p.63

  409 ‘Alexei Ksyunin’ Ksyunin p.62

  409 ‘All but the most’ ibid. p.64

  Chapter 13 – ‘Did You Ever Dance With Him?’

  1 HOME FRONTS

  411 ‘the impossibility of keeping’ Gide p.80

  412 ‘In Austria there was’ Krafft-Krivanec p.147 12.10.14

  412 ‘The government recognised’ Becker, Jean-Jacques The Great War and the French People trans. Arnold Pomerans 1985 p.13

  414 ‘The word “Durchhalten”’ Healey p.34

  414 ‘Austrian women were’ ibid. p.38

  415 ‘The Marquis of San Giuliano’ Bertie diary 26.10.14

  415 ‘The Italians imagine’ ibid. 11.10.14

  415 ‘Otto Zeilinger’ Brenner, Stefan Das Kriegsgefangenenlager in Knittelfeld: Eine Untersuchung der Akten des Kriegsarchivs Wien von den ersten Bemühungen Otto Zeilingers zur Errichtung des Lagers Knittelfeld bis zur Umwandlung des Kriegsgefangenenlagers in ein Militärspital MA thesis Graz 2011 pp.45–85

  415 ‘It proved necessary’ La Vie quotidienne à Nice en Août 1914 d’après l’Eclaireur de Nice

  416 ‘I have been too exhilarated’ NS 5.12.14

  417 ‘A crash programme’ Becker p.23

  417 ‘Specialist workers were’ ibid. pp.26–7

  418 ‘In Freiburg’ Chickering Urban Life p.358

  418 ‘Maynard Keynes’ Wittgenstein p.27 5.10.14

  418 ‘It is a load of private’ Grey to Percy Illingworth 20.9.14, Illingworth Papers

  418 ‘we do not feel’ Schädla diary 19.9.14

  418 ‘we had to retreat’ ibid. 23.9.14

  418 ‘Was it an attack’ ibid. 6.10.14

  419 ‘So we have even’ ibid. 22.10.14

  419 ‘Did you ever dance’ Asquith to VS 19.9.14 p.247

  419 ‘Poor Willy Macneil’ IWM Tennyson MS

  420 ‘It is my wish’ Horne, John (ed.) State, Society and Mobilization in Europe during the First World War CUP 1997 p.41

  420 ‘The Germans Have Killed’ Flood pp.87–8

  420 ‘the war as an educational’ Berliner Geschichtswerkstatt p.183

  420 ‘Elfriede Kuhr’ Mihaly pp.71, 94

  421 ‘the children were awed’ Gudenhus-Schomerus p.130 4.11.14

  421 ‘The trade magazine’ Hirschfeld p.325 10.9.14

  421 ‘from their reserves’ Macarthur p.69

  423 ‘Most Europeans were now’ Herwig Marne p.101

  424 ‘I write a daily letter’ ibid. pp.157–8 8.8.14

  424 ‘You say that you’ www.ladepeche.fr: 1914–18. Scènes de vie quotidienne à l’arrière 2.11.08 Sabine Bernèd

  424 ‘in hope of atrocities’ Asquith p.13

  425 ‘Ten years ago’ Gleason, A. What the Workers Want London 1920 p.250

  425 ‘Never did I expect’ IWM P404 Baroness de T’Serclaes Vol. III

  425 ‘At Euston station’ ibid.

  426 ‘One can just sit down’ Wisthaler, Sigrid (ed.) Karl Außerhofer: Das Kriegstagebuch eines Soldaten im Ersten Weltkrieg Innsbruck UP 2010

  426 ‘church parades are’ ibid. p.102 3.11.14

  426 ‘English life and ways’ The Lady 3.12.14

  426 ‘Among the many’ ibid. 29.10.14

  426 ‘the task of feeding’ ibid. 22.10.14

  427 ‘Sailors whose vessels’ Mihaly p.99 8.11.14

  427 ‘The little girl and her friend’ ibid. p.88

  427 ‘a degenerate desire’ Verhey p.82

  427 ‘Let us pray’ Ambrožič, Matjaz Dnevniški zapiski dr. Evgena Lampeta (1898–1917) Ljubljana 2007 p.56

  427 ‘Everyone wishes ill’ ibid. p.51

  427 ‘An English acquaintance’ Cooper, C.E. Behind the Lines: One Woman’s War Norman & Hobbes 1982 pp.21–2

  428 ‘I find that I’ Murray, Gilbert Faith, War and Policy OUP 1918 p.9

  428 ‘We here, far inland’ Schädla diary 12.12.14

  429 ‘Every day there is’ Krafft-Krivanec pp.125–6

  429 ‘Soon all the committees’ The Lady 20.8.14

  429 ‘Once again, I forgot’ SB 7, 97/2–17

  429 ‘Everything has been’ Feilding, Lady Dorothie Lady Under Fire on the Western Front ed. Hallam, Andrew and Nicola Pen & Sword 2010 p.13

