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CHAPTER 28
MISCELLANIES
KATERINA OIKONOMOPOULOU
28.1 SECOND SOPHISTIC MISCELLANIES: THE PROBLEM OF GENRE
PERHAPS no other type of Second Sophistic writing yields more fruitful ground for appreciating the dynamics of literary experimentation in this period than the miscellany. Although miscellanies were not a Second Sophistic invention (significantly, their origins probably go back to the sophists of the fifth century BCE),1 the era provided the ideal socio-cultural conditions for these sorts of texts to flourish and become firmly entrenched in the literary landscape. Not accidentally, miscellanies feature in the literary output of two sophists mentioned by Philostratus’s Lives of the Sophists, namely Favorinus of Arelate (late second century CE), who wrote Memoirs and a Miscellaneous History,2 and Claudius Aelian (late second to early third century CE), who produced the zoological miscellany On the Characteristics of Animals and a Historical Miscellany.3 They also represent an important segment of Plutarch’s oeuvre: the Chaeronean philosopher (mid-first to early second centuries CE) produced miscellanistic collections in question-and-answer format, among the best-known of which is his sympotic miscellany known as the Table Talk;4 a philosophical miscellany, entitled Stromateis, was also attributed to him in antiquity.5 Further, miscellanies were bequeathed to us from members of important intellectual circles of second-century CE Rome, namely Aulus Gellius and Athenaeus of Naucratis, who wrote the Attic Nights and the Deipnosophistae, respectively. There must have been a veritable boom in the writing of such works during the first and second centuries CE, judging by the number and variety of titles for miscellanistic works in Greek and Latin, to which Aulus Gellius traces back the literary ancestry of his own composition (NA pref. 6–10). We even have the name of a woman writer of a miscellany, Pamphila. We do not know much about her, except that she lived in Nero’s time, and was married for thirteen years to a man who was probably quite eminent. As Pamphila herself claims, the rich experiences and knowledge that she gained on her husband’s side were distilled into a miscellanistic work, cited under the title of Miscellaneous Historical Commentaries, or more simply as (Historical) Commentaries.