  430 ‘Alas I don’t think’ ibid. p.9

  430 ‘I don’t mind’ ibid. p.12

  430 ‘Archduchess Maria Josefa’ ASA diary of Rüdiger Freiherr Stillfried von Rathenitz B 863/1 RS (1894–1972) 19.9.14

  430 ‘The kind manner’ Die Neue Zeitung no.259 20.89.14

  431 ‘The King seemed anxious’ Haig p.56

  431 ‘The King seemed very cheery’ ibid. p.83 4.12.14

  431 ‘not really fighting’ Asquith to VS 24.10.14 p.285

  431 ‘It is unbelievable’ ASA Pallavacini 9.10.14

  432 ‘the awful slaughter’ Hopman diary p.446 25.9.14

  432 ‘for the last 25’ ibid. p.441 18.9.14

  432 ‘Today I visited’ Krafft-Krivanec p.180

  432 ‘a November political intelligence’ Berliner Geschichtswerkstatt p.124

  432 ‘We are a unified people’ Chickering p.438

  433 ‘Therefore it is our’ Horne p.94

  433 ‘Prussia is today’ Muehlon p.192

  434 ‘every man who’ Daily Chronicle 12.10.14

  434 ‘It is a hard task’ Abschiedsfeier für das Ersatzbataillon des Inf.-Rgts. 75, Bremen 1914

  2 NEWS AND ABUSE

  434 ‘If before the war’ Verhey p.111

  435 ‘it is with profound’ The Times 8.8.14

  435 ‘We never appreciated’ Leuchtenberg, William The Perils of Prosperity 1914–32 Chicago University Press 1958 p.14

  435 ‘intemperate attacks’ Becker The Great War and the French People p.53

  435 ‘Ministers urged’ ibid. pp.67–8

 
; 436 ‘It is … wise’ Belloc, Hilaire The Two Maps of Europe Pearson 1915 p.102

  436 ‘pacifist and financial’ Bennett, Arnold The Letters of Arnold Bennett ed. James Hepburn OUP 1968 2: 351

  436 ‘As war is pre-eminently’ New Statesman 1.9.14

  437 ‘he and Ford Madox Ford’ Buitenhuis, p.72

  437 ‘our first victory’ Verhey p.130

  437 ‘very strong and’ Becker Guerre p.58

  438 ‘If damaging rumours’ Ambrožič, Matjaž Dnevniški zapiski dr. Evgena Lampeta (1898–1917) Ljubljana 2007 p.54

  438 ‘The introduction of trench’ Becker p.66

  438 ‘Austrian cities were said’ ibid. p.57

  438 ‘Yesterday evening a silly’ Wittgenstein pp.33–4

  438 ‘No good news’ ibid. p.36 30.10.14

  439 ‘These reports caused’ Kupferman, Fred 14–18: Mourir pour la patrie: Rumeurs, bobards et propagande Editions du Seuil 1992 pp.212–13

  439 ‘French journalists’ ibid. p.67

  439 ‘the nightingale of’ Becker The Great War and the French People p.162

  439 ‘Poilus, rejecting’ ibid. pp.57–8

  440 ‘Our Brandenburgers’ Oder-Zeitung 14.11.14

  440 ‘The war was presented’ Becker p.43

  440 ‘The story of “the little’ Healey p.230

  440 ‘an extremely nice’ The Lady 3.12.14

  441 ‘To know anything’ Young p.32

  Chapter 14 – Open Country, Open Sky

  1 CHURCHILL’S ADVENTURE

  443 ‘Dragoons from Darmstadt’ Sulzbach p.32

  444 ‘it is something’ ibid. p.33

  444 ‘If Joffre be victorious’ Bertie diary 1.10.14

  444 ‘We heard the guns’ IWM 99/41/1 Van Bleyenberghe letters 24.9.14

  445 ‘What are we going’ Daily Mail 31.8.14

  446 ‘Among the garrison’ IWM 91/3/1 Beer MS

  447 ‘We needed all our’ ibid.

  447 ‘Our third night’ ibid.

  448 ‘Our exodus is’ Festing MS p.55

  448 ‘He inspected’ ibid. p.62

  449 ‘the delivery of this’ ibid. p.69

  449 ‘military training in’ ibid. p.10

  449 ‘Next day, his brigadier’ ibid. p.74

  449 ‘Evening soon comes’ Beer MS IWM 91/3/1

  450 ‘I don’t think I have’ Festing MS p.84

  450 ‘the devil himself’ ibid. p.85

  450 ‘the Germans suddenly’ IWM P404 Baroness de T’Serclaes MS

  451 ‘Il ne faut pas’ Bonham Carter p.12 18.10.14

  451 ‘Darling father’ ibid. p.11

  451 ‘Antwerp was a’ Churchill Great War p.336

  451 ‘Looking back’ ibid. p.292

  451 ‘one would have thought’ Festing MS p.